Mark Shlomovich, Sara Hyatt, Gina N Cassel-Choudhury
Croup is a common pediatric illness with varying levels of severity. In its mild form, it is a benign, self-limiting illness that requires supportive care. Severe cases require acute medical intervention and may require hospitalization. On the other hand, epiglottitis is a disease that historically had high mortality rates. Recent epidemiologic data have shown a decrease in the incidence of epiglottitis with a shift toward older patients. In this review, we aim to define croup and epiglottitis and describe their epidemiology, etiologies, differential diagnoses, pathogenesis, and management approaches.
{"title":"Croup and Epiglottitis.","authors":"Mark Shlomovich, Sara Hyatt, Gina N Cassel-Choudhury","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Croup is a common pediatric illness with varying levels of severity. In its mild form, it is a benign, self-limiting illness that requires supportive care. Severe cases require acute medical intervention and may require hospitalization. On the other hand, epiglottitis is a disease that historically had high mortality rates. Recent epidemiologic data have shown a decrease in the incidence of epiglottitis with a shift toward older patients. In this review, we aim to define croup and epiglottitis and describe their epidemiology, etiologies, differential diagnoses, pathogenesis, and management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"366-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron Grubner, Paul Fisher, Dana Suozzo, Morgan Bowling
{"title":"Bilious Emesis and Back Pain in an 11-Year-Old Girl.","authors":"Aaron Grubner, Paul Fisher, Dana Suozzo, Morgan Bowling","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-006244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"391-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dehydration continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children globally. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solutions can successfully treat mild to moderate dehydration. However, the uptake of this simple and cost-effective intervention remains low in both high-income and low-to-mid-income countries. The low-osmolality ORS solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) contains an appropriate balance of electrolytes and glucose that helps effectively absorb water and electrolytes, irrespective of the cause of gastroenteritis. ORS solution can be administered orally in most cases of mild to moderate dehydration; however, a nasogastric tube can be used in cases of oral intolerance in selected cases. The amount of ORS solution required for rehydration depends on the estimates of fluid losses and the child's weight. Severe dehydration could be managed with intravenous fluids initially; however, oral rehydration therapy can be used as soon as the patient is stable. The few contraindications for the use of oral rehydration solution include altered mental status, inability to tolerate oral or nasogastric intake of fluids, underlying gastrointestinal problems such as ileus, anatomical abnormalities, and gut malabsorption. This review describes the use of different ORS solutions in the United States and discusses the newly studied, non-glucose-based ORS solutions. The review also discusses hydration strategies for fluid loss during exercise and in hot environments.
{"title":"Oral Rehydration Salt Solutions for Children: A Review.","authors":"Aamer Imdad, Uzma Rani","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dehydration continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children globally. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solutions can successfully treat mild to moderate dehydration. However, the uptake of this simple and cost-effective intervention remains low in both high-income and low-to-mid-income countries. The low-osmolality ORS solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) contains an appropriate balance of electrolytes and glucose that helps effectively absorb water and electrolytes, irrespective of the cause of gastroenteritis. ORS solution can be administered orally in most cases of mild to moderate dehydration; however, a nasogastric tube can be used in cases of oral intolerance in selected cases. The amount of ORS solution required for rehydration depends on the estimates of fluid losses and the child's weight. Severe dehydration could be managed with intravenous fluids initially; however, oral rehydration therapy can be used as soon as the patient is stable. The few contraindications for the use of oral rehydration solution include altered mental status, inability to tolerate oral or nasogastric intake of fluids, underlying gastrointestinal problems such as ileus, anatomical abnormalities, and gut malabsorption. This review describes the use of different ORS solutions in the United States and discusses the newly studied, non-glucose-based ORS solutions. The review also discusses hydration strategies for fluid loss during exercise and in hot environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anuj Gupta, Hayley Myles, Farzana Nuruzzaman, Katarina Supe-Markovina, Maribeth Chitkara
{"title":"Renal Dysfunction in a 13-Year-Old Girl With Trisomy 21.","authors":"Anuj Gupta, Hayley Myles, Farzana Nuruzzaman, Katarina Supe-Markovina, Maribeth Chitkara","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"400-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although rare, inherited platelet function disorders represent an important cause of bleeding in the pediatric patient. Due to an overlap in symptoms with other causes of mucocutaneous bleeding, inherited platelet function disorders are difficult to distinguish and diagnose and often present a diagnostic conundrum for pediatricians. This review aims to highlight presenting signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, initial workup, and diagnostic criteria of inherited platelet function disorders presenting in the pediatric population.
{"title":"The Bleeding Child: Recognizing Inherited Platelet Function Disorders.","authors":"Cameron Cooper, Katharine Halligan","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although rare, inherited platelet function disorders represent an important cause of bleeding in the pediatric patient. Due to an overlap in symptoms with other causes of mucocutaneous bleeding, inherited platelet function disorders are difficult to distinguish and diagnose and often present a diagnostic conundrum for pediatricians. This review aims to highlight presenting signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, initial workup, and diagnostic criteria of inherited platelet function disorders presenting in the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"373-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts: What General Pediatricians Should Know.","authors":"Jason Scott Hauptman, Eric M Jackson","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-005969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-005969","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"384-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bailey Hamner, Brian Black, Rene D Gomez Esquivel, Rebecca M Plant
{"title":"Persistent Jaundice in a Teenage Boy Despite Removal of an Obstructing Stone.","authors":"Bailey Hamner, Brian Black, Rene D Gomez Esquivel, Rebecca M Plant","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-006330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 7","pages":"404-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号