Of the thirty-three species treated of in the following paper, and representing twenty-five genera, twenty-five were obtained by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, the remaining seven having been collected during the Antarctic Expedition under the command of Sir James Ross. Of this number, 18 are new to science, and nearly all are mentioned for the first time as inhabiting this locality. Some of the species are of very great interest, especially the new genus Neobuccinum, the Struthiolaria, and the new genus Eatoniella among the, Gastropods, and of the bivalves the Saxicava, Lissarca, and the magnificent Solenella, by far the largest known species of that genus.
在下面这篇论文中讨论的33个物种中，有25个属，其中25个是由A. E. Eaton牧师获得的，剩下的7个是在詹姆斯·罗斯爵士的指挥下在南极考察期间收集的。在这一数字中，有18个是科学上的新发现，几乎所有的人都是第一次被提到居住在这个地方。其中一些物种非常有趣，特别是腹足类中的新属nebuccinum, Struthiolaria和新属Eatoniella，双壳类中的Saxicava, Lissarca和壮观的Solenella，迄今为止该属中已知的最大物种。
{"title":"Mollusca","authors":"E. A. Smith.","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1879.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1879.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Of the thirty-three species treated of in the following paper, and representing twenty-five genera, twenty-five were obtained by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, the remaining seven having been collected during the Antarctic Expedition under the command of Sir James Ross. Of this number, 18 are new to science, and nearly all are mentioned for the first time as inhabiting this locality. Some of the species are of very great interest, especially the new genus Neobuccinum, the Struthiolaria, and the new genus Eatoniella among the, Gastropods, and of the bivalves the Saxicava, Lissarca, and the magnificent Solenella, by far the largest known species of that genus.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"27 1","pages":"167 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88353304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-02DOI: 10.1036/1097-8542.402500
G. E. Dobson
The only indigenous mammal consists of a species of frugivorous Bat, described below, which appears to have hitherto escaped the notice of zoologists. Bones of the rabbit, rat (Mus decumanus), mouse, and pig (introduced by the settlers), were brought home by the collectors, but they possess no special interest.
{"title":"Mammalia","authors":"G. E. Dobson","doi":"10.1036/1097-8542.402500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.402500","url":null,"abstract":"The only indigenous mammal consists of a species of frugivorous Bat, described below, which appears to have hitherto escaped the notice of zoologists. Bones of the rabbit, rat (Mus decumanus), mouse, and pig (introduced by the settlers), were brought home by the collectors, but they possess no special interest.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"35 1","pages":"457 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76944188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On comparing the Kerguelen Island Diptera with their nearest foreign allies, some are found to have retained the habits of the families to which they belong, and not to have departed in any way from their normal condition. These are they which frequent the denser portions of the herbage, and are efficiently sheltered by it even when the weather is at its worst, e. g., the Sciara and the Limnophyes. A larger number, also remaining true to the habits of their kindred, are less protected from the cold than the forms before mentioned, being denizens of rocks and crevices; these have small rudimentary wings (one is apterous) and a fair amount of hair and bristles (the apterous species being the worst off in these respects). Another is likewise constant to the habits of its nearest relations; and in consequence it is more exposed to the rigours and vicissitudes of the climate than any of the other species, frequenting as it does the leaves of the Kerguelen Island cabbage (Pringlea) ; it is almost apterous, and its hair and bristles are of the most rudimentary description. The Diptera of the Falkland Islands have their wings fully developed.
