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Identification of α-Glucosidase-Inhibitors in Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis. 利用 UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 分析鉴定 Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn.使用 UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 分析。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01158-x
Lin Li, Qijun Dai, Bolin Zou, Yanyan Zhang, Xianwen Zhang, Liang Liu

Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., a member of the genus Edgeworthia in the family Thymelaeaceae, has long been applied as an edible and medicinal plant in China. E. gardneria has a hypoglycemic effect and is used to prepare daily drinks for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. However, the hypoglycemic substances involved remain unknown. The present study aimed to screen the α-glucosidase-inhibitors of E. gardneri and analyze its chemical profile using a ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had significant α-glucosidase-inhibitory and antioxidant activities but did not show an α-amylase-inhibitory activity. A total of 67 compounds were identified in the EAF by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis; among them, 48 compounds were first discovered in the genus Edgeworthia. Additionally, five flavonoids, namely, isoorintin, secoisolaricirinol, tiliroside, chrysin, and kaempferol, had α-glucosidase-inhibitory activities. Rutin had a α-amylase-inhibitory activity. Daphnoretin, a kind of coumarin, has α-glucosidase and α-amylase-inhibitory activities. These findings enrich the chemical library of E. gardneria. EAF has a selective α-glucosidase-inhibitory activity, and flavonoids and coumarins may be the active components of EAF. E. gardneria has important value for developing multiple-target hypoglycemic drugs.

Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn.属于百合科 Edgeworthia 属,在中国长期以来一直被用作食用和药用植物。枸杞子具有降血糖作用,可用于配制预防和治疗糖尿病的日常饮品。然而,其中的降血糖物质仍然未知。本研究旨在利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)方法,筛选加德纳海藻的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂并分析其化学成分。结果发现,乙酸乙酯馏分(EAF)具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和抗氧化活性,但没有显示出α-淀粉酶抑制活性。通过 UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 分析,共鉴定出 67 种化合物;其中 48 种化合物是首次在埃奇沃斯属植物中发现的。此外,五种黄酮类化合物,即异橙皮苷(isoorintin)、仲异橙皮苷(sekoisolaricirinol)、橙皮苷(tiliroside)、菊苷(chrysin)和山柰酚(kempferol)具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。芦丁具有α-淀粉酶抑制活性。香豆素的一种 Daphnoretin 具有α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性。这些发现丰富了 E. gardneria 的化学库。EAF具有选择性的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,黄酮类化合物和香豆素可能是EAF的活性成分。E. gardneria对开发多靶点降糖药物具有重要价值。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the Composition and Bioactivity of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Shell Extract by Choline Chloride-Lactic Acid Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Assisted by Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment. 用氯化胆碱-乳酸天然深共晶溶剂萃取法辅助脉冲电场预处理,改善可可(可可豆)豆壳提取物的成分和生物活性。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01163-0
Elaine Benítez-Correa, José Miguel Bastías-Montes, Sergio Acuña Nelson, Tatiana Beldarraín Iznaga, Mario Pérez Wong, Ociel Muñoz-Fariña

An environmentally friendly method for the release of cocoa bean shell (CBS) extracts is proposed in this paper. This work aims to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment on subsequent solid-liquid extraction (SLE) of metabolites with choline chloride-lactic acid natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) and bioactivity of cocoa bean shell (CBS) extract. Two different media for PEF application were evaluated: water and chlorine chloride-lactic acid. Total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), individual major compounds, and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of CBS extracts were assessed. The performance of PEF-assisted extraction was compared with SLE and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The proposed method improved the release of TPC up to 45% and TFC up to 48% compared with the conventional extraction. The CBS extract showed medium growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and high growth inhibition of Salmonella sp, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, an extract with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties was obtained.

本文提出了一种环境友好型可可豆壳(CBS)提取物释放方法。这项工作旨在研究脉冲电场(PEF)预处理对氯化胆碱-乳酸天然深共晶溶剂(NaDES)固液萃取(SLE)代谢物的影响以及可可豆壳(CBS)提取物的生物活性。评估了两种不同的 PEF 应用介质:水和氯化胆碱-乳酸。评估了可可豆壳提取物的总多酚(TPC)、总黄酮(TFC)、单个主要化合物以及抗氧化和抗菌活性。比较了 PEF 辅助萃取与 SLE 和超声辅助萃取(UAE)的性能。与传统提取法相比,所提议的方法提高了 TPC 的释放率达 45%,提高了 TFC 的释放率达 48%。CBS 提取物对大肠杆菌的生长抑制率中等,对沙门氏菌、李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制率较高。因此,萃取物具有更强的抗氧化和抗菌特性。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacological Properties of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves: Suppressing Migratory and Invasive Activities Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells 白桑叶的药理特性:抑制 A549 肺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭活性
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01184-9
Chantragan Srisomsap, Papada Chaisuriya, Desy Liana, Phimkun Aiyarakanchanakun, Toollayapron Audsasan, Churat Weeraphan, Jisnuson Svasti, Anuchit Phanumartwiwath

