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Nutritional and Functional Characterization of Chia Expeller and Gluten-Free Flours as Ingredients for Premixes.
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-025-01297-9
Coronel Eb, Ixtaina Vy, Capitani Mi

The growing consumer demand for healthier foods that help reduce the risk of chronic diseases has driven the food industry to innovate with nutritionally and technologically viable products. This trend and the nutritional gaps in gluten-free diets have spurred the exploration of unconventional, high-quality ingredients like flour from pseudocereals, legumes, and oilseeds. This study evaluated the nutritional and functional profiles of chia expeller and flours from buckwheat, green/yellow peas, and rice to study their potential as techno-functional ingredients for new gluten-free premixes. Chia expeller, rich in protein, lipids, and fiber, with a notable fatty acid profile -particularly α-linolenic and linoleic acids- and significant levels of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, P, and Na, emerged as a standout ingredient. It also demonstrated remarkable water-binding functionality. Pea flours were notable for their high protein, Ca, Cl, Fe, and linoleic acid content. Meanwhile, rice and buckwheat flours were distinguished by their carbohydrate and oleic acid content. Buckwheat also provides substantial Mg and Zn, while rice flour stood out for its higher brightness. These findings underscore the potential of these flours to contribute to the development of functional foods tailored to meet specific nutritional needs and consumer preferences for healthier options. The distinct functional properties of each flour type can contribute to making targeted formulations, improving the technological properties of gluten-free products.

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引用次数: 0
B-Type Trimeric Procyanidins Attenuate Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Through AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Oleic Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells and High-Fat Diet- Fed Zebrafish.
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01262-y
Fangfang Tie, Yidan Gao, Lichengcheng Ren, Yun Wu, Na Hu, Qi Dong, Honglun Wang

NAFLD is one of the most common and rapidly increasing liver diseases. Procyanidin C1 and procyanidin C2, B-type trimeric procyanidins, show beneficial effects on regulating lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the anti-NAFLD effects and mechanisms of procyanidin C1 and procyanidin C2 on HFD- induced zebrafish and OA-treated HepG2 cells. Network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to predict potential targets and analyze intermolecular forces. The results demonstrated that procyanidin C1 and procyanidin C2 significantly reduce lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in both HFD-induced zebrafish and OA-treated HepG2 cell. And, treatment with procyanidin C1 and procyanidin C2 significantly enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve mitochondria function. Furthermore, procyanidin C1 and procyanidin C2 increased phosphorylated AMPKα levels and inhibited phosphorylated mTOR, along with downstream lipogenic proteins such as SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC, SCD-1 and PPARγ.

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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Microcapsules Obtained from Lemon Balm Extract (Melissa officinalis L.) by the Ionic Gelation Process. 离子凝胶法制备香蜂草提取物微胶囊的研究。
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-025-01295-x
Jéssica Moura de Oliveira, Mônica Silva de Jesus, Annuska Vieira Cabral, Elma Regina Silva de Andrade Wartha, Narendra Narain, Alessandra Almeida Castro Pagani

The plant specie, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is one of the most important species of the Lamiaceae family and its use as a plant extract has been highlighted by the population and the scientific community due to its rich chemical composition and the presence of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant activity, associated with various health benefits. Research and development of innovative technologies are focused on the identification of these substances, their properties and applications. The present study aimed to select a type of lemon balm extract based on its bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential, obtained from lemon balm microcapsules through the ionic gelation process and evaluate the physicochemical changes and the profile of the volatile compounds. The extract obtained from the fresh plant sample infused at 80 °C showed a higher content of bioactive compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed similar spectra between the samples. Terpenes and terpenoids were the predominant class of compounds, with compounds such as (E)-citral and caryophyllene being the major compounds in both the fresh lemon balm sample and the microcapsules. The results were satisfactory in the preservation of aroma and volatile compounds through the microencapsulation process by ionic gelation.

