PROM the table of the number of males and females baptized in different places it appears to, that the propor tion of males to females baptized is nearly as 13 to 12, agreeable to the calculation of Mr. derham; but the fucceeding ones drew, the number of females alive conliderably exceed the number of males, in a variety oi places; and that the widows are almoft double the num ber of widowers.
{"title":"VIII. A supplement to a paper, entitled, Observations on the Population of Manchester","authors":"T. Percival","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1776.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1776.0009","url":null,"abstract":"PROM the table of the number of males and females baptized in different places it appears to, that the propor tion of males to females baptized is nearly as 13 to 12, agreeable to the calculation of Mr. derham; but the fucceeding ones drew, the number of females alive conliderably exceed the number of males, in a variety oi places; and that the widows are almoft double the num ber of widowers.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"72 1","pages":"160 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77167601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T he urinary organs of the amphibia have been imperfectly described by authors; but I am not aware that any account has hitherto been published of the urinary secretion of any of this class of animals. Since I have been in Ceylon, both subjects have excited my attention, and on both I have had favourable opportunities of gratifying my curiosity. It may not be uninteresting to the Society, to know the results of my observations. I shall briefly state them, confined as they are at present to a few animals of four natural families.
{"title":"XV. On the urinary organs and secretions of some of the amphibia. By John Davy, M. D. F. R. S. Communicated by the Society for the Improvement of Animal Chemistry","authors":"J. Davy","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1818.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1818.0017","url":null,"abstract":"T he urinary organs of the amphibia have been imperfectly described by authors; but I am not aware that any account has hitherto been published of the urinary secretion of any of this class of animals. Since I have been in Ceylon, both subjects have excited my attention, and on both I have had favourable opportunities of gratifying my curiosity. It may not be uninteresting to the Society, to know the results of my observations. I shall briefly state them, confined as they are at present to a few animals of four natural families.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"293 1","pages":"303 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77168705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disquisitionem istam, Vir CIarissime, utut rudem & impersectam, acri tamen ac perspicaci tuo Judicio multis nominibus non illibenter permitto.
{"title":"II. De potentiâ cordis","authors":"Jacobo Jurin, Richardo Mead","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1717.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1717.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Disquisitionem istam, Vir CIarissime, utut rudem & impersectam, acri tamen ac perspicaci tuo Judicio multis nominibus non illibenter permitto.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"46 4 1","pages":"863 - 872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82435166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following errata in my former paper have arisen from my having omitted to add the initial 32° in the reduction of the Centigrade scale to that of Fahrenheit. Page 266, line 24, for 360°, read 392°. — 266, — 26, — 360°, — 392°. — 266, — 27, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 3, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 5, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 23, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 25, — 360°, — 392°.
{"title":"Errata in the former paper, Phil. Trans. 1830","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1831.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1831.0026","url":null,"abstract":"The following errata in my former paper have arisen from my having omitted to add the initial 32° in the reduction of the Centigrade scale to that of Fahrenheit. Page 266, line 24, for 360°, read 392°. — 266, — 26, — 360°, — 392°. — 266, — 27, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 3, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 5, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 23, — 360°, — 392°. — 269, — 25, — 360°, — 392°.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"19 1","pages":"458 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82537182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transit of Venus over the Sun, being a very curious and important phaenomenon, engaged the attention of America as well as Europe. His excellency Francis Bernard, Esq; governor of the Massachusetts-Bay, a gentleman who seizes every opportunity of advancing the sciences, was desirous to have an observation of it in this quarter of the world; and as Newfoundland was the only British plantation where one could be had, proposed to the General Assembly at Boston to make provision for that purpose, which they readily agreed to do. In consequence whereof, I imbarked on board a vessel in the service of the government, taking with me for assistants two young gentlemen my pupils; and such astronomical instruments out of the college apparatus as were necessary. These were, an excellent clock, hadley's octant with nonius divisions; a refracting telescope with wires at half right angles, for taking differences of right asscope, adjusted by cross levels, and having vertical and horizontal wires, for taking correspondent altitudes; or differences of altitudes and azimuths.
