I Find my journal of astronomical observations made at Stoke Newington, in a detached or insulated observatory, whose walls were of brick and two feet thick, that during most part of the night of the 5th day of January 17 39/40 the ink in my stand-dish would freeze in a few minutes, if brought within a foot of the wall;
{"title":"VII. A note concerning the cold of 1740, and of this Year","authors":"J. Bevis","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1768.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1768.0007","url":null,"abstract":"I Find my journal of astronomical observations made at Stoke Newington, in a detached or insulated observatory, whose walls were of brick and two feet thick, that during most part of the night of the 5th day of January 17 39/40 the ink in my stand-dish would freeze in a few minutes, if brought within a foot of the wall;","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"6 1","pages":"54 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73730547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These tables are founded on the experiments of which the results were given in the Report and Supplementary Report on the best method of proportioning the excise on spirituous liquors. They are computed for every degree of heat from 30° to 80°, and for the addition or subtraction of every one part in a hundred of water or spirit; but as the experiments themselves were made only to every fifth degree of heat, and every five in the hundred of water or spirit, the intermediate places are filled up by interpolation in the usual manner, with allowance for second differences. Every table consists of eight columns, and there are two tables for every degree of heat. In the first column of the first of the two tables, are given the proportions of spirit and water by weight, 100 parts of spirit being taken as the constant number, to which additions are made successively of one part of water from 1 to 99 inclusively. The first column in the second table has 100 parts of water for the constant number, with the parts of spirit decreasing successively by unity, from 100 to 1 inclusively. It must be observed, that each of these tables occupying one page, is divided in the middle for adapting it more conveniently to the size of the paper; but the whole of each page is to be considered as one continued table. The second column of all the tables gives the specific gravities of the corresponding mixtures of spirit and water in the first column, taken from the table of specific gravities in the Supplementary Report, the intermediate spaces being filled up by interpolation. In the third column 100 parts by measure of pure spirit, at the temperature marked on the top of every separate table, is assumed as the constant standard number, to which the respective quantities of Water by measure, at the same temperature, are to be proportioned in the next column. The fourth column, therefore, contains the proportion of water by measure, to 100 measures of spirit, answering to the proportions by weight in the same horizontal line of the first column. The fifth column shews the number of parts which the quantities of spirit and water contained in the third and fourth columns would measure when the mixture has been completed; that is, the bulk of the whole mixture after the concentration, or mutual penetration, has fully taken place. The sixth column, deduced from the three preceding ones, gives the effect of that concentration, or how much smaller the volume of the whole mixture is, than it would be if there was no such principle as the mutual penetration. The seventh column shews the quantity of pure spirit by measure, at the temperature in the table, contained in 100 measures of the mixture laid down in the fifth column. Lastly, the eighth column gives the decimal multiplier, by means of which the quantity by measure of standard pure spirit, of , 825 specific gravity at 60° of heat, may at once be ascertained, the temperature and specific gravity of the liquor being given; p
{"title":"XX. Tables for reducing the quantities by weight, in any mixture of pure spirit and water, to those by measure; and for determining the proportion, by measure, of each of the two substances in such mixtures","authors":"G. Gilpin","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1794.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1794.0023","url":null,"abstract":"These tables are founded on the experiments of which the results were given in the Report and Supplementary Report on the best method of proportioning the excise on spirituous liquors. They are computed for every degree of heat from 30° to 80°, and for the addition or subtraction of every one part in a hundred of water or spirit; but as the experiments themselves were made only to every fifth degree of heat, and every five in the hundred of water or spirit, the intermediate places are filled up by interpolation in the usual manner, with allowance for second differences. Every table consists of eight columns, and there are two tables for every degree of heat. In the first column of the first of the two tables, are given the proportions of spirit and water by weight, 100 parts of spirit being taken as the constant number, to which additions are made successively of one part of water from 1 to 99 inclusively. The first column in the second table has 100 parts of water for the constant number, with the parts of spirit decreasing successively by unity, from 100 to 1 inclusively. It must be observed, that each of these tables occupying one page, is divided in the middle for adapting it more conveniently to the