柠檬香蜂草(Melissa officinalis L.)是Lamiaceae家族中最重要的物种之一,由于其丰富的化学成分和具有潜在抗氧化活性的生物活性化合物的存在,与各种健康益处相关,因此其作为植物提取物的用途受到了人群和科学界的重视。创新技术的研究和开发主要集中在这些物质的鉴定、性质和应用上。本研究旨在通过离子凝胶法制备柠檬香蜂草微胶囊,根据其生物活性成分和抗氧化能力筛选出一种柠檬香蜂草提取物,并对其理化变化和挥发性成分进行评价。在80°C浸提的新鲜植物样品中提取的提取物显示出较高的生物活性化合物含量。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析显示样品之间的光谱相似。鲜柠檬香蜂草样品和微胶囊中以萜烯和萜类化合物为主,其中(E)-柠檬醛和石竹烯是主要化合物。结果表明,离子凝胶微胶囊化工艺对香精的香气和挥发性成分具有较好的保存效果。
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引用次数: 0
Wheat Bread Supplemented with Egg Albumin: Structural Features, and In Vitro Starch and Protein Digestibility. 添加鸡蛋白蛋白的小麦面包:结构特征及体外淀粉和蛋白质消化率。
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01283-7
J Rosas-Rivas, M E Rodríguez-Huezo, E J Vernon-Carter, J Alvarez-Ramirez

This study aimed to explore the effects of egg albumin protein addition (5, 15 and 20 g/100 g db) on the textural characteristics, as well as in the in vitro digestibility of protein and starch of wheat bread. Egg albumin addition resulted in smoother bread loaves as compared to traditional wheat bread. Reduced hardness and increased cohesiveness were correlated to the protein secondary structure, mainly with the content of β-sheets. The in vitro protein digestibility decreased with the albumin addition, suggesting the mediation of protein-starch interactions. The in vitro starch digestibility was also decreased, reflected in a huge decrease of the slowly digestible starch fraction, but with non-significant changes in the rapidly digestible starch fraction. The supplemented albumin can form a physical barrier around the starch granules, which hampers the access of the amylolytic enzymes to the starch chains. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the addition of egg albumin is a viable alternative for producing wheat bread with reduced glycemic index and improved nutritional properties.

本试验旨在探讨添加5、15和20 g/100 g db的蛋清蛋白对小麦面包的质构特性以及蛋白质和淀粉的体外消化率的影响。与传统的小麦面包相比,鸡蛋白蛋白的加入使面包更光滑。硬度降低和黏结性增加与蛋白质二级结构有关,主要与β-片的含量有关。体外蛋白质消化率随白蛋白添加量的增加而降低,提示存在蛋白-淀粉相互作用的中介作用。体外淀粉消化率也有所下降,表现为慢消化淀粉含量大幅下降,而快速消化淀粉含量变化不显著。补充的白蛋白可以在淀粉颗粒周围形成物理屏障,阻碍淀粉水解酶进入淀粉链。综上所述,本研究结果表明,添加鸡蛋白蛋白是一种可行的替代方案,可用于生产血糖指数降低和营养特性改善的小麦面包。
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引用次数: 0
Cianidanol from Sea Buckthorn Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects by the Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway via an Integrative Pharmacology Strategy. 沙棘Cianidanol通过综合药理学策略抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路发挥抗炎作用
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01290-8
Chuan Liu, Xiangrui Yi, Yafan Li, Huijuan Xu, Peng Wang, Wenyu Yang, Ling Li, Ya Tu

Sea buckthorn is a model of medicine and food homology, but the chemical composition and mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects are limited. In this study, the key components and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of sea buckthorn were identified based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and RAW264.7 cells. The predicted key anti-inflammatory compounds in sea buckthorns were cianidanol, kaempferol, pelargonidin, and ent-epicatechin, and the key targets were EGFR, TNF, STAT3, and IL-10. The anti-inflammatory effects of sea buckthorn may be achieved via the synergistic regulation of multiple biological pathways. Furthermore, cianidanol significantly reduced the secretion of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and the expression of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as determined by ELISA and western blotting. Cianidanol from sea buckthorns exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, sea buckthorn can be developed into a promising functional food with anti-inflammatory properties.