Morus alba known as a white mulberry is a medicinal plant that has been used in food ingredients and traditional medicine. M. alba leaves contain various bioactive phenolic compounds, in particular chlorogenic acid (CGA), which is a major bioactive ingredient. Their anticancer potency of M. alba leaf extracts derived from Soxhlet extraction was evaluated based on cytotoxicity and antimigratory and antiinvasive properties. The dichloromethane extract exhibited the highest nitric oxide radical scavenging activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 780 μg/mL, promising cytotoxicity against HuCCA-1, MCF-7, and A-549 cells with IC50 values of 59.18, 62.20, and 103.25 μg/mL, respectively. CGA selectively inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 26.75 μg/mL and showed potent radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 18.85 μg/mL). An ethanolic extract derived from the gradient Soxhlet extraction suppressed A549 lung cancer cell migration and invasion more effectively than CGA with no migratory inhibition effect on noncancerous HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract and CGA accelerated HaCaT wound closure at 20 µg/mL, which was the same as allantoin. Bioactive ingredients including triterpenes, steroids, phenolics, and flavonoids were mainly detected in all extracts. The highest content of CGA (52.23 g/100 g dry weight) was found in the ethanolic extract derived from the gradient Soxhlet extraction. These findings show the potency of the dichloromethane extract as a cytotoxic agent against various cancer types and the ethanolic extract as an antimetastatic agent by their antimigratory and antiinvasive activities.

Graphical Abstract

被称为白桑树的白桑树是一种药用植物,一直被用于食品配料和传统医药。白桑叶含有多种生物活性酚类化合物,尤其是绿原酸(CGA),它是一种主要的生物活性成分。根据细胞毒性、抗移行和抗侵袭特性,对索氏提取物的抗癌效力进行了评估。二氯甲烷提取物表现出最高的一氧化氮自由基清除活性,其半最大抑制浓度(IC50)值为 780 μg/mL,对 HuCCA-1、MCF-7 和 A-549 细胞的细胞毒性表现良好,IC50 值分别为 59.18、62.20 和 103.25 μg/mL。CGA 能选择性地抑制 MCF-7 细胞的生长,其 IC50 值为 26.75 μg/mL,并对 DPPH 自由基具有强效的自由基清除活性(IC50 = 18.85 μg/mL)。梯度索氏提取法提取的乙醇提取物比 CGA 更有效地抑制了 A549 肺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,但对非癌症 HaCaT 细胞没有迁移抑制作用。此外,乙醇提取物和 CGA 在 20 µg/mL 浓度下可加速 HaCaT 伤口闭合,其效果与尿囊素相同。在所有提取物中主要检测到了三萜类、类固醇、酚类和黄酮类等生物活性成分。梯度索氏提取的乙醇提取物中 CGA 含量最高(52.23 克/100 克干重)。这些研究结果表明,二氯甲烷提取物对各种癌症具有细胞毒性作用,乙醇提取物则具有抗转移和抗侵袭活性。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant and Phenolic Profiles of Thai Medicinal Plants for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Development. 全面分析泰国药用植物的抗氧化剂和酚类概况,促进功能性食品和药品的开发。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01179-6
Pitchaporn Wanyo, Channarong Chomnawang, K. Huaisan, Tossaporn Chamsai
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引用次数: 0
The Profile and Content of Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Properties of Root Extracts of Selected Medicinal Herbs. 精选药材根提取物中多酚化合物的概况和含量以及抗氧化和抗糖化特性
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01180-z
Patrycja Chociej, Kamil Foss, Monika Jabłońska, Małgorzata Ustarbowska, T. Sawicki
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引用次数: 0
Co-ingestion of Cereals and Legumes during Infant Complementary Feeding: Starch and Protein in vitro Digestion 婴儿辅食添加过程中谷物和豆类的共同消化:淀粉和蛋白质的体外消化
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01170-1
Marianela D. Rodriguez, Alberto E. León, Mariela C. Bustos

This study explores the impact of co-ingesting cereals and legumes on starch and protein during simulated infant in vitro digestion. Various legumes (chickpeas, lentils, peas) were added to cereals (durum wheat, brown rice, white maize), and their effects on starch and protein hydrolysis were analyzed. Substituting 50% of cereal with legumes increased proteins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Infant food with legumes exhibited smoother pasting properties. Legumes in cereal purées led to varying starch hydrolysis trends, with the lowest values in durum wheat with chickpea and all cereal blends with peas. Resistant starch levels exceeding 50% were found in infant food samples. Digested protein hydrolysis increased with legumes in durum wheat, except for peas. Brown rice mixtures decreased significantly compared to the control with chickpeas (61%) and peas (42%), while lentil blends increased by 46%. Legumes generally did not significantly affect starch bioavailability, even with α-amylase inhibitors. Lentil-cereal purées could enhance infant food nutritional value.