size of the paper; but the whole of each page is to be considered as one continued table. The second column of all the tables gives the specific gravities of the corresponding mixtures of spirit and water in the first column, taken from the table of specific gravities in the Supplementary Report, the intermediate spaces being filled up by interpolation. In the third column 100 parts by measure of pure spirit, at the temperature marked on the top of every separate table, is assumed as the constant standard number, to which the respective quantities of Water by measure, at the same temperature, are to be proportioned in the next column. The fourth column, therefore, contains the proportion of water by measure, to 100 measures of spirit, answering to the proportions by weight in the same horizontal line of the first column. The fifth column shews the number of parts which the quantities of spirit and water contained in the third and fourth columns would measure when the mixture has been completed; that is, the bulk of the whole mixture after the concentration, or mutual penetration, has fully taken place. The sixth column, deduced from the three preceding ones, gives the effect of that concentration, or how much smaller the volume of the whole mixture is, than it would be if there was no such principle as the mutual penetration. The seventh column shews the quantity of pure spirit by measure, at the temperature in the table, contained in 100 measures of the mixture laid down in the fifth column. Lastly, the eighth column gives the decimal multiplier, by means of which the quantity by measure of standard pure spirit, of , 825 specific gravity at 60° of heat, may at once be ascertained, the temperature and specific gravity of the liquor being given; p","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"12 1","pages":"275 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85432421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Read Feb. 15, A B O U T four o’clock on Thurfday l 7 5 9i afternoon, July 13th 1758. a fhort but fevere thunder-ftorm^with lightning, fell upon the top of an houfe ftandtihg alone, and belonging to a common garden, on the caufeway near Sandling sferry, in the city of Norwich 5 ftruck off the tiles of the roof at the eaft end, to the fpace of a yard or two 5 burnt a very fmall hole in the middle of a lath, in piercing into the chamber, and then darted to the north-eaft 5 ript off the top of an old chair, without throwing it down $ fnapt the two heads of the bed-pofts, rent the curtains, drove againft the wall (the front of the houfe ftands due north-eaft forced out an upright of a window frame a yard long, three inches broad, and two th ick ; fmote it in a right line into an oppofite ditch, ten or twelve yards diftant; then ftruck down on the wall of the chamber, paring off half a foot s breadth of its plaiftered covering quite down to the floor j lifted up a board of the floor, and leaving an hole of half an inch diameter, pierced thro’ by the fide of the main [ 38 3
{"title":"VII. An account of a storm of thunder and lightning at Norwich, on the 13th of July 1758","authors":"Samuel. Cooper","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1759.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1759.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Read Feb. 15, A B O U T four o’clock on Thurfday l 7 5 9i afternoon, July 13th 1758. a fhort but fevere thunder-ftorm^with lightning, fell upon the top of an houfe ftandtihg alone, and belonging to a common garden, on the caufeway near Sandling sferry, in the city of Norwich 5 ftruck off the tiles of the roof at the eaft end, to the fpace of a yard or two 5 burnt a very fmall hole in the middle of a lath, in piercing into the chamber, and then darted to the north-eaft 5 ript off the top of an old chair, without throwing it down $ fnapt the two heads of the bed-pofts, rent the curtains, drove againft the wall (the front of the houfe ftands due north-eaft forced out an upright of a window frame a yard long, three inches broad, and two th ick ; fmote it in a right line into an oppofite ditch, ten or twelve yards diftant; then ftruck down on the wall of the chamber, paring off half a foot s breadth of its plaiftered covering quite down to the floor j lifted up a board of the floor, and leaving an hole of half an inch diameter, pierced thro’ by the fide of the main [ 38 3","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"25 1","pages":"38 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81663642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In compliance with your request, I send you my observations on the tides in Endeavour River, on the East Coast of New Holland, in latitude 15° 26' S.About 11 o'clock in the evening of the 10th of June 1770, as we were standing off shore, the ship suddenly struck, and stuck fast on a reef of coral rocks, about six leagues from the land. At this time I judged it was about high water, and that the tides were taking off, or decreasing, as it was three days past the full Moon; two circumstances by no means in our favour. As our efforts to heave her off, before the tide fell, proved ineffectual, we began to lighten her, by throwing over-board our guns, ballast, &c. in hopes of floating her the next high-water; but, to our great surprize, the tide did not rise high enough to accomplish this by near two feet. We had now no hopes but from the tide at midnight; and these only founded on a notion, very general indeed among seamen, but not confirmed by any thing which had yet fallen under by observation, that the night-tide rises higher than the day-tide.