沙棘是药食同源的典范,但其抗炎作用的化学成分和机制尚不清楚。本研究基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS、网络药理学、分子对接、分子动力学和RAW264.7细胞等方法,对沙棘抗炎作用的关键成分及机制进行了鉴定。预测沙棘中主要抗炎化合物为山奈酚、山奈酚、天龙苷和正-表儿茶素,主要靶点为EGFR、TNF、STAT3和IL-10。沙棘的抗炎作用可能是通过多种生物途径的协同调节来实现的。此外,通过ELISA和western blotting检测,cianidanol显著降低lps刺激的RAW264.7细胞中NO、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌以及磷酸化的JAK2和STAT3的表达。沙棘Cianidanol通过降低炎症介质和促炎细胞因子的表达,抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路发挥抗炎作用。因此,沙棘具有抗炎功能,是一种很有发展前景的功能性食品。
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引用次数: 0
Pro-Arg, The Potential Anti-Diabetes Peptide, Screened from Almond by In-Silico Analysis. 从杏仁中筛选抗糖尿病肽Pro-Arg
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01289-1
Xin Gu, Zhihui Cong, Di Li, Yakun Hou, Yu Fu, Bimal Chitrakar, Die Wei, Meng Xi, Tao Gao

Insulin resistance was considered to be the most important clinical phenotype of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Almond is a widely-consumed nut and long-term intake was beneficial to alleviating insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. Hence, screening of anti-diabetic peptides from almond proteins was feasible based on the effectiveness of peptides in the treatment of T2DM. Pro-Arg (PR), a potential anti-diabetic peptide screened from almonds proteins using in-silico technology and cell experiment, upregulated the phosphorylation levels of IRS1, PI3K, AKT, and translocation of GLUT4, and showed potential to target AKT1 in molecular simulation, suggesting PR mediated the activation of IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway by targeting AKT1 to alleviate insulin resistance. Consequently, PR was the potential anti-diabetes peptide from almond proteins and showed the potential application as a candidate drug for alleviating T2DM.

胰岛素抵抗被认为是2型糖尿病(T2DM)最重要的临床表型。杏仁是一种广泛食用的坚果,长期摄入有助于缓解2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗。因此,基于肽治疗2型糖尿病的有效性,从杏仁蛋白中筛选抗糖尿病肽是可行的。通过芯片技术和细胞实验从杏仁蛋白中筛选到的潜在抗糖尿病肽Pro-Arg (PR)上调了IRS1、PI3K、AKT的磷酸化水平和GLUT4的易位,并在分子模拟中显示出靶向AKT1的潜力,提示PR通过靶向AKT1介导IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4信号通路的激活,从而缓解胰岛素抵抗。因此,PR是杏仁蛋白中潜在的抗糖尿病肽,并显示出作为缓解2型糖尿病的候选药物的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Future of Extrusion with Andean Grains: Macromolecular Changes, Innovations, Future Trends and Food Security. 探索安第斯谷物挤压的未来:大分子变化、创新、未来趋势和粮食安全。
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-025-01294-y
Franklyn Zapana, Julio Vidaurre-Ruiz, Laura Linares-García, Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia

This review aimed to explore the impact of extrusion on Andean grains, such as quinoa, kañiwa, and kiwicha, highlighting their macromolecular transformations, technological innovations, and contributions to food security. These grains, which are rich in starch, high-quality proteins, and antioxidant compounds, are versatile raw materials for extrusion, a continuous and efficient process that combines high temperatures and pressures to transform structural and chemical components. Extrusion improves the digestibility of proteins and starches, encourages the formation of amylose-lipid complexes, and increases the solubility of dietary fiber. However, it can degrade heat-sensitive nutrients, such as certain amino acids. The role of extrusion in food innovation is highlighted, especially in the creation of healthy and functional products such as snacks, gluten-free pastas, and meat analogs. Some innovations in the extrusion process and future trends, such as the use of artificial intelligence to optimize formulations and customize products, have been presented. The importance of Andean grains in the fight against food insecurity has been emphasized. These grains can be transformed into accessible, long-lasting, and nutritious foods, diversifying the diet and taking advantage of local resources. This review aims to serve as a valuable guide for researchers, food developers, and policymakers in their pursuit of creating more accessible, nutritious, and sustainable food options to meet escalating global demands for food security and enhanced nutrition.

