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XIX. Observations on the barometer and thermometer, and account of the whole rain in every month of the year 1767, taken at the Royal Hospital near Plymouth 第十九。1767年在普利茅斯附近的皇家医院对气压计和温度计的观察,以及对一年中每个月的全部雨量的记录
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1768.0019
W. Farr
The thermometer within doors is kept in an airy open stair case, and not affected by any fire in the house; that without was in a shed under the North wall. From the 2d to the 7th of February was a frost, and since that time incessant rain to March 1.
门内的温度计放在一个通风的敞开的楼梯箱里,不受房子里任何火的影响;外面的房子在北墙下的一个棚子里。从2月2日到7日是霜冻,从那时起一直下雨到3月1日。
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引用次数: 0
XL. Observations on the origin and use of the lymphatic vessels of animals: being an extract from the Gulstonian lectures, read in the theatre of the College of Physicians of London, in June 1755 XL。对动物淋巴管的起源和使用的观察:摘自1755年6月在伦敦内科医学院剧院宣读的古斯顿讲座
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1757.0041
Mark Akenside
m monftrofa hose bioa corpora duplici mente ac fpi~ « fitu regantur. Nam five cor faciamus, five cere« brum ftatuamus animi fedem, ex utrolibet idem « nulla negotio evincitur. Adde tot adtiones multi<{ pi lees, cogitationes rerum diver fas, lenla animi varia, “ q u i , ut aliud nihil fit, ifthuc pariter nos docent. “ Unum praecipue hie admirandum venit, quod commemorare fuperius memoria excidit poft ** prodigiofum videlicet hunc difficilemque partum u natos elle matri alios liberos, ex eodem patre pro« creates, fanos et valentes, corpore, fpecie ac forma *< integros, qui monffri nihil admixtum habeant.
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引用次数: 0
VIII. An account of a book.- Museo de piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte e Germania, &c. di Don Paolo Boccone, &c. with additional remarks by Mr. John Ray, F. R. S
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1698.0101
Seen of it, though I may believe it innocent* yot I ana lure ’tis not infallible. 1 p i Fig.6^) 8, 9, id, n , i i , Shew Eight feveral Inftrutnetits made fergating this Nails* at which, in Cbina, the People are very curious and dextrous. Thefe In­ terments are each of them fliaped like a Ghizzel. Fig. 14. reprefents a kind of Inftrutnent, called, in China, a Cham ping Inftrument, Its ufe is to be rub’d V or rouiy all over the MufcuJar Flelh. It is like an Horfes Gurricomb, and is faid to beufed after the lame man­ ner, and for the fame Purpofes that they are made ufe of . for Horles. : •
看到它,虽然我可能相信它是无辜的,但我知道它不是绝对可靠的。1 p i Fig.6^) 8, 9, id, n, i, i, i,显示8个狂热的互联网制造了这个钉子*,在中国,人们非常好奇和灵巧。这些公寓的每一间都像一幅画。图14所示。它代表了一种渗透,在中国被称为“抹平器”,它的用途是在抹平器上擦上一遍或一遍。它就像一个马的坟墓,据说是模仿瘸子的方式,为了名声,他们被利用了。Horles。:•
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引用次数: 0
Meteorological journal,1818 气象日报,1818年
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1819.0003
Meteorological Journal for January, 1818.
1818年1月气象杂志。
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引用次数: 0
XXXVI. A view of the relation between the celebrated Dr. Halley's Tables, and the notions of Mr. De Buffon, for establishing a rule for the probable duration of the life of man 38。关于著名的哈雷博士的表格与德·布丰先生关于建立人类寿命的大概规律的观点之间的关系的看法
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1753.0036
William Kersseboom
Read May 31, § j , 'A tWYf ituation in life not perI7S3‘ mitting me to look over the works of the learned, was the reafon, why I was not one of the firft, who perufed the General and cular Natural HiJtoryy &c,of Mr. de Buffon. How­ ever a little interval of leifure allowing me to look into it, I am at a ftand to find myfelf mention’d, in the fame breath with tbs celebrated Dr. Halley and others, to receive our condemnation on account or the tables for determining the degrees of probability of the duration of human life: and as this paffage is the occafion of my remarks, I will begin by citing it intirely here:
请读5月31日§j,“人生的一种特殊情况”,这是我没有第一批阅读布冯先生的《自然史论》的原因。尽管我有一段短暂的闲暇时间,让我仔细研究一下,但我常常发现,在人们的议论中,我和著名的哈雷博士以及其他一些人一起被人提起,因为那些决定人类寿命的概率等级的表格而受到我们的谴责。由于这一段是我发表评论的场合,我就在这里把它完整地引用一遍:
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引用次数: 0
VII. On the parallax of α. Lyræ 7关于α的视差。层æ
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1823.0009
J. Pond