{"title":"Diptera","authors":"G. H. Verrall","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1879.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1879.0023","url":null,"abstract":"On comparing the Kerguelen Island Diptera with their nearest foreign allies, some are found to have retained the habits of the families to which they belong, and not to have departed in any way from their normal condition. These are they which frequent the denser portions of the herbage, and are efficiently sheltered by it even when the weather is at its worst, e. g., the Sciara and the Limnophyes. A larger number, also remaining true to the habits of their kindred, are less protected from the cold than the forms before mentioned, being denizens of rocks and crevices; these have small rudimentary wings (one is apterous) and a fair amount of hair and bristles (the apterous species being the worst off in these respects). Another is likewise constant to the habits of its nearest relations; and in consequence it is more exposed to the rigours and vicissitudes of the climate than any of the other species, frequenting as it does the leaves of the Kerguelen Island cabbage (Pringlea) ; it is almost apterous, and its hair and bristles are of the most rudimentary description. The Diptera of the Falkland Islands have their wings fully developed.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"36 3","pages":"238 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91501000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chionis minor, Hartl. (Lesser Sheathbill.) The general character of 19 eggs is a dirty white ground, splashed and blotched with brown. At the first glance there is a startling superficial resemblance in coloration, and sometimes in shape, to a very common dark form of the egg of the Razorbill ( Alca torda) ; other specimens are in shape and markings like boldly blotched examples of eggs of the (Edicnemus group of Plovers. On shining them to the light, the eggs show a green membranous lining. Unfortunately the egg of the other species Chionis alba (Gm.), of the Falkland Islands, is not known, for Capt. Abbott, who wrote an account of the birds of the Falklands (Ibis 18), did not obtain it, and the statements made to him by the sealers as to its egg being white, must be received with doubt. The first eggs were obtained on 23rd Dec., and in stating that none were found by Mr. Eaton until 10th January, the American Naturalist, Dr. Kidder, must have been labouring under an error. The complement of eggs seems to be one or two, and rarely three. The average dimensions of the egg are 2·2 in. X 1·5 in. Querquedula eatoni, Sharpe. Thirty eggs of this species present remarkable variation, the general hue being of a pale green or greenish buff. Laying appears to commence early in December. The average dimensions are 2 in. x l·4 in.
小基奥尼斯，哈特。(较小的南极海鸟。)19个鸡蛋的总体特征是脏白色的地面，棕色的斑点和斑点。乍一看，它在颜色上，有时在形状上，与一种非常常见的黑色Razorbill (Alca torda)的蛋有惊人的表面相似之处;其他标本的形状和斑纹，就像伊迪克内姆斯鸻群的卵一样，有明显的斑点。在光照下，这些卵显示出绿色的膜层。不幸的是，福克兰群岛的另一种鸟Chionis alba (Gm.)的蛋是未知的，因为阿伯特船长(他写了一篇关于福克兰群岛鸟类(朱鹭18)的文章)没有得到它，而且海豹捕猎者向他所做的关于蛋是白色的陈述，一定是值得怀疑的。第一批卵是在12月23日发现的，伊顿先生直到1月10日才发现，美国博物学家基德尔博士一定是搞错了。卵子的补充似乎是一个或两个，很少有三个。鸡蛋的平均尺寸是2.2英寸。X 1.5英寸夏普，槲寄生。这个品种的三十个卵呈现出显著的变化，一般的颜色是淡绿色或浅绿色。铺设工作似乎在12月初开始。平均尺寸为2英寸。1·4英寸
{"title":"Eggs","authors":"H. Saunders","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1879.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1879.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Chionis minor, Hartl. (Lesser Sheathbill.) The general character of 19 eggs is a dirty white ground, splashed and blotched with brown. At the first glance there is a startling superficial resemblance in coloration, and sometimes in shape, to a very common dark form of the egg of the Razorbill ( Alca torda) ; other specimens are in shape and markings like boldly blotched examples of eggs of the (Edicnemus group of Plovers. On shining them to the light, the eggs show a green membranous lining. Unfortunately the egg of the other species Chionis alba (Gm.), of the Falkland Islands, is not known, for Capt. Abbott, who wrote an account of the birds of the Falklands (Ibis 18), did not obtain it, and the statements made to him by the sealers as to its egg being white, must be received with doubt. The first eggs were obtained on 23rd Dec., and in stating that none were found by Mr. Eaton until 10th January, the American Naturalist, Dr. Kidder, must have been labouring under an error. The complement of eggs seems to be one or two, and rarely three. The average dimensions of the egg are 2·2 in. X 1·5 in. Querquedula eatoni, Sharpe. Thirty eggs of this species present remarkable variation, the general hue being of a pale green or greenish buff. Laying appears to commence early in December. The average dimensions are 2 in. x l·4 in.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"60 1","pages":"163 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77894654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcusen has given a very good résumé of the zoological history of this family from the time of their first discovery by Hasselquist, a pupil of Linneus, up to the date of the publication of his paper by the St. Petersburg Academy, and as his treatise is easily accessible there is no occasion for my going into that part of the subject here. The external appearance of these Fishes gives no indication at all of anything extraordinary in the structure of the brain, and as the zoologist above referred to, did not pay much attention to anatomy, more than half a century elapsed before any steps were taken in that direction. One of the species at least was very well known to the ancient Egyptians, to whom it was a sacred animal, and its portrait is even now quite easily distinguishable on some of the monuments.
