Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2482879
Xinchao Fan , Bangfu Huang , Gaoyong Zi , Zhe Shi , Linjing Yang , Liubin Luo , Fu Yuan , Keying Zhu , Daoping Zhan
This article investigated the effects of crystallization temperature, stirring rate, and pH on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4) mother liquor containing calcium sulfate (CaSO4). This study measured the metastable zone width, average particle size, and coefficient of variation of (NH4)2SO4 after CaSO4 was added. CaSO4 was found to cover the active nucleation sites of (NH4)2SO4, leading to a widening of the metastable zone. The increase in crystallization temperature increased the rate of molecular thermal movement, resulting in a narrowing of the metastable zone. The increase in stirring rate accelerated solute diffusion; thus, the metastable zone width became narrower. When the stirring rate was 250 rpm, crystals with a large average size were obtained, which was conducive to solid-liquid separation. The decrease in pH caused the solution viscosity to increase; thus, the metastable zone width decreased. When the pH was 4.5, crystallization could be controlled within a better metastable zone width, and burst nucleation did not occur easily, which resulted in the formation of regular-shaped crystals.
{"title":"Effect of crystallization temperature, stirring rate, and pH on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate in the presence of calcium sulfate","authors":"Xinchao Fan , Bangfu Huang , Gaoyong Zi , Zhe Shi , Linjing Yang , Liubin Luo , Fu Yuan , Keying Zhu , Daoping Zhan","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2482879","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2482879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigated the effects of crystallization temperature, stirring rate, and pH on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) mother liquor containing calcium sulfate (CaSO<sub>4</sub>). This study measured the metastable zone width, average particle size, and coefficient of variation of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> after CaSO<sub>4</sub> was added. CaSO<sub>4</sub> was found to cover the active nucleation sites of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, leading to a widening of the metastable zone. The increase in crystallization temperature increased the rate of molecular thermal movement, resulting in a narrowing of the metastable zone. The increase in stirring rate accelerated solute diffusion; thus, the metastable zone width became narrower. When the stirring rate was 250 rpm, crystals with a large average size were obtained, which was conducive to solid-liquid separation. The decrease in pH caused the solution viscosity to increase; thus, the metastable zone width decreased. When the pH was 4.5, crystallization could be controlled within a better metastable zone width, and burst nucleation did not occur easily, which resulted in the formation of regular-shaped crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2477176
Sujoy Saha (Conceptualization Resources Writing – review & editing) , Shital Pawar (Methodology Writing – original draft) , Nutan Napte (Methodology Writing – original draft)
Sulfur (S) is the fourth vital nutrient for the growth, health and development of plants. It plays a key role in the structure of proteins, the function of enzymes, in photosynthesis and the defence of plants against stresses, diseases and pests, as also in the keeping quality of produce. A wide range of recently developed sulfur-containing agrochemicals, constitute a distinct class of chemical compounds with novel modes of action. Over 30% of today’s agrochemicals, mostly fungicides, acaricides, and insecticides, contain at least one sulfur atom in different forms. Sulfur has a plethora of attributes in enhancing crop productivity with a simultaneous robust role in protecting the quality produce. This article, is an attempt to summarize the available scattered literature on the aforementioned aspects and highlights. The objective of this review is to provide an update on recent findings related to these subjects, the versatile domains of sulfur, vis-à-vis the role of different input organizations in fostering the molecule against various diseases of crops.
{"title":"Sulfur: –redefining versatility in crop protection and production","authors":"Sujoy Saha (Conceptualization Resources Writing – review & editing) , Shital Pawar (Methodology Writing – original draft) , Nutan Napte (Methodology Writing – original draft)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2477176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2477176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur (S) is the fourth vital nutrient for the growth, health and development of plants. It plays a key role in the structure of proteins, the function of enzymes, in photosynthesis and the defence of plants against stresses, diseases and pests, as also in the keeping quality of produce. A wide range of recently developed sulfur-containing agrochemicals, constitute a distinct class of chemical compounds with novel modes of action. Over 30% of today’s agrochemicals, mostly fungicides, acaricides, and insecticides, contain at least one sulfur atom in different forms. Sulfur has a plethora of attributes in enhancing crop productivity with a simultaneous robust role in protecting the quality produce. This article, is an attempt to summarize the available scattered literature on the aforementioned aspects and highlights. The objective of this review is to provide an update on recent findings related to these subjects, the versatile domains of sulfur, vis-à-vis the role of different input organizations in fostering the molecule against various diseases of crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 181-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2467437
Pritesh Khobrekar , Sandesh Bugde
In this work, we describe a mild, affordable, and visible-light-mediated oxidative coupling of thiols to the corresponding disulfides utilizing a commercially available, metal-free photocatalyst. Herein, we demonstrate the use of fluorescein as a photoredox catalyst for visible-light-driven oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides. The use of ammonium thiocyanate as an oxidant, mild reaction conditions, and a wide range of substrates suggest that this technology is feasible for disulfide synthesis.
