Read May 31, § j , 'A tWYf ituation in life not perI7S3‘ mitting me to look over the works of the learned, was the reafon, why I was not one of the firft, who perufed the General and cular Natural HiJtoryy &c,of Mr. de Buffon. How ever a little interval of leifure allowing me to look into it, I am at a ftand to find myfelf mention’d, in the fame breath with tbs celebrated Dr. Halley and others, to receive our condemnation on account or the tables for determining the degrees of probability of the duration of human life: and as this paffage is the occafion of my remarks, I will begin by citing it intirely here:
{"title":"XXXVI. A view of the relation between the celebrated Dr. Halley's Tables, and the notions of Mr. De Buffon, for establishing a rule for the probable duration of the life of man","authors":"William Kersseboom","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1753.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1753.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Read May 31, § j , 'A tWYf ituation in life not perI7S3‘ mitting me to look over the works of the learned, was the reafon, why I was not one of the firft, who perufed the General and cular Natural HiJtoryy &c,of Mr. de Buffon. How ever a little interval of leifure allowing me to look into it, I am at a ftand to find myfelf mention’d, in the fame breath with tbs celebrated Dr. Halley and others, to receive our condemnation on account or the tables for determining the degrees of probability of the duration of human life: and as this paffage is the occafion of my remarks, I will begin by citing it intirely here:","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"18 1","pages":"239 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78458570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My former experiments with a fixed telescope upon α Cygni have always appeared to me so decisive, as to render hopeless any farther attempt to discover its parallax; but respecting that of α Lyræ, my observations with the mural circle were not equally satisfactory; for among the observations of this star we may find occasional discordances that admit of being interpreted in favour of parallax. And although I have been inclined myself to attribute these irregularities to other causes, yet their existence made it desirable to institute new experiments. The method with a fixed telescope, which I had contrived for α Cygni, could not here, I found, be applied successfully; there being no star of nearly the same altitude but opposite in right ascension sufficiently bright to be observed throughout the year, a circumstance quite essential to that mode of observation. I have employed therefore the mural circle to investigate, 1st, the difference of parallax between γ Draconis and α Lyræ: 2dly, the absolute parallax of the latter star; the Dublin observations indicating, it may be remembered, that the parallax of γ Draconis is insensible, but that of α Lyræ a very perceptible quantity. The processes employed in these two investigations being very different, I shall consider each of them separately. It is impossible to conceive a more simple process than that of determining with the mural circle the difference of polar distance between these stars. From their proximity in right ascension, the operation is the same as that of measuring the angular distance of two terrestrial objects, about 12° asunder, with a theodolite surrounded by six microscopes: for the mural circle, in principle, exactly resembles a vertical theodolite; with this difference, that its microscopes, instead of being placed on a frame-work of brass, are securely fixed on a stone pier. Now I find that the angular distance thus measured in winter does not differ one-tenth of a second from the same angular distance measured in summer; and therefore, that the difference of parallax between the two stars is absolutely a quantity too small to be measured. In this investigation, it is to be considered that any constant error in the determination of the absolute polar distances has nothing to do with the question, it being the difference only of those distances at opposite seasons that is required. To render all errors throughout the whole course of observation as constant as possible, the telescope remained fixed to the same part of the limb of the instrument, and the utmost pains were taken to reduce the temperature in the Observatory to that of the outer air; the difference throughout the year not exceeding one degree. The winter of 1821-1822 was extremely favourable for astronomical observation; there were an unusual number of fine nights, and the weather was so mild and uniform, that we were enabled to equalize the temperature, so as to make it of no importance whether the observations were
{"title":"VII. On the parallax of α. Lyræ","authors":"J. Pond","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1823.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1823.0009","url":null,"abstract":"My former experiments with a fixed telescope upon α Cygni have always appeared to me so decisive, as to render hopeless any farther attempt to discover its parallax; but respecting that of α Lyræ, my observations with the mural circle were not equally satisfactory; for among the observations of this star we may find occasional discordances that admit of being interpreted in favour of parallax. And although I have been inclined myself to attribute these irregularities to other causes, yet their existence made it desirable to institute new experiments. The method with a fixed telescope, which I had contrived for α Cygni, could not here, I found, be applied successfully; there being no star of nearly the same altitude but opposite in right ascension sufficiently bright to be observed throughout the year, a circumstance quite essential to that mode of observation. I have employed therefore the mural circle to investigate, 1st, the difference of parallax between γ Draconis and α Lyræ: 2dly, the absolute parallax of the latter star; the Dublin observations indicating, it may be remembered, that the parallax of γ Draconis is insensible, but that of α Lyræ a very perceptible quantity. The processes employed in these two investigations being very different, I shall consider each of them separately. It is impossible to conceive a more simple process than that of determining with the mural circle the difference of polar distance between these stars. From their proximity in right ascension, the operation is the same as that of measuring the angular distance of two terrestrial objects, about 12° asunder, with a theodolite surrounded by six microscopes: for the mural circle, in principle, exactly resembles a vertical theodolite; with this difference, that its microscopes, instead of being placed on a frame-work of brass, are securely fixed on a stone pier. Now I find that the angular distance thus measured in winter does not differ one-tenth of a second from the same angular distance measured in summer; and therefore, that the difference of parallax between the two stars is absolutely a quantity too small to be measured. In this investigation, it is to be considered that any constant error in the determination of the absolute polar distances has nothing to do with the question, it being the difference only of those distances at opposite seasons that is required. To render all errors throughout the whole course of observation as constant as possible, the telescope remained fixed to the same part of the limb of the instrument, and the utmost pains were taken to reduce the temperature in the Observatory to that of the outer air; the difference throughout the year not exceeding one degree. The winter of 1821-1822 was extremely favourable for astronomical observation; there were an unusual number of fine nights, and the weather was so mild and uniform, that we were enabled to equalize the temperature, so as to make it of no importance whether the observations were ","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"7 1","pages":"53 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78625481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yesterday, about a Quarter before Six in the Evening, a flight Shock of an Earthquake was felt here.