My former experiments with a fixed telescope upon α Cygni have always appeared to me so decisive, as to render hopeless any farther attempt to discover its parallax; but respecting that of α Lyræ, my observations with the mural circle were not equally satisfactory; for among the observations of this star we may find occasional discordances that admit of being interpreted in favour of parallax. And although I have been inclined myself to attribute these irregularities to other causes, yet their existence made it desirable to institute new experiments. The method with a fixed telescope, which I had contrived for α Cygni, could not here, I found, be applied successfully; there being no star of nearly the same altitude but opposite in right ascension sufficiently bright to be observed throughout the year, a circumstance quite essential to that mode of observation. I have employed therefore the mural circle to investigate, 1st, the difference of parallax between γ Draconis and α Lyræ: 2dly, the absolute parallax of the latter star; the Dublin observations indicating, it may be remembered, that the parallax of γ Draconis is insensible, but that of α Lyræ a very perceptible quantity. The processes employed in these two investigations being very different, I shall consider each of them separately. It is impossible to conceive a more simple process than that of determining with the mural circle the difference of polar distance between these stars. From their proximity in right ascension, the operation is the same as that of measuring the angular distance of two terrestrial objects, about 12° asunder, with a theodolite surrounded by six microscopes: for the mural circle, in principle, exactly resembles a vertical theodolite; with this difference, that its microscopes, instead of being placed on a frame-work of brass, are securely fixed on a stone pier. Now I find that the angular distance thus measured in winter does not differ one-tenth of a second from the same angular distance measured in summer; and therefore, that the difference of parallax between the two stars is absolutely a quantity too small to be measured. In this investigation, it is to be considered that any constant error in the determination of the absolute polar distances has nothing to do with the question, it being the difference only of those distances at opposite seasons that is required. To render all errors throughout the whole course of observation as constant as possible, the telescope remained fixed to the same part of the limb of the instrument, and the utmost pains were taken to reduce the temperature in the Observatory to that of the outer air; the difference throughout the year not exceeding one degree. The winter of 1821-1822 was extremely favourable for astronomical observation; there were an unusual number of fine nights, and the weather was so mild and uniform, that we were enabled to equalize the temperature, so as to make it of no importance whether the observations were
我以前用固定望远镜对天鹅座α星进行的实验,在我看来总是如此决定性,以致于任何进一步发现其视差的尝试都是无望的;但是说到天琴座α星,我对壁画圈的观察并不同样令人满意;因为在对这颗恒星的观察中,我们可能会发现偶尔的不一致,这些不一致可以解释为视差。虽然我自己倾向于把这些反常现象归因于其他原因,但它们的存在使人们有必要进行新的实验。我发现,我为天鹅座α星设计的固定望远镜的方法,在这里不能成功地应用;没有一颗在同一高度但在赤经方向相反的恒星足够明亮,可以全年观测到,这对这种观测方式来说是非常必要的。因此,我用壁画圆来研究:第一,天龙座γ星和天琴座α星的视差差异;第二,天琴座α星的绝对视差;也许还记得,都柏林的观测表明,天龙座γ星的视差是不明显的,而天琴座α星的视差是非常明显的。这两项调查所采用的程序非常不同,我将分别加以考虑。用壁画圆来测定这两颗恒星之间的极距差,是不可能想象出比这更简单的方法了。从它们在赤经上的距离来看,其操作与测量两个地面物体的角距离相同,相距约12°,用一个经纬仪包围6台显微镜:因为壁画圆原则上完全类似于一个垂直的经纬仪;不同之处在于,它的显微镜不是放在黄铜框架上,而是牢固地固定在石墩上。现在我发现,在冬天这样测得的角距离与在夏天测得的同样的角距离相差不了十分之一秒;因此,两颗恒星之间的视差之差绝对是一个小到无法测量的量。在这项研究中,应该认为,在确定绝对极距时的任何恒定误差都与这个问题无关,所需要的只是相反季节的这些距离的差异。为了使整个观测过程中的所有误差尽可能恒定,望远镜始终固定在仪器臂的同一部分,并尽最大努力将天文台的温度降低到与外部空气相同的温度;全年温差不超过一度。1821年至1822年的冬天对天文观测极为有利;天气晴朗的夜晚多得不寻常,天气又温和又均匀,所以我们可以使温度相等,这样,用外面的温度计还是用里面的温度计来计算温度就不重要了;在很大程度上,正是由于这种情况,我才把不同季节的观测结果完全一致归因于此。
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引用次数: 0
IV. An account of some magnetical experiments and observations 对一些磁性实验和观察的叙述
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1704.0097
W. Derham
Having lately invented an Azimuth-Compass, as I was preparing it for observing the Magnetic Variation, I took occasion, in some leisure hours, to try divers Magnetick Experiments for my diversion; and by that means happened upon this odd Phænomenon.