{"title":"Visible-light induced oxidation of thiols to disulfides using fluorescein as a metal free catalyst","authors":"Pritesh Khobrekar , Sandesh Bugde","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2467437","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2467437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we describe a mild, affordable, and visible-light-mediated oxidative coupling of thiols to the corresponding disulfides utilizing a commercially available, metal-free photocatalyst. Herein, we demonstrate the use of fluorescein as a photoredox catalyst for visible-light-driven oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides. The use of ammonium thiocyanate as an oxidant, mild reaction conditions, and a wide range of substrates suggest that this technology is feasible for disulfide synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2465796
Xiaohua Cai , Benyue Yao , Mei Han , Le Liang , Xiaohong Li , Yanli Leng
The excessive S2- can lead to a variety of serious physiological diseases, so the quickly detection of S2- is of great significance for human. In this paper, a new simple and easily probe Y was designed and synthesized with hydrazine and substituted salicylaldehyde. It can detect S2- with good performance in a highly water contain solution (DMSO/H2O, v/v = 1/9), both colorimetric and fluorescence spectroscopy have obvious changes after adding 50-folds of S2-, and other common fifteen anions have almost no influence in the detection. The detection limit and complexation constant were calculated using fluorescence titration data to be 3.88 μmol/L and 3.68×106 L/mol, respectively. Job’s plot experiment showed that the binding ratio of the host with S2- is 1:1. The NMR titration was employed to verify the recognition mechanism, three protons in two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one imine (-NH) are disappeared after adding excessive S2-, which shown that probe Y undergo a deprotonation process. Preliminary application experiments show that probe Y can detect S2- in water samples and soil.
{"title":"Synthesis of new phenolic-containing hydroxyacyl probe and its colorimetric fluorescence detection of S2-","authors":"Xiaohua Cai , Benyue Yao , Mei Han , Le Liang , Xiaohong Li , Yanli Leng","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2465796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2465796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive S<sup>2-</sup> can lead to a variety of serious physiological diseases, so the quickly detection of S<sup>2-</sup> is of great significance for human. In this paper, a new simple and easily probe <strong>Y</strong> was designed and synthesized with hydrazine and substituted salicylaldehyde. It can detect S<sup>2-</sup> with good performance in a highly water contain solution (DMSO/H<sub>2</sub>O, v/<em>v</em> = 1/9), both colorimetric and fluorescence spectroscopy have obvious changes after adding 50-folds of S<sup>2-</sup>, and other common fifteen anions have almost no influence in the detection. The detection limit and complexation constant were calculated using fluorescence titration data to be 3.88 μmol/L and 3.68×10<sup>6</sup> L/mol, respectively. Job’s plot experiment showed that the binding ratio of the host with S<sup>2-</sup> is <strong>1:1</strong>. The NMR titration was employed to verify the recognition mechanism, three protons in two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one imine (-NH) are disappeared after adding excessive S<sup>2-</sup>, which shown that probe <strong>Y</strong> undergo a deprotonation process. Preliminary application experiments show that probe <strong>Y</strong> can detect S<sup>2-</sup> in water samples and soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2467438
Shivani Jaiswal , Senthil Raja Ayyannan
Building upon our previous work, we investigated the impact of a methylene spacer on the dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition activity of 4-methylsulfonylphenyl semicarbazones by designing and synthesizing a set of extended semicarbazone analogs. The inhibition data demonstrated that several compounds had a good inhibitory activity against both FAAH and MAGL. Compound 15h, [1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino}acetohydrazide, exhibited a well-balanced FAAH and MAGL inhibition activity with IC50 values of 48 nM and 40 nM, respectively. The enzyme kinetics studies demonstrated that compound 15h inhibits FAAH and MAGL reversibly with noncompetitive and mixed inhibition mode, respectively. Moreover, these experimental results were also supported by molecular modeling and simulation studies. The dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor 15h, exhibited no cytotoxicity on human neuronal SH-SY5Y cell lines and showed significant neuroprotection in LPS-induced toxicity. Further, compound 15h showed potent analgesic activity and relieved oxidative stress in rats induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) surgery. Furthermore, compound 15h was non-hepatotoxic up to 2000 mg/kg (po). Overall, the present study identified compound 15h as a promising dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor and anti-nociceptive agent that merits further investigation.