{"title":"L. Observation of the transit of Venus, June 6, 1761, at St. John's Newfoundland","authors":"John Winthrop","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1764.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1764.0048","url":null,"abstract":"The transit of Venus over the Sun, being a very curious and important phaenomenon, engaged the attention of America as well as Europe. His excellency Francis Bernard, Esq; governor of the Massachusetts-Bay, a gentleman who seizes every opportunity of advancing the sciences, was desirous to have an observation of it in this quarter of the world; and as Newfoundland was the only British plantation where one could be had, proposed to the General Assembly at Boston to make provision for that purpose, which they readily agreed to do. In consequence whereof, I imbarked on board a vessel in the service of the government, taking with me for assistants two young gentlemen my pupils; and such astronomical instruments out of the college apparatus as were necessary. These were, an excellent clock, hadley's octant with nonius divisions; a refracting telescope with wires at half right angles, for taking differences of right asscope, adjusted by cross levels, and having vertical and horizontal wires, for taking correspondent altitudes; or differences of altitudes and azimuths.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"27 1","pages":"279 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81489982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I SUBJOIN some further developments in the Theory of the Moon, which I have thought it advisable to give at length, in order to save the trouble of the calculator and to avoid the danger of mistake, although they may be ob tained with great readiness and facility by means of the Table which I have given for the purpose. While on the one hand it seems desirable to introduce into the science of Physical Astronomy a greater degree of uniformity, by bringing to per fection a Theory of the Moon, founded on the integration of the equations which are used in the planetary theory, it seems also no less important to complete in the latter the method hitherto applied solely to the periodic in equalities. Hitherto those terms in the disturbing function which give rise to the secular inequalities have been detached, and the stability of the system has been inferred by means of the integration of certain equations, which are linear when the higher powers of the eccentricities are neglected, and from consi derations founded on the variation of the elliptic constants. The stability of the system may, I think, also be inferred from the expres sions which result at once from the direct integration of the differential equa tions. In fact, in order that the system may be stable, it is necessary that none of the angles under the sign sine or cosine be imaginary, which terms would then be converted into exponentials, and be subject to indefinite in crease. In the lunar theory, the arbitrary quantities being determined with that view, according to the method here given, the angles which are intro duced may be reduced to the difference of the mean motions of the sun and moon, their mean anomalies and the argument of the moon’s latitude *.
{"title":"XVII. Researches in physical astronomy","authors":"J. Lubbock","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1832.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1832.0018","url":null,"abstract":"I SUBJOIN some further developments in the Theory of the Moon, which I have thought it advisable to give at length, in order to save the trouble of the calculator and to avoid the danger of mistake, although they may be ob tained with great readiness and facility by means of the Table which I have given for the purpose. While on the one hand it seems desirable to introduce into the science of Physical Astronomy a greater degree of uniformity, by bringing to per fection a Theory of the Moon, founded on the integration of the equations which are used in the planetary theory, it seems also no less important to complete in the latter the method hitherto applied solely to the periodic in equalities. Hitherto those terms in the disturbing function which give rise to the secular inequalities have been detached, and the stability of the system has been inferred by means of the integration of certain equations, which are linear when the higher powers of the eccentricities are neglected, and from consi derations founded on the variation of the elliptic constants. The stability of the system may, I think, also be inferred from the expres sions which result at once from the direct integration of the differential equa tions. In fact, in order that the system may be stable, it is necessary that none of the angles under the sign sine or cosine be imaginary, which terms would then be converted into exponentials, and be subject to indefinite in crease. In the lunar theory, the arbitrary quantities being determined with that view, according to the method here given, the angles which are intro duced may be reduced to the difference of the mean motions of the sun and moon, their mean anomalies and the argument of the moon’s latitude *.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"17 1","pages":"361 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Sir, On Wednesday last, July 26, about five oʼclock in the afternoon, whilst I was sitting in my dining-room at this place, which is situated upon the Parade, close to the sea shore, nearly fronting the south, my attention was excited by a great number of people running down to the sea side. Upon inquiring the reason, I was informed that the coast of France was plainly to be distinguished with the naked eye. I immediately went down to the shore, and was surprised to find that, even without the assistance of a telescope, I could very plainly see the cliffs on the opposite coast; which, at the nearest part, are between forty and fifty miles distant, and are not to be discerned, from that low situation, by the aid of the best glasses. They appeared to be only a few miles off, and seemed to extend for some leagues along the coast. I pursued my walk along the shore to the eastward, close to the waterʼs edge, conversing with the sailors and fishermen upon the subject. They, at first, could not be persuaded of the reality of the appearance; but they soon became so thoroughly convinced, by the cliffs gradually appearing more elevated, and approaching nearer, as it were, that they pointed out, and named to me, the different places they had been accustomed to visit; such as, the Bay, the Old Head or Man, the Windmill, &c. at Boulogne; St. Vallery, and other places on the coast of Picardy; which they afterwards confirmed, when they viewed them through their telescopes. Their observations were, that the places appeared as near as if they were sailing, at a small distance, into the harbours. Having indulged my curiosity upon the shore for near an hour, during which the cliffs appeared to be at some times more bright and near, at others more faint and at a greater distance, but never out of sight, I went upon the eastern cliff or hill, which is of a very considerable height, when a most beautiful scene presented itself to my view; for I could at once see Dengeness, Dover cliffs, and the French coast, all along from Calais, Boulogne, &c. to St. Vallery; and, as some of the fishermen affirmed, as far to the westward even as Dieppe. By the telescope, the French fishing-boats were plainly to be seen at anchor; and the different colours of the land upon the heights, together with the buildings, were perfectly discernible. This curious phenomenon continued in the highest splendour till past eight o’clock, (although a black cloud totally obscured the face of the sun for some time,) when it gradually vanished.
