Mariah M Servos Li, Erin R S Hamersley, Cristina Baldassari
Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis are common presenting concerns in primary care clinics. Nasal disorders affect the quality of life for many children and families. Rarely, these complaints may represent a life-threatening condition among infant obligate nasal breathers or cases of unusual pathology. The most common causes of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction vary by age and include physiologic, infectious, allergic, foreign body, irritant, and traumatic causes. Less commonly, children may have congenital malformations, sinonasal masses, or autoimmune disease. The most common causes of epistaxis are inflammatory, environmental, and traumatic causes and medication misuse, but rarely, children may have predisposing anatomic, hematologic, or vascular abnormalities or even sinonasal tumors. In this article, we provide a thorough review of the common nasal disorders treated every day in primary care clinics and mention briefly some of the rare but serious cases that may be overlooked without considering a full differential diagnosis.
{"title":"Nasal Disorders.","authors":"Mariah M Servos Li, Erin R S Hamersley, Cristina Baldassari","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006012","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2023-006012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis are common presenting concerns in primary care clinics. Nasal disorders affect the quality of life for many children and families. Rarely, these complaints may represent a life-threatening condition among infant obligate nasal breathers or cases of unusual pathology. The most common causes of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction vary by age and include physiologic, infectious, allergic, foreign body, irritant, and traumatic causes. Less commonly, children may have congenital malformations, sinonasal masses, or autoimmune disease. The most common causes of epistaxis are inflammatory, environmental, and traumatic causes and medication misuse, but rarely, children may have predisposing anatomic, hematologic, or vascular abnormalities or even sinonasal tumors. In this article, we provide a thorough review of the common nasal disorders treated every day in primary care clinics and mention briefly some of the rare but serious cases that may be overlooked without considering a full differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Penile Swelling in a 6-year-old Boy.","authors":"Carissa Bunke, Stuart Bradin","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005877","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Group A Streptococcus causes a variety of clinical manifestations, including pharyngitis and skin and soft tissue infections as well as more invasive disease. There are also multiple nonsuppurative complications of group A Streptococcus infection, including acute rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatricians should be able to diagnose and treat the various presentations of the infection.
A 群链球菌可引起多种临床表现，包括咽炎、皮肤和软组织感染以及更具侵袭性的疾病。A 群链球菌感染还有多种非化脓性并发症，包括急性风湿热和链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎。儿科医生应该能够诊断和治疗这种感染的各种表现。
{"title":"Group A Streptococcus Infections.","authors":"Sejal Makvana Bhavsar","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-005976","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2023-005976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group A Streptococcus causes a variety of clinical manifestations, including pharyngitis and skin and soft tissue infections as well as more invasive disease. There are also multiple nonsuppurative complications of group A Streptococcus infection, including acute rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatricians should be able to diagnose and treat the various presentations of the infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Hyperglycemia.","authors":"Rebecca Simon, Ami Shah, Bina Shah","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005563","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth C Loughman, Jennifer Gannon, Jotishna Sharma, Christopher R Nitkin
{"title":"Hypoglycemia in a 4-day-old Girl.","authors":"Elizabeth C Loughman, Jennifer Gannon, Jotishna Sharma, Christopher R Nitkin","doi":"10.1542/pir.2021-005286","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2021-005286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren B Yeager, Alexis Kassotis, Tahvi Frank, Chloe Y Li, Brian P Marr
Tumors of the eye, orbit, and ocular adnexa can arise in the pediatric population. These entities can be both vision- and life-threatening and may be associated with systemic disease. Given their relative rarity, pediatricians must be aware of these conditions and understand what findings warrant immediate referral to an ophthalmologist for initiation of further testing. We aimed to review these conditions and highlight clinical features to promote awareness and expedite diagnosis. Tumors are subdivided into the following categories for review: anterior tumors of the eyelid and ocular surface, orbital tumors, and intraocular tumors.
{"title":"A Review of Pediatric Ophthalmic Tumors.","authors":"Lauren B Yeager, Alexis Kassotis, Tahvi Frank, Chloe Y Li, Brian P Marr","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006163","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2023-006163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumors of the eye, orbit, and ocular adnexa can arise in the pediatric population. These entities can be both vision- and life-threatening and may be associated with systemic disease. Given their relative rarity, pediatricians must be aware of these conditions and understand what findings warrant immediate referral to an ophthalmologist for initiation of further testing. We aimed to review these conditions and highlight clinical features to promote awareness and expedite diagnosis. Tumors are subdivided into the following categories for review: anterior tumors of the eyelid and ocular surface, orbital tumors, and intraocular tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth R Shisler Dawson, Amanda N Lansell, Hilary Pelligra, Senthilkumar Sankararaman
{"title":"Edema, Hypotonia, and Refusal to Walk in a 16-month-old Boy.","authors":"Elizabeth R Shisler Dawson, Amanda N Lansell, Hilary Pelligra, Senthilkumar Sankararaman","doi":"10.1542/pir.2021-005415","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2021-005415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan David Lopez, Whitney Daniels, Shashank V Joshi
{"title":"Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Clinical Considerations and When to Worry.","authors":"Juan David Lopez, Whitney Daniels, Shashank V Joshi","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005922","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005922","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severe Mucositis in the Setting of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcal Coinfection.","authors":"Delice Kayishunge, Mavinder Guram, Megan S Evans","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005589","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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