{"title":"XXI. Contributions to the anatomy of the central nervous system in vertebrate animals","authors":"A. Sanders","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1882.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1882.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Marcusen has given a very good résumé of the zoological history of this family from the time of their first discovery by Hasselquist, a pupil of Linneus, up to the date of the publication of his paper by the St. Petersburg Academy, and as his treatise is easily accessible there is no occasion for my going into that part of the subject here. The external appearance of these Fishes gives no indication at all of anything extraordinary in the structure of the brain, and as the zoologist above referred to, did not pay much attention to anatomy, more than half a century elapsed before any steps were taken in that direction. One of the species at least was very well known to the ancient Egyptians, to whom it was a sacred animal, and its portrait is even now quite easily distinguishable on some of the monuments.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"93 1","pages":"927 - 959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The great object of Pharmacology is to obtain such a knowledge of the relation between the chemical constitution and physiological action of bodies as to be able to predict with certainty what the action of any substance will be. One of the most important steps towards this object was made by Crum-Brown and Fraser, who showed that the introduction of methyl into the molecule of strychnia or thebaia changed the tetanising action of those poisons on the spinal cord into a paralyzing one on the ends of the motor nerves. As the organic alkaloids are compound ammonias, it seemed probable that a similar change in the chemical constitution of ammonia itself might produce a corresponding change in physiological action. This was tested by Crum-Brown and Fraser, who found that trimethyl-ammonium iodide possessed a paralyzing action similar to that of methyl strychnia or methyl thebaia, while ammonia itself has been shown by Funke and Deahna to have a tetanising action very much like that of strychnia. A number of other ammonium compounds have been shown to have a similar paralyzing action; but there is no complete investigation of the whole series, nor has the relation of the acid with which the base is combined been determined.
{"title":"VIII. Contributions to our knowledge of the connexion between chemical constitution, physiological action, and antagonism","authors":"T. Brunton, J. T. Cash","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1884.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1884.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The great object of Pharmacology is to obtain such a knowledge of the relation between the chemical constitution and physiological action of bodies as to be able to predict with certainty what the action of any substance will be. One of the most important steps towards this object was made by Crum-Brown and Fraser, who showed that the introduction of methyl into the molecule of strychnia or thebaia changed the tetanising action of those poisons on the spinal cord into a paralyzing one on the ends of the motor nerves. As the organic alkaloids are compound ammonias, it seemed probable that a similar change in the chemical constitution of ammonia itself might produce a corresponding change in physiological action. This was tested by Crum-Brown and Fraser, who found that trimethyl-ammonium iodide possessed a paralyzing action similar to that of methyl strychnia or methyl thebaia, while ammonia itself has been shown by Funke and Deahna to have a tetanising action very much like that of strychnia. A number of other ammonium compounds have been shown to have a similar paralyzing action; but there is no complete investigation of the whole series, nor has the relation of the acid with which the base is combined been determined.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"41 1","pages":"197 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90194747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance the Greeks attached to pictures, the estimation in which their great painters were held, the high prices paid for their most celebrated productions, and the emulation existing between different states with regard to the possession of them, prove that painting was one of the arts most cultivated in ancient Greece; the mutilated remains of the Greek statues, notwithstanding the efforts of modern artists during three centuries of civilization, are still contemplated as the models of perfection in sculpture, and we have no reason for supposing an inferior degree of excellence in the sister art, amongst a people to whom genius and taste were a kind of birthright, and who possessed a perception, which seemed almost instinctive, of the dignified, the beautiful, and the sublime. The works of the great masters of Greece are unfortunately entirely lost. They disappeared from their native country during the wars waged by the Romans with the successors of Alexander, and the later Greek republics; and were destroyed either by accident, by time, or by barbarian conquerors at the period of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire.