{"title":"XIV. Account of a singular instance of atmospherical refraction","authors":"W. Latham","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1798.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1798.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Sir, On Wednesday last, July 26, about five oʼclock in the afternoon, whilst I was sitting in my dining-room at this place, which is situated upon the Parade, close to the sea shore, nearly fronting the south, my attention was excited by a great number of people running down to the sea side. Upon inquiring the reason, I was informed that the coast of France was plainly to be distinguished with the naked eye. I immediately went down to the shore, and was surprised to find that, even without the assistance of a telescope, I could very plainly see the cliffs on the opposite coast; which, at the nearest part, are between forty and fifty miles distant, and are not to be discerned, from that low situation, by the aid of the best glasses. They appeared to be only a few miles off, and seemed to extend for some leagues along the coast. I pursued my walk along the shore to the eastward, close to the waterʼs edge, conversing with the sailors and fishermen upon the subject. They, at first, could not be persuaded of the reality of the appearance; but they soon became so thoroughly convinced, by the cliffs gradually appearing more elevated, and approaching nearer, as it were, that they pointed out, and named to me, the different places they had been accustomed to visit; such as, the Bay, the Old Head or Man, the Windmill, &c. at Boulogne; St. Vallery, and other places on the coast of Picardy; which they afterwards confirmed, when they viewed them through their telescopes. Their observations were, that the places appeared as near as if they were sailing, at a small distance, into the harbours. Having indulged my curiosity upon the shore for near an hour, during which the cliffs appeared to be at some times more bright and near, at others more faint and at a greater distance, but never out of sight, I went upon the eastern cliff or hill, which is of a very considerable height, when a most beautiful scene presented itself to my view; for I could at once see Dengeness, Dover cliffs, and the French coast, all along from Calais, Boulogne, &c. to St. Vallery; and, as some of the fishermen affirmed, as far to the westward even as Dieppe. By the telescope, the French fishing-boats were plainly to be seen at anchor; and the different colours of the land upon the heights, together with the buildings, were perfectly discernible. This curious phenomenon continued in the highest splendour till past eight o’clock, (although a black cloud totally obscured the face of the sun for some time,) when it gradually vanished.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"67 1","pages":"357 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T h e progress of chemical science depends not only on the acquisition of new facts, but on the accurate establishment, and just valuation, of those we already possess: for its general principles will otherwise be liable to frequent subversions; and the mutability of its doctrines will but ill accord with the unvaried order of nature. Impressed with this conviction, I have been in duced to examine a late attempt to withdraw from its rank among the elementary bodies, one of the most interesting objects of chemistry. The inferences respecting the composition of char coal, deduced by Dr. A u s t i n from his experiments on the heavy inflammable air,* lead to changes so numerous in our explanations of natural phaenomena, that they ought not to be admitted without the strictest scrutiny of the reasoning of this philosopher, and an attentive repetition of the experi ments themselves. In the former, sources of fallacy may, I think, be easily detected ; and in the latter, there is reason to suspect that Dr. A u s t i n has been misled by inattention to some collateral circumstances. Several chemists, however, of dis tinguished rank have expressed themselves satisfied with the
{"title":"XVIII. Experiments on carbonated hydrogenous gas; with a view to determine whether carbon be a simple or a compound substance","authors":"W. Henry","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1797.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1797.0020","url":null,"abstract":"T h e progress of chemical science depends not only on the acquisition of new facts, but on the accurate establishment, and just valuation, of those we already possess: for its general principles will otherwise be liable to frequent subversions; and the mutability of its doctrines will but ill accord with the unvaried order of nature. Impressed with this conviction, I have been in duced to examine a late attempt to withdraw from its rank among the elementary bodies, one of the most interesting objects of chemistry. The inferences respecting the composition of char coal, deduced by Dr. A u s t i n from his experiments on the heavy inflammable air,* lead to changes so numerous in our explanations of natural phaenomena, that they ought not to be admitted without the strictest scrutiny of the reasoning of this philosopher, and an attentive repetition of the experi ments themselves. In the former, sources of fallacy may, I think, be easily detected ; and in the latter, there is reason to suspect that Dr. A u s t i n has been misled by inattention to some collateral circumstances. Several chemists, however, of dis tinguished rank have expressed themselves satisfied with the","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"107 1","pages":"401 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78779780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ltcophron's cassandra is the only work that remains to us, out of the many Volumes of that Author: Tis a Poem the most intricate and obscure of any, that has ever appear’d in the Greek, or other Languages; but whose usefulness does sufficiently compensate for its Obscurity.
{"title":"IV. Account of a book. Lycphronis Chalcidensis Alexandra, cum Græcis isacii Tzetzis commentariis. Accedunt versiones, variantes Lectiones, Emendationes, Annotationes & indices necessarii. Curâ & operâ Johannis Potteri, A. M. & Collegii Lincolniensis Socii. Oxonii, e theatro Sheldoniano, An. Dom. 169","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1695.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1695.0085","url":null,"abstract":"Ltcophron's cassandra is the only work that remains to us, out of the many Volumes of that Author: Tis a Poem the most intricate and obscure of any, that has ever appear’d in the Greek, or other Languages; but whose usefulness does sufficiently compensate for its Obscurity.","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"24 1","pages":"522 - 524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76085401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meteorological journal, 1796","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rstl.1797.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1797.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20034,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76233245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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