{"title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of methylene spacer incorporated 4-methylsulfonyl phenyl semicarbazones as dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitors","authors":"Shivani Jaiswal , Senthil Raja Ayyannan","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2467438","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2467438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building upon our previous work, we investigated the impact of a methylene spacer on the dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition activity of 4-methylsulfonylphenyl semicarbazones by designing and synthesizing a set of extended semicarbazone analogs. The inhibition data demonstrated that several compounds had a good inhibitory activity against both FAAH and MAGL. Compound <strong>15h</strong>, [1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino}acetohydrazide, exhibited a well-balanced FAAH and MAGL inhibition activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 48 nM and 40 nM, respectively. The enzyme kinetics studies demonstrated that compound <strong>15h</strong> inhibits FAAH and MAGL reversibly with noncompetitive and mixed inhibition mode, respectively. Moreover, these experimental results were also supported by molecular modeling and simulation studies. The dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor <strong>15h</strong>, exhibited no cytotoxicity on human neuronal SH-SY5Y cell lines and showed significant neuroprotection in LPS-induced toxicity. Further, compound <strong>15h</strong> showed potent analgesic activity and relieved oxidative stress in rats induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) surgery. Furthermore, compound <strong>15h</strong> was non-hepatotoxic up to 2000 mg/kg (po). Overall, the present study identified compound <strong>15h</strong> as a promising dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor and anti-nociceptive agent that merits further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 274-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2473917
Ferid Yaccoubi , Haitham Elleuch , Eman S. Abou-Amra , Ahmed M. Hussein
A series of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) 1,3-diene adducts are obtained according to a new, simple and practical method under mild operating conditions. Indeed, the action of t-BuOK on the cyclic allylic phosphonates of MBH in THF at room temperature leads to the corresponding 1,3-dienes with high stereoselectivity and good yields. The two Z and E isomers are determined by examining the NMR spectra which reveal, that the E configuration isomer is highly predominant. Density functional theory (DFT) computational analyses of compounds 3f and 3 g were performed to figure out the molecular structures and topologies of the predicted more energetic compounds, using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31 G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO- LUMO, and MEP analyses were visualized with the help of the Gaussview program. Multiwfn software is used for electron localization function (ELF) and localized orbital locator (LOL). We docked the synthesized compounds 3a-3g and 3 m into the protein binding sites of cyclooxygenase-1 (PDB ID: 3KK6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (PDB ID: 1CX2) to examine the binding mechanism, non-bonding interactions, and binding affinity of the tested compounds, using the molecular operating environment (MOE) 2015 program. Swiss ADME web tool is used to determine the physicochemical properties of the compounds: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADME), and drug-likeness characteristics.