本文旨在探讨挤压对安第斯谷物的影响,如藜麦、kañiwa和猕猴果,重点介绍了它们的大分子转化、技术创新和对粮食安全的贡献。这些谷物富含淀粉、优质蛋白质和抗氧化化合物,是挤压的通用原料,挤压是一个连续而有效的过程,结合高温和压力来改变结构和化学成分。挤压提高了蛋白质和淀粉的消化率,促进了直链淀粉-脂复合物的形成,并增加了膳食纤维的溶解度。然而,它可以降解热敏性营养素,如某些氨基酸。强调了挤压在食品创新中的作用,特别是在创造健康和功能性产品方面,如零食、无麸质面食和肉类类似物。介绍了挤出工艺的一些创新和未来趋势,如利用人工智能优化配方和定制产品。安第斯谷物在消除粮食不安全方面的重要性得到了强调。这些谷物可以转化为可获取、耐久和营养丰富的食物,使饮食多样化并利用当地资源。本综述旨在为研究人员、粮食开发人员和政策制定者提供有价值的指导,帮助他们创造更容易获得、更有营养和可持续的粮食选择,以满足日益增长的全球粮食安全和营养需求。
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引用次数: 0
In vivo Differential Effects of Extractable and Non-Extractable Phenolic Compounds from Grape Pomace on the Regulation of Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. 葡萄渣中可提取和不可提取酚类化合物对肥胖及相关代谢改变的体内调节差异
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01278-4
Rogelio I Servin-Uribe, Paloma Castilla-Ramírez, Iza F Pérez Ramírez, Jara Pérez Jiménez, Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho

Grape pomace (GP) is a by-product rich in phytochemicals, including extractable polyphenols (EPPs) and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPPs), which have distinct metabolic fates that may affect their biological activities. The benefits of GP have been reported in relation to obesity and its comorbidities, particularly when administered preventively focusing on EPPs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EPPs and NEPPs from GP as a treatment for obesity and its associated metabolic alterations. A previous comprehensive characterization of the selected GP revealed the most relevant individual compounds in the EPPs fraction (malvidin hexoside, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin, and procyanidin dimer B2 isomer II), as well as in the NEPPs fraction (hydroxybenzoic acid isomers I-II). The experiment was performed in obese rats with insulin resistance, treated for 8 weeks with EPPs or NEPPs grape pomace fractions (100 mg/kg). After the intervention, the HFFD + EPP group showed a significantly lower weight gain (9.6%) and body mass index (9.7%) compared to the HFFD group. While liver triglyceride levels were only significantly reduced in the HFFD + NEPP group (47%) compared to the HFFD group. Neither treatment resulted in a reduction of insulin resistance. Therefore, the supplementation with grape pomace phenolic fractions to an animal model of obesity exerted differential beneficial effects on body weight and liver lipid accumulation, overall contributing to an amelioration of some the metabolic alterations present in obesity, although not to aspects such as glycemic homeostasis.

葡萄渣(GP)是一种富含植物化学物质的副产品,包括可提取多酚(EPPs)和不可提取多酚(NEPPs),它们具有不同的代谢命运,可能会影响它们的生物活性。据报道,全科医生的益处与肥胖及其合并症有关,特别是当以epp为预防重点时。因此,本研究的目的是研究GP中EPPs和NEPPs对肥胖及其相关代谢改变的治疗作用。先前对所选GP的综合表征揭示了EPPs部分(malvidin己糖,(-)-表儿茶素,槲皮素和原花青素二聚体B2异构体II)以及NEPPs部分(羟基苯甲酸异构体I-II)中最相关的单个化合物。实验以胰岛素抵抗的肥胖大鼠为实验对象,用EPPs或NEPPs葡萄渣组分(100 mg/kg)治疗8周。干预后,与HFFD组相比,HFFD + EPP组的体重增加(9.6%)和体重指数(9.7%)明显降低。与HFFD组相比,肝脏甘油三酯水平仅在HFFD + NEPP组显著降低(47%)。两种治疗都没有降低胰岛素抵抗。因此,在肥胖动物模型中补充葡萄渣酚组分对体重和肝脏脂质积累有不同的有益影响,总体上有助于改善肥胖中存在的一些代谢改变,尽管对血糖稳态等方面没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Extraction and Characterization of Inulin-Like Fructans from Hydroponically Grown Stevia rebaudiana Roots for Food Applications. 食品用甜菊叶水培根中菊粉类果聚糖的提取及特性研究。
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01266-8
Hevelyn Regina da Silva Lima, Gabriela Lafayne Okonski Dos Santos, Susana Tavares Cotrim Ribeiro, Maria Amélia Gonçalves, Aline Savam, Regina Aparecida Correia Gonçalves, Arildo José Braz de Oliveira