我最近发明了一个方位角罗盘,准备用它来观察地磁变化。在闲暇的时候,我找机会做了各种各样的磁力学实验来消遣。就这样,他碰到了这个奇怪的phæ现象。
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引用次数: 0
V. Experiments to prove the existence of a fluid in the nerves 证明神经中存在液体的实验
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1731.0057
Alexander Stuart
H E Exiftence of a Fluid in the Nerves (commonly called the Animal ) has been doubted of by many ; and notwithftanding Experiments made by Ligatures upon the , continues to be controverted by fome. This induced me to make the following Experiments, which, I hope, may help to fet that Dodrine, which is of fo much Confequence in the Animal QEconomy, and Pra&ice of Phyfick, in a clearer Light than I think it has hitherto appeared in.
神经(通常称为动物)中液体的存在一直受到许多人的怀疑;尽管利加特斯在地球上所做的实验,仍然受到人们的争议。这促使我做了以下的实验,我希望这些实验可以帮助我更清楚地认识到,在动物经济学和菲利克的实践中有着重要影响的多德林,比我认为它迄今为止所表现出来的更清楚。
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引用次数: 0
IV. An account of the late eruption of Mount Vesuvius 维苏威火山后期喷发的记述
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1795.0006
W. Hamilton
Sir, Every day produces some new publication relative to the late tremendous eruption of mount Vesuvius, so that the various phaenomena that attended it will be found on record in either one or other of these publications, and are not in that danger of being passed over and forgotten, as they were formerly, when the study of natural history was either totally neglected, or treated of in a manner very unworthy of the great Author of nature. I am sorry to say, that even so late as in the accounts of the earthquakes in Calabria in 1783, printed at Naples, nature is taxed with being malevolent, and bent upon destruction. In a printed account of another great eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1631, by Antonio Santorelli, doctor of medicine, and professor of natural philosophy in the university of Naples, and at the head of the fourth chapter of his book, are these words: Se questo incendio sia opera de' demonii? Whether this eruption be the work of devils? The account of an eruption of Vesuvius in 1737, published at Naples by Doctor Serao, is of a very different cast, and does great honour to his memory. All great eruptions of volcanoes must naturally produce nearly the same phenomena, and in Serao's book almost all the phenomena we have been witness to during the late eruption of Vesuvius, are there admirably described, and well accounted for. The classical accounts of the eruption of Vesuvius, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii, and many of the existing printed accounts of its great eruption in 1631 (although the latter are mixed with puerilities) might pass for an account of the late eruption by only changing the date, and omitting that circumstance of the retreat of the sea from the coast, which happened in both those great eruptions, and not in this; and I might content myself by referring to those accounts, and assuring you at the same time, that the late eruption, after those two, appears to have been the most violent recorded by history, and infinitely more alarming than either the eruption of 1767, or that of 1779, of both of which I had the honour of giving a particular account to the Royal Society. However, I think it my duty rather to hazard being guilty of repetition than to neglect the giving you every satisfaction in my power, relative to the late formidable operation of nature.
先生,每天都有一些关于维苏威火山最近的大爆发的新出版物,因此,与之相关的各种现象将在这些出版物中找到记录,而不会有被忽视和遗忘的危险,就像以前一样,当自然历史的研究被完全忽视,或者以一种与大自然的伟大作者非常不符的方式对待。我很遗憾地说,即使是在那不勒斯出版的1783年卡拉布里亚地震的记载中,大自然也被认为是恶毒的,一心想要毁灭。1631年,那不勒斯大学的医学博士兼自然哲学教授安东尼奥·圣托雷里(Antonio Santorelli)在一篇关于维苏威火山另一次大喷发的印刷文章中,在他的书的第四章的开头有这样一句话:Se questo incendio sia opera de' demonii?这次喷发是魔鬼所为吗?Serao博士在那不勒斯发表的关于1737年维苏威火山喷发的记录,是一个非常不同的版本,对他的记忆是极大的尊重。所有火山的大爆发必然会自然地产生几乎相同的现象,在Serao的书中,几乎所有我们在维苏威火山喷发后期所目睹的现象,都有令人钦佩的描述,并得到了很好的解释。维苏威火山爆发摧毁了赫库兰尼姆和庞贝的城镇,经典的描述和许多现存的关于1631年它的大爆发的印刷描述(尽管后者是混合的)可能被认为是一个晚期爆发的描述,只是改变了日期,省略了海洋从海岸撤退的情况,这发生在两次大爆发中,而不是在这次;我不妨参考一下这些记载,同时向您保证,在那两次之后,最近的一次喷发,似乎是历史上记载的最猛烈的一次,比1767年的喷发和1779年的喷发都要可怕得多,这两次喷发我都有幸在皇家学会上作过详细的报告。然而,我认为我的责任是冒着重复的危险,而不是忽视我所能给予你的一切满足,相对于最近大自然的可怕作用。
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引用次数: 3
Meteorological journal, 1817 气象杂志,1817年
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1818.0002
Meteorological Journal for January, 1817.
1817年1月气象杂志。
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引用次数: 0
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
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