{"title":"A convenient method for synthesis of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) 1,3-diene adducts and their in silico physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking evaluation studies","authors":"Ferid Yaccoubi , Haitham Elleuch , Eman S. Abou-Amra , Ahmed M. Hussein","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2473917","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2473917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) 1,3-diene adducts are obtained according to a new, simple and practical method under mild operating conditions. Indeed, the action of <em>t-</em>BuOK on the cyclic allylic phosphonates of MBH in THF at room temperature leads to the corresponding 1,3-dienes with high stereoselectivity and good yields. The two <em>Z</em> and <em>E</em> isomers are determined by examining the NMR spectra which reveal, that the <em>E</em> configuration isomer is highly predominant. Density functional theory (DFT) computational analyses of compounds <strong>3f</strong> and <strong>3 g</strong> were performed to figure out the molecular structures and topologies of the predicted more energetic compounds, using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31 G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO- LUMO, and MEP analyses were visualized with the help of the Gaussview program. Multiwfn software is used for electron localization function (ELF) and localized orbital locator (LOL). We docked the synthesized compounds <strong>3a-3g</strong> and <strong>3 m</strong> into the protein binding sites of cyclooxygenase-1 (PDB ID: 3KK6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (PDB ID: 1CX2) to examine the binding mechanism, non-bonding interactions, and binding affinity of the tested compounds, using the molecular operating environment (MOE) 2015 program. Swiss ADME web tool is used to determine the physicochemical properties of the compounds: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADME), and drug-likeness characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 297-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2477186
Dmitry V. Moiseev (Conceptualization Formal analysis Investigation Visualization Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing)
Hypophosphorous (phosphinic) acid H2P(O)OH, due to the acid-promoted equilibrium with the trivalent tautomer – phosphonous acid HP(OH)2, participates in phospha-Mannich reactions with imine/iminium species, or their donors, to give a variety of mono- and bis-(α-aminoalkyl)phosphinic compounds (PO2,N-acetals). These reactions are more complex than those involving phosphines or secondary phosphine oxides, reviewed previously, and are commonly accompanied by several side-reactions, resulted from instability of H3PO2 and the presence of hypophosphite anion, a reductant. Unlike basic phosphines and neutral phosphine oxides, H3PO2 and its phospha-Mannich products can mimic carboxylic acids in biological processes and chemistry, and synthesis of phosphinic analogs of natural α-amino acids, used to design phosphinic pseudopeptides, is one of the major applications of H3PO2 and its synthons, such as phosphonites (RO)2PH (R = SiMe3, alkyl) and alkyl dialkoxymethylphosphinates (R’O)2CHP(O)(OR’)H. H3PO2 is a unique P-nucleophile that can produce relatively stable acetals with a P–H function, widely used for further derivatization. Phospha-Mannich reactions of H3PO2 also provide a variety of (α-aminoalkyl)phosphinic compounds, applied as flame-retardant or chelators of di- and tri-valent metal ions useful in metal-based (radio)pharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy.
次磷（磷酸）酸H2P(O)OH，由于酸促进与三价互变异构体-磷酸HP(OH)2的平衡，参与与亚胺/亚胺物种或它们的供体的磷酸-曼尼希反应，得到各种单-和双-（α-氨基烷基）磷酸化合物（PO2， n -缩醛）。这些反应比先前回顾的涉及磷化氢或二次磷化氢氧化物的反应更复杂，并且通常伴随着几种副反应，这是由H3PO2的不稳定性和亚磷酸阴离子（还原剂）的存在引起的。与碱性膦和中性膦氧化物不同，H3PO2及其磷酸-曼尼希产物在生物过程和化学中可以模拟羧酸，而合成天然α-氨基酸的磷酸类似物，用于设计磷酸假肽，是H3PO2及其合成子的主要应用之一，如膦酸盐（RO）2PH （R = SiMe3，烷基）和烷基二氧甲基膦酸盐（R ' O）2CHP(O)(OR ')H。H3PO2是一种独特的p -亲核试剂，可以生成相对稳定的具有P-H功能的缩醛，广泛用于进一步衍生化。H3PO2的Phospha-Mannich反应也提供了多种（α-氨基烷基）膦化合物，用作二价和三价金属离子的阻燃剂或螯合剂，用于金属基（放射性）成像和治疗药物。
{"title":"Phospha-Mannich reactions of hypophosphorous acid H3PO2","authors":"Dmitry V. Moiseev (Conceptualization Formal analysis Investigation Visualization Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2477186","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2477186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypophosphorous (phosphinic) acid H<sub>2</sub>P(O)OH, due to the acid-promoted equilibrium with the trivalent tautomer – phosphonous acid HP(OH)<sub>2</sub>, participates in phospha-Mannich reactions with imine/iminium species, or their donors, to give a variety of mono- and bis-(α-aminoalkyl)phosphinic compounds (PO<sub>2</sub>,N-acetals). These reactions are more complex than those involving phosphines or secondary phosphine oxides, reviewed previously, and are commonly accompanied by several side-reactions, resulted from instability of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> and the presence of hypophosphite anion, a reductant. Unlike basic phosphines and neutral phosphine oxides, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> and its phospha-Mannich products can mimic carboxylic acids in biological processes and chemistry, and synthesis of phosphinic analogs of natural α-amino acids, used to design phosphinic pseudopeptides, is one of the major applications of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> and its synthons, such as phosphonites (RO)<sub>2</sub>PH (R = SiMe<sub>3</sub>, alkyl) and alkyl dialkoxymethylphosphinates (R’O)<sub>2</sub>CHP(O)(OR’)H. H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> is a unique P-nucleophile that can produce relatively stable acetals with a P–H function, widely used for further derivatization. Phospha-Mannich reactions of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> also provide a variety of (α-aminoalkyl)phosphinic compounds, applied as flame-retardant or chelators of di- and tri-valent metal ions useful in metal-based (radio)pharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 197-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2464778