昨天，大约在晚上六点差一刻，这里感到了地震的强烈震动。
{"title":"XXVI. Extract of a letter from Portsmouth; communicated by Daniel Wray Esq; F. R. S. concerning the same","authors":"D. Wray","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1749.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1749.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Yesterday, about a Quarter before Six in the Evening, a flight Shock of an Earthquake was felt here.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"97 1","pages":"647 - 649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76011670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emotions of gratitude inspired by the very place in which, by the munificence of our Royal Patron, we are now for the first time assembled, render it impossible for me to neglect the ppportunity which this season, when ye have been used to hear yourselves addressed from the chair, affords me
{"title":"A speech delivered to the Royal Society, on Wednesday November 30, 1780, being their anniversary","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1781.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1781.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The emotions of gratitude inspired by the very place in which, by the munificence of our Royal Patron, we are now for the first time assembled, render it impossible for me to neglect the ppportunity which this season, when ye have been used to hear yourselves addressed from the chair, affords me","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R ead J u ly 9 , the LXivth volume of the Philofophical 17 7 8. 1 Tranfadions there is a paper or Mr. henly’s upon the fubjed of condudors, wherein are con tained feveral experiments, intended to fhew that pointed terminations are preferable to lpherical ones for fecuring buildings, &c. from accidents by lightning. Upon thofe experiments I made fome obfervations, and particularly upon the fifth, where a point and ball were placed at the fame diftance from a lphere of cop per, fo as to make part of the circuit in the Leyden ex periment'^. In the defcription of that experiment I objeded to the two chains employed therein, becaufe the metallic communication was, by that method, confiderably interrupted, on account of a want of contad be tween the feveral links compofing the chains. I did not then repeat the experiment becaufe the particular circumftances attending the Leyden phial appeared, in my
{"title":"XLIV. New experiments upon the Leyden phial, respecting the termination of conductors.","authors":"B. Wilson","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1778.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1778.0045","url":null,"abstract":"R ead J u ly 9 , the LXivth volume of the Philofophical 17 7 8. 1 Tranfadions there is a paper or Mr. henly’s upon the fubjed of condudors, wherein are con tained feveral experiments, intended to fhew that pointed terminations are preferable to lpherical ones for fecuring buildings, &c. from accidents by lightning. Upon thofe experiments I made fome obfervations, and particularly upon the fifth, where a point and ball were placed at the fame diftance from a lphere of cop per, fo as to make part of the circuit in the Leyden ex periment'^. In the defcription of that experiment I objeded to the two chains employed therein, becaufe the metallic communication was, by that method, confiderably interrupted, on account of a want of contad be tween the feveral links compofing the chains. I did not then repeat the experiment becaufe the particular circumftances attending the Leyden phial appeared, in my","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"135 1","pages":"1012 - 999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76094409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To prepare Land for this Seed, let it be broke up some time in April, and plough'd again about Midsummer, and plough´d again in August, that by frequent Tillage the Weeds may be burnt up and destroy´d.
{"title":"VIII. The husbandry of canary seed","authors":"E. Tenison","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1713.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1713.0008","url":null,"abstract":"To prepare Land for this Seed, let it be broke up some time in April, and plough'd again about Midsummer, and plough´d again in August, that by frequent Tillage the Weeds may be burnt up and destroy´d.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"23 1","pages":"91 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76865800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In all our enquiries concerning the works of the Supreme Being, and in our endeavours to investigate the secondary causes by which the various phaenomena of nature are effected, we certainly cannot be too cautious and circumspect.
{"title":"V. An attempt to account for the formation of spars and crystals","authors":"Edward King","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1767.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1767.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In all our enquiries concerning the works of the Supreme Being, and in our endeavours to investigate the secondary causes by which the various phaenomena of nature are effected, we certainly cannot be too cautious and circumspect.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"190 1","pages":"58 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76866018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"XIV. The apparent times of the immersions and emersions of Jupiter's satellites, for the year 1739. computed to the meridian of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich","authors":"J. Hodgson","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1737.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1737.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Eclipses of the first satellite of Jupiter.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"349 1","pages":"69 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77601478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By factitious air, I mean in general any kind of air which is contained in other bodies in an unelastic state, and is produced from thence by art. By fixed air, I mean that particular species of factitious air, which is separated from alcaline substances by solution in acids or by calcination; and to which Dr. Black has given that name in his treatise on quicklime. As fixed air make a considerable part of the subject of the following papers; and as the name might incline on to think, that it signified any sort of air which is contained in other bodies in an unelastic form; I thought it best to give this explanation before I went any farther.
{"title":"XIX. Three papers, containing experiments on factitious air","authors":"H. Cavendish","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1766.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1766.0019","url":null,"abstract":"By factitious air, I mean in general any kind of air which is contained in other bodies in an unelastic state, and is produced from thence by art. By fixed air, I mean that particular species of factitious air, which is separated from alcaline substances by solution in acids or by calcination; and to which Dr. Black has given that name in his treatise on quicklime. As fixed air make a considerable part of the subject of the following papers; and as the name might incline on to think, that it signified any sort of air which is contained in other bodies in an unelastic form; I thought it best to give this explanation before I went any farther.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"690 1","pages":"141 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76879057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IV. A catalogue of eclipses of Jupiter's satellites for the year 1733","authors":"J. Hodgson","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1731.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1731.0056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"182 1","pages":"321 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75071455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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