本研究探讨了在模拟婴儿体外消化过程中,谷物和豆类共食对淀粉和蛋白质的影响。在谷物(硬质小麦、糙米、白玉米)中添加了各种豆类(鹰嘴豆、扁豆、豌豆),并分析了它们对淀粉和蛋白质水解的影响。用豆类代替 50%的谷物,可增加蛋白质、矿物质和膳食纤维。添加豆类的婴儿食品具有更顺滑的糊化特性。谷物泥中的豆类导致不同的淀粉水解趋势,硬质小麦与鹰嘴豆以及所有谷物混合物与豌豆的水解值最低。在婴儿食品样本中发现抗性淀粉含量超过 50%。除豌豆外,硬质小麦中豆科植物的消化蛋白质水解度增加。与对照组相比,糙米混合物中鹰嘴豆(61%)和豌豆(42%)的含量明显下降,而扁豆混合物的含量则增加了 46%。豆类一般不会对淀粉生物利用率产生明显影响,即使使用α-淀粉酶抑制剂也是如此。扁豆谷物泥可提高婴儿食品的营养价值。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Plant-Based Mung Bean Products on Digestibility and Gut Microbiome Profiling Using In Vitro Fecal Fermentation 利用体外粪便发酵法分析植物性绿豆产品对消化率和肠道微生物组的影响
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01176-9
Nattha Tampanna, Worapanit Chansuwan, Santad Wichienchot

The concept of plant-based protein consumption has been increasing recently because of the growing health consciousness among people. Mung bean is one of the most consumed legumes with a dense nutrient profile. Hence, current research is aimed to study the effect of mung bean protein-based products including mung bean snack (MBS) and textured vegetable protein (TVP) for treatment groups against the control groups, commercial ingredients group consisting of mung bean powder (MBP) and pea powder (PP) and commercial products group include commercial pea texture (cPT) and commercial textured vegetable protein (cTVP) for their proximate composition, digestibility, gut microbial profile and fatty acid metabolite profiling. The MBS and TVP samples had significantly higher digestibility of 74.43% and 73.24% than the commercial products. The protein content of TVP was 0.8 times higher than its commercial control. Gut microbiome profiling showed that all the samples shared around 162 similar genera. Post-fermentation analysis provided promising results by reflecting the growth of beneficial bacteria (Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and the suppression of pathogens (Escherichia-Shigella, Dorea and Klebsiella). The dual relationship between gut microbiota and nutrient interaction proved the production of abundant short- and branched-chain fatty acids. The MBS sample was able to produce SCFAs (41.27 mM) significantly and BCFAs (2.02 mM) than the TVP sample (27.58 mM and 2.14 mM, respectively). Hence, our research outcomes proved that the mung bean protein-based products might infer numerous health benefits to the host due to enriched probiotics in the gut and the production of their corresponding metabolites.

由于人们的健康意识不断提高,以植物为基础的蛋白质消费概念近来也在不断增加。绿豆是食用量最大的豆类之一,具有丰富的营养成分。因此,目前的研究旨在研究绿豆蛋白基产品(包括绿豆点心(MBS)和质构植物蛋白(TVP))对对照组、商业配料组(包括绿豆粉(MBP)和豌豆粉(PP))和商业产品组(包括商业豌豆质构(cPT)和商业质构植物蛋白(cTVP))的近似成分、消化率、肠道微生物谱和脂肪酸代谢物谱分析的影响。MBS 和 TVP 样品的消化率分别为 74.43% 和 73.24%,明显高于市售产品。TVP 的蛋白质含量是其商品对照的 0.8 倍。肠道微生物组分析表明,所有样品都有大约 162 个相似的菌属。发酵后分析结果令人鼓舞,反映出有益菌(副乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌)的生长和病原体(志贺氏菌、多雷氏菌和克雷伯氏菌)的抑制。肠道微生物群与营养物质相互作用的双重关系证明,肠道微生物群能产生丰富的短链和支链脂肪酸。与 TVP 样品(分别为 27.58 毫摩尔和 2.14 毫摩尔)相比,MBS 样品能显著产生 SCFAs(41.27 毫摩尔)和 BCFAs(2.02 毫摩尔)。因此,我们的研究结果证明,以绿豆蛋白为基础的产品可通过丰富肠道益生菌及其相应代谢产物的产生,为宿主的健康带来诸多益处。
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引用次数: 0
FODMAP Content Like-by-like Comparison in Spanish Gluten-free and Gluten-containing Cereal-based Products 西班牙无麸质和含麸质谷物类产品中 FODMAP 含量的逐一比较
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01177-8
Silvia Matias, Gesala Perez-Junkera, Olaia Martínez, Jonatan Miranda, Idoia Larretxi, Lidia Peña, María Ángeles Bustamante, Itziar Churruca, Edurne Simón