Mengyao Zhang , Wei You , Yulong Liu , Jinlong Cai , Bin Xu , Jia Chen , Yuxu Zhong , Jiyong Fan , Jianfeng Wu , Jianwei Xie
Decontamination is one of the most effective ways to reduce the hazards of different sulfur mustards. Herein, reactions of various sulfur mustards with four classic decontaminant agents were investigated and their products identified by UPLC-MS/HRMS and GC-MS. Quantitative determinations of individual products in the reaction mixture allows to evaluate the kinetic parameters of the mustard reactions. The degradation rate of 1,2-bis(2-chloroethylthio) ethane and bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether is obviously faster than that of sulfur mustard (SM), but the degradation rate of bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane and bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether is slower than that of SM. Degradation occurred in a nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2,3-butanedione monoximate, sodium phenolate, and with susceptible sites in the mustards. DS2 mainly exerts its degradation function by elimination reactions. However, 2,3-monoximate degrades sulfur mustards through nucleophilic substitution and elimination reaction. Based on the results of quantumchemical calculations, we assume that the difference of the decontamination rate may be related to the electrostatic potential energy of mustards itself.
{"title":"Evaluation of the degradation efficiency and possible mechanism of various chemical decontaminants on series of vesicant sulfur mustards","authors":"Mengyao Zhang , Wei You , Yulong Liu , Jinlong Cai , Bin Xu , Jia Chen , Yuxu Zhong , Jiyong Fan , Jianfeng Wu , Jianwei Xie","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2464778","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2464778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decontamination is one of the most effective ways to reduce the hazards of different sulfur mustards. Herein, reactions of various sulfur mustards with four classic decontaminant agents were investigated and their products identified by UPLC-MS/HRMS and GC-MS. Quantitative determinations of individual products in the reaction mixture allows to evaluate the kinetic parameters of the mustard reactions. The degradation rate of 1,2-bis(2-chloroethylthio) ethane and bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether is obviously faster than that of sulfur mustard (SM), but the degradation rate of bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane and bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether is slower than that of SM. Degradation occurred in a nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2,3-butanedione monoximate, sodium phenolate, and with susceptible sites in the mustards. DS2 mainly exerts its degradation function by elimination reactions. However, 2,3-monoximate degrades sulfur mustards through nucleophilic substitution and elimination reaction. Based on the results of quantumchemical calculations, we assume that the difference of the decontamination rate may be related to the electrostatic potential energy of mustards itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2475948
Alina M. Grozav , Sergiy V. Kemskyi , Mariana Z. Fedoriv , Vitaliy O. Chornous , Lesya M. Saliyeva , Nataliia Yu. Slyvka , Nina D. Yakovychuk , Valentyna S. Dzhuriak , Mykhailo V. Vovk
A new effective method for the synthesis of 4- and 2-dithiocarbamato methyl substituted polyfunctional pyrroles 5 and 8 that is based on reduction of the corresponding 5-chloro-4-chloromethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-carboxylates 3 and 2-bromomethyl-5-chloro-4-cyano-1H-pyrrol-3-carboxylates 7 with dithiocarbamates of alkali metals or zinc 4 in a solution of DMF at 50 °C has been developed. The structural composition of all synthesized compounds was established by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Then the antimicrobial activity of all synthesized compounds was checked against the bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris АТСС 4636, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853, and Klebsiella pneumoniae АТСС 13883) and fungi (Candida albicans АТСС 885/653 and Aspergillus niger K9). In addition, the inhibition ability of the compounds against radicals has also been checked. As can be seen from the obtained results, the MIC of the synthesized compounds against the germs ranges between 31.25 and 125 µg/mL, MBC – 31.25–250 µg/mL, and MFC – 62.5–125 µg/mL. On the other hand, the absorption value for the DPPH radicals in ethyl 5-chloro-4-cyano-2-{[(thiomorpholin-4-ylcarbonothioyl)thio]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate 8b was 97.3%, while for ethyl 5-chloro-4-cyano-2-({[(dimethylamino)carbonothioyl]thio}methyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate 8e it was 95.6%.