Stevia rebaudiana is a plant native to South America known for producing steviol glycosides and fructans used in low-calorie and functional foods. This study aimed to cultivate and isolate inulin from hydroponically grown S. rebaudiana roots. Seedlings were grown hydroponically for 28 days; then, roots were dried and extracted at 121 °C for 20 min. Extracts were centrifuged and lyophilized, yielding supernatant (SSR-H) and precipitate (PSR-H) fractions. Fructan yields were 21.34% (SSR-H) and 2.91% (PSR-H). HPLC, FTIR, and NMR analyses confirmed inulin-like fructans with polymerization degrees of 16 and 31, respectively. The characteristic peaks of a fructan-like-inulin were observed in the FTIR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectra. These results demonstrate effective inulin extraction from hydroponically grown S. rebaudiana roots, highlighting its potential applications in the food industry.

甜菊糖是一种原产于南美洲的植物,以生产甜菊醇糖苷和果聚糖而闻名,用于低热量和功能性食品。本研究旨在培养和分离水培栽培的白蜡菊根中的菊粉。幼苗水培28 d;然后,根干燥,在121°C下提取20分钟。提取液离心并冻干,得到上清(SSR-H)和沉淀(PSR-H)馏分。果聚糖得率分别为21.34% (SSR-H)和2.91% (PSR-H)。HPLC、FTIR和NMR分析证实,类菊聚糖的聚合度分别为16和31。在FTIR、¹H和¹³C核磁共振光谱中观察到类果聚糖菊粉的特征峰。这些结果表明,从水培法种植的白藜芦醇根中提取菊粉是有效的,突出了其在食品工业中的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the Starchy Legume Source on the In Vitro Fermentation of the Fecal Microbiota from Normal-Weight and Obese Individuals. 淀粉类豆类源对正常体重和肥胖人群粪便微生物群体外发酵的影响。
IF 3.1 2区 农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01273-9
Vareska L Zárate-Córdova, Mónica Sánchez-Tapia, Nimbe Torres, Perla Osorio-Díaz

The relationship between the gut microbiota (GM) and the health of human beings has been a topic of growing interest in the last few years. Legumes are a rich source of indigestible carbohydrates, including resistant starch (RS), which are substrates of the GM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the indigestible fraction of legumes on the fecal microbiota of normal-weight (NW) and obese (O) donors. Accordingly, a preclinical in vitro fermentation model was developed (Goñi and Martín-Carrón, Nutr Res 18:1077-1089, 1998). Short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production was measured via gas chromatography. In addition, the fecal microbiota was characterized via 16 S rRNA sequence analysis. The results revealed that the ratio of the relative abundance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was lower in O individuals than in NW individuals. Bacteroides was the predominant genus in the fecal inoculum of the O group. Total SCFAs production was significantly greater in the chickpea (C) group than in the lentil (L) and white bean (WB) groups among the samples from the NW group. In contrast, WB presented the highest production of SCFAs in the samples from the O group. These results suggest that fermentation products (SCFAs) are determined by the components of the legumes, including RS, and the type of microbiota donor (NW or O individuals).

近年来,肠道菌群与人体健康之间的关系已成为人们日益关注的话题。豆类是不消化的碳水化合物的丰富来源,包括抗性淀粉(RS),这是转基因的底物。本研究的目的是评估豆类的不消化部分对正常体重(NW)和肥胖(O)供体粪便微生物群的影响。因此,建立了临床前体外发酵模型(Goñi和Martín-Carrón, Nutr Res 18:1077-1089, 1998)。气相色谱法测定短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的产量。此外,通过16s rRNA序列分析对粪便微生物群进行了表征。结果表明,O型人群中厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的相对丰度比低于NW型人群。O组粪便接种菌中以拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)为主。在NW组样品中,鹰嘴豆(C)组的总SCFAs产量显著高于扁豆(L)和白豆(WB)组。相比之下,WB在O组样品中呈现出最高的SCFAs产量。这些结果表明,发酵产物(SCFAs)是由豆科植物的成分(包括RS)和微生物群供体类型(NW或O个体)决定的。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
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