{"title":"XXVI. Of the tides in the South Seas","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1776.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1776.0028","url":null,"abstract":"In compliance with your request, I send you my observations on the tides in Endeavour River, on the East Coast of New Holland, in latitude 15° 26' S.About 11 o'clock in the evening of the 10th of June 1770, as we were standing off shore, the ship suddenly struck, and stuck fast on a reef of coral rocks, about six leagues from the land. At this time I judged it was about high water, and that the tides were taking off, or decreasing, as it was three days past the full Moon; two circumstances by no means in our favour. As our efforts to heave her off, before the tide fell, proved ineffectual, we began to lighten her, by throwing over-board our guns, ballast, &c. in hopes of floating her the next high-water; but, to our great surprize, the tide did not rise high enough to accomplish this by near two feet. We had now no hopes but from the tide at midnight; and these only founded on a notion, very general indeed among seamen, but not confirmed by any thing which had yet fallen under by observation, that the night-tide rises higher than the day-tide.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"37 1","pages":"447 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81937614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of this treatise, is to give an account of some new astronomical discoveries relating to the planet Venus, which the author disposes under four heads; viz.
这篇论文的目的是要说明一些关于金星的天文学新发现，作者把这些发现分为四个标题;即。
{"title":"VI. An account of a book entituled, Hesperi & Phosphori Nova Phænomena, &c. Authore Francisco Blanchino;","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1729.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1729.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The design of this treatise, is to give an account of some new astronomical discoveries relating to the planet Venus, which the author disposes under four heads; viz.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"1 1","pages":"158 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83036621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On Friday the 15th of July, 1757. a violent shock of an earthquake was felt in the western parts of Cornwall. The thermometer had been higher than usual and the weather hot, or calm, or both, for eight days before; wind east and north-east. On the 14th in the morning, the wind shifting to the south-west, the weather calm and hazy, there was a shower.
{"title":"LXIV. An account of the earthquake in the west parts of Cornwall, July 15th 1757","authors":"W. Borlase","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1757.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1757.0065","url":null,"abstract":"On Friday the 15th of July, 1757. a violent shock of an earthquake was felt in the western parts of Cornwall. The thermometer had been higher than usual and the weather hot, or calm, or both, for eight days before; wind east and north-east. On the 14th in the morning, the wind shifting to the south-west, the weather calm and hazy, there was a shower.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"223 1","pages":"499 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75819764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HE heat of boiling water having for fome years been uled as one of the terms for graduating the fcale ot thermometers; together with the particular attention the Society has lately given (vide the Report of the Com mittee, Phil. Tranf. vol. lxvii.̂ to this branch of inquiry, and I may add the fingular fuccefs with which this age and nation has introduced a mathematical precifion, hi therto unheai d of, into the conftru£iion of philofophical mftruments, will render it unneceffary for me to fay more in refpeft of the following experiments, than Am ply to lay them before the Royal Society. That the heat of boiling water was variable, accord ing to the preffure of the atmofphere, feems to have been known to Fahrenheit as early as the year 17 24^.
{"title":"XXV. On the variation of the temperature of boiling water","authors":"George Augustus William Shuckburgh","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1779.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1779.0026","url":null,"abstract":"HE heat of boiling water having for fome years been uled as one of the terms for graduating the fcale ot thermometers; together with the particular attention the Society has lately given (vide the Report of the Com mittee, Phil. Tranf. vol. lxvii.̂ to this branch of inquiry, and I may add the fingular fuccefs with which this age and nation has introduced a mathematical precifion, hi therto unheai d of, into the conftru£iion of philofophical mftruments, will render it unneceffary for me to fay more in refpeft of the following experiments, than Am ply to lay them before the Royal Society. That the heat of boiling water was variable, accord ing to the preffure of the atmofphere, feems to have been known to Fahrenheit as early as the year 17 24^.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"21 1","pages":"362 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81054645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O O m etim e ago I prefented the with ^ a Defcription of two * Arteries, which arifmg from the Aorta,and fending Branches to the <3 lan du la Renalis, then defend to the Teflicks. And I have fince found the fame Arteries in Women, defending in the fame common Capfula m th the Spermatick Artery and Vein, to the Ovaria. Thefe Arteries very probably are what the late ExcellentAnatomift^afi/iw, took for excretory Duds o f the Glandula RettaUs, the Difpofition and Progrefs of thefe being very much alike to what has been afcrib’d to thofe fuppofed Duds.