{"title":"Polyfunctional dithiocarbamato-containing pyrroles: Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities","authors":"Alina M. Grozav , Sergiy V. Kemskyi , Mariana Z. Fedoriv , Vitaliy O. Chornous , Lesya M. Saliyeva , Nataliia Yu. Slyvka , Nina D. Yakovychuk , Valentyna S. Dzhuriak , Mykhailo V. Vovk","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2475948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2475948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new effective method for the synthesis of 4- and 2-dithiocarbamato methyl substituted polyfunctional pyrroles <strong>5</strong> and <strong>8</strong> that is based on reduction of the corresponding 5-chloro-4-chloromethyl-1<em>H</em>-pyrrol-3-carboxylates <strong>3</strong> and 2-bromomethyl-5-chloro-4-cyano-1<em>H</em>-pyrrol-3-carboxylates <strong>7</strong> with dithiocarbamates of alkali metals or zinc <strong>4</strong> in a solution of DMF at 50 °C has been developed. The structural composition of all synthesized compounds was established by IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy and chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Then the antimicrobial activity of all synthesized compounds was checked against the bacterial strains (<em>Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922</em>, <em>Proteus vulgaris АТСС 4636</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853</em>, and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae АТСС 13883</em>) and fungi (<em>Candida albicans АТСС 885/653</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger K9</em>). In addition, the inhibition ability of the compounds against radicals has also been checked. As can be seen from the obtained results, the MIC of the synthesized compounds against the germs ranges between 31.25 and 125 µg/mL, MBC – 31.25–250 µg/mL, and MFC – 62.5–125 µg/mL. On the other hand, the absorption value for the DPPH radicals in ethyl 5-chloro-4-cyano-2-{[(thiomorpholin-4-ylcarbonothioyl)thio]methyl}-1-methyl-1<em>H</em>-pyrrole-3-carboxylate <strong>8b</strong> was 97.3%, while for ethyl 5-chloro-4-cyano-2-({[(dimethylamino)carbonothioyl]thio}methyl)-1-butyl-1<em>H</em>-pyrrole-3-carboxylate <strong>8e</strong> it was 95.6%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2025.2456205
Shriya Negi , Vijay Kumar Bhat
Over recent decades, there has been remarkable advancement in the field of nanomaterials, particularly with the emergence of carbon nanotubes, boron nanoclusters, boron nanowires, and boron nanotubes, among others. Among these nanomaterials, carbon-based variants are particularly noteworthy due to their exceptional specific geometric and electronic properties, which make them vital in the realm of nanotechnology. The face index of a graph is a significant metric in graph theory, providing essential insights into the structural characteristics of a graph. This index explains aspects of connectivity and planarity, thereby enabling researchers to analyze and comprehend the properties of graphs more effectively. In this study, we present calculations of the recently introduced face index for the graphical structure of carbon nanotubes CNCm[n] that anticipates to assist researchers and experimentalists in developing experiments/procedures aimed at elucidating the unknown physical and chemical properties of carbon nanocones.
{"title":"On carbon nanocones CNCm[n] and their face index","authors":"Shriya Negi , Vijay Kumar Bhat","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2456205","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2456205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over recent decades, there has been remarkable advancement in the field of nanomaterials, particularly with the emergence of carbon nanotubes, boron nanoclusters, boron nanowires, and boron nanotubes, among others. Among these nanomaterials, carbon-based variants are particularly noteworthy due to their exceptional specific geometric and electronic properties, which make them vital in the realm of nanotechnology. The face index of a graph is a significant metric in graph theory, providing essential insights into the structural characteristics of a graph. This index explains aspects of connectivity and planarity, thereby enabling researchers to analyze and comprehend the properties of graphs more effectively. In this study, we present calculations of the recently introduced face index for the graphical structure of carbon nanotubes <em>CNC<sub>m</sub></em>[<em>n</em>] that anticipates to assist researchers and experimentalists in developing experiments/procedures aimed at elucidating the unknown physical and chemical properties of carbon nanocones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 2","pages":"Pages 144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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