{"title":"VIII. Some experiments and observations on the colours used in painting by the ancients","authors":"H. Davy","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1815.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1815.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The importance the Greeks attached to pictures, the estimation in which their great painters were held, the high prices paid for their most celebrated productions, and the emulation existing between different states with regard to the possession of them, prove that painting was one of the arts most cultivated in ancient Greece; the mutilated remains of the Greek statues, notwithstanding the efforts of modern artists during three centuries of civilization, are still contemplated as the models of perfection in sculpture, and we have no reason for supposing an inferior degree of excellence in the sister art, amongst a people to whom genius and taste were a kind of birthright, and who possessed a perception, which seemed almost instinctive, of the dignified, the beautiful, and the sublime. The works of the great masters of Greece are unfortunately entirely lost. They disappeared from their native country during the wars waged by the Romans with the successors of Alexander, and the later Greek republics; and were destroyed either by accident, by time, or by barbarian conquerors at the period of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"52 3 1","pages":"124 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83622918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C L F D我AE FRBan < e的卢修斯IFS ,特此在石头feem推迟与正确的数量在每个Vacu ofLetters fupplied——密度,这我理解是正确的,而是becauie ' tis现在每年fmcet communicatedthe名声* m genious绅士,Ffew-Caftfe礁博士(他是Perfon courteoufly零头布料我的副本)和我听到不是由任何difapproved Gritick在*的地方
{"title":"VII. Of the manner of the generation of eels","authors":"Benjamin Allen","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1695.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1695.0119","url":null,"abstract":"C L A F D I AE FRBan<e, Hoc Lucius A IFS and hereby the Defers in the Stone feem to be fupplied with a right Number ofLetters in each Vacu ity, and this I the rather apprehend to be right, becauie ’tis now a Year fmcet communicatedthe fame to* an m genious Gentleman, Dr. Cay of Ffew-Caftfe (who was the Perfon that courteoufly fent me the Copies of both) and I hear not it is difapproved by any Gritick upon the Place *","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"12 1","pages":"664 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73568389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the wall of the capitol is a fair stone of white Marble, of the length of 8 foot 5 inches English, and of the breadth of 1 Foot 9 inches and a half; upon which are inscrib'd the Standards of several Measures with these respective Inscriptons.
{"title":"II. An account of the standard measures preserved in the capitol at Rome","authors":"M. Folkes","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1735.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1735.0053","url":null,"abstract":"In the wall of the capitol is a fair stone of white Marble, of the length of 8 foot 5 inches English, and of the breadth of 1 Foot 9 inches and a half; upon which are inscrib'd the Standards of several Measures with these respective Inscriptons.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"71 1","pages":"262 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74132497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
jP. & It is now feveral years fince I firft obferv’d the very confiderable expanfion of the femimetallic fubftance call’d zink, [pelter, or tootanag; and propos’d it as more fit for the purpofe of making compound pendulums, and me talline thermometers, than brafs 5 as its expan fion feem’d confiderably greater, and its confid ence, when gently hammer’d, not much inferior. W ith the fame view I have made trial of feveral other metallic compofition*, befides what is above fet dow n; but they all prov’d much inferior to zink in expanfion, and mod of them in con fidence. It feems, that metals obferve a quite different pro portion o f expanfion in a fluid, to what they do in a folid ftate: For regulus of antimony feem’d to fhrink in fixing, after being melted, confider ably more than zink.
{"title":"LXXX. A remark concerning the sex of holly","authors":"J. Martyn","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1753.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1753.0080","url":null,"abstract":"jP. & It is now feveral years fince I firft obferv’d the very confiderable expanfion of the femimetallic fubftance call’d zink, [pelter, or tootanag; and propos’d it as more fit for the purpofe of making compound pendulums, and me talline thermometers, than brafs 5 as its expan fion feem’d confiderably greater, and its confid ence, when gently hammer’d, not much inferior. W ith the fame view I have made trial of feveral other metallic compofition*, befides what is above fet dow n; but they all prov’d much inferior to zink in expanfion, and mod of them in con fidence. It feems, that metals obferve a quite different pro portion o f expanfion in a fluid, to what they do in a folid ftate: For regulus of antimony feem’d to fhrink in fixing, after being melted, confider ably more than zink.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"23 1","pages":"613 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74133798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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