{"title":"XII. Two newly discover’d arteries in women, going to the ovaria","authors":"John Ranby","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1726.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1726.0031","url":null,"abstract":"O O m etim e ago I prefented the with ^ a Defcription of two * Arteries, which arifmg from the Aorta,and fending Branches to the <3 lan du la Renalis, then defend to the Teflicks. And I have fince found the fame Arteries in Women, defending in the fame common Capfula m th the Spermatick Artery and Vein, to the Ovaria. Thefe Arteries very probably are what the late ExcellentAnatomift^afi/iw, took for excretory Duds o f the Glandula RettaUs, the Difpofition and Progrefs of thefe being very much alike to what has been afcrib’d to thofe fuppofed Duds.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"55 1","pages":"159 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78703591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Falkland's Islands, or, as the Spaniards and French call them, the Maloine Islands, are situated between the latitude of 52° 26' and 51° 6' S. and longitude from London 56° to 60° 30' W. They are numberless, forming a mass of broken high lands, or very low sedgy keys and sunken rocks. The largest is the Easternmost island, and on the Eastern side the Spaniards had a settlement, which the crown of Spain purchased of M. Bougainville, who, on his private account, had formed a settlement in the year 1764, at the time that Commodore Byron had first discovered Port Egmont. The next large island is of a very considerable extent, and hath many excellent harbours on it. Between these two runs Falkland's Sound, which is navigable through; but the South entrance is pretty full of low sandy keys. Adjoining to the second large island, to the Westward, lies Saunders's Island, on which the English settlement was made, a blockhouse erected, several spots inclosed for gardens and three storehouses, and five dwelling-houses or huts, built at different times by the ships crews who were stationed there.
{"title":"V. An account of Falkland Islands","authors":"W. Clayton","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1776.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1776.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Falkland's Islands, or, as the Spaniards and French call them, the Maloine Islands, are situated between the latitude of 52° 26' and 51° 6' S. and longitude from London 56° to 60° 30' W. They are numberless, forming a mass of broken high lands, or very low sedgy keys and sunken rocks. The largest is the Easternmost island, and on the Eastern side the Spaniards had a settlement, which the crown of Spain purchased of M. Bougainville, who, on his private account, had formed a settlement in the year 1764, at the time that Commodore Byron had first discovered Port Egmont. The next large island is of a very considerable extent, and hath many excellent harbours on it. Between these two runs Falkland's Sound, which is navigable through; but the South entrance is pretty full of low sandy keys. Adjoining to the second large island, to the Westward, lies Saunders's Island, on which the English settlement was made, a blockhouse erected, several spots inclosed for gardens and three storehouses, and five dwelling-houses or huts, built at different times by the ships crews who were stationed there.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"34 1","pages":"108 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82704505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1, Red and blue intermixed, in fmall friable lumps. '.:2, Red, in [mall friable lumps. 3. Grey, in large hard lumps. 4. Red, hard, compact.. . 5. Red, with grey fpots, m large hard lumps, fcarcely to be broken with a hammer. 6. Light grey, like a grit ftone. 7. Brown, friable, in large lumps. 8. Red, in large friable lumps. · 9· Brownilh white, very hard, like calcarious incrufiations. 10. Lead colour, friable, flaky. 11. Brown grey, very hard, in irregular lumps. 1 2 . Lead colour, in powder and in final! hard lumps. Read Feb. 4, 177 3·
{"title":"XIX. Experiments upon the different kinds of marle found in Staffordshire","authors":"W. Withering","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1773.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1773.0019","url":null,"abstract":"1, Red and blue intermixed, in fmall friable lumps. '.:2, Red, in [mall friable lumps. 3. Grey, in large hard lumps. 4. Red, hard, compact.. . 5. Red, with grey fpots, m large hard lumps, fcarcely to be broken with a hammer. 6. Light grey, like a grit ftone. 7. Brown, friable, in large lumps. 8. Red, in large friable lumps. · 9· Brownilh white, very hard, like calcarious incrufiations. 10. Lead colour, friable, flaky. 11. Brown grey, very hard, in irregular lumps. 1 2 . Lead colour, in powder and in final! hard lumps. Read Feb. 4, 177 3·","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"53 1","pages":"161 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89934454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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