Gluten-free foods (GF) availability on supermarket shelves is growing and it is expected to continue expanding in the years ahead. These foods have been linked to a lower content of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), molecules that trigger gastrointestinal symptoms in sensitive persons. In this study, the FODMAP content of 25 cereal-based GF foods in Spain (breakfast cereals, pasta, bread, biscuits, bakery products, and dough and puff pastry) and 25 gluten-containing equivalents (GC) available in the same supermarket were analysed and compared. Lactose, fructose, glucose, sorbitol, mannitol, raffinose, stachyose and fructans were quantified. In a like-by-like analysis, GF foods were found to generally contain fewer FODMAPs than their GC counterparts. The ingredients used in the manufacture of GF cereal-based foods may contribute to this fact. When the individually wrapped size was considered, the proportion of samples classified as high-FODMAPs in GC and GF foods showed a trend towards fewer samples in the GF. However, not all the GF samples were low-FODMAP. Altogether, our findings provide essential information for FODMAP content databases of GF products in Spain.

超市货架上的无麸质食品(GF)越来越多,预计未来几年还会继续增加。这些食品与可发酵低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇(FODMAPs)含量较低有关,这些分子会引发敏感人群的胃肠道症状。本研究分析并比较了西班牙 25 种谷类无麸质食品(早餐谷物、面食、面包、饼干、烘焙食品、面团和酥皮)和同一家超市出售的 25 种含麸质等同物(GC)的 FODMAP 含量。对乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、棉子糖、水苏糖和果聚糖进行了定量分析。通过逐一分析发现,全脂食品所含的 FODMAPs 一般少于全脂食品。制造普通谷物食品所使用的配料可能是造成这种情况的原因。考虑到独立包装的大小,普通谷物食品和普通谷物食品中被归类为高 FODMAPs 的样品比例显示,普通谷物食品中的样品呈减少趋势。不过,并非所有普通食品都是低 FODMAP 食品。总之,我们的研究结果为西班牙普通食品的 FODMAP 含量数据库提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
Bidirectional Solid-State Fermentation of Highland Barley by Edible Fungi to Improve Its Functional Components, Antioxidant Activity and Texture Characteristics 食用菌对高原大麦进行双向固态发酵以改善其功能成分、抗氧化活性和口感特征
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01166-x
Xiaolin Zhou, Jieying Wang, Gaige Shao, Xi Chang, Yueqian Liu, Taobo Xiang, Quanyu Zhu, Ang Ren, Ailiang Jiang, Qin He

In food industry, the characteristics of food substrate could be improved through its bidirectional solid-state fermentation (BSF) by fungi, because the functional components were produced during BSF. Six edible fungi were selected for BSF to study their effects on highland barley properties, such as functional components, antioxidant activity, and texture characteristics. After BSF, the triterpenes content in Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma leucocontextum samples increased by 76.57 and 205.98%, respectively, and the flavonoids content increased by 62.40% (Phellinus igniarius). Protein content in all tests increased significantly, with a maximal increase of 406.11% (P. igniarius). Proportion of indispensable amino acids increased significantly, with the maximum increase of 28.22%. Lysine content increased largest by 437.34% to 3.310 mg/g (Flammulina velutipes). For antioxidant activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity showed the maximal improvement, with an increase of 1268.95%. Low-field NMR results indicated a changed water status of highland barley after fermentation, which could result in changes in texture characteristics of highland barley. Texture analysis showed that the hardness and chewiness of the fermented product decreased markedly especially in Ganoderma lucidum sample with a decrease of 77.96% and 58.60%, respectively. The decrease indicated a significant improvement in the taste of highland barley. The results showed that BSF is an effective technology to increase the quality of highland barley and provide a new direction for the production of functional foods.

在食品工业中,通过真菌的双向固态发酵(BSF)可以改善食品基质的特性,因为在 BSF 过程中会产生功能成分。本研究选择了六种食用菌进行双向固态发酵,以研究它们对高原大麦特性的影响,如功能成分、抗氧化活性和口感特征。BSF 后,灵芝和白灵芝样品中的三萜含量分别增加了 76.57% 和 205.98%,黄酮含量增加了 62.40%(Phellinus igniarius)。所有试验中的蛋白质含量都有明显增加,最大增幅为 406.11%(黄苓)。不可或缺氨基酸的比例明显增加,最大增幅为 28.22%。赖氨酸含量增幅最大,达到 3.310 毫克/克,增幅为 437.34%(Flammulina velutipes)。在抗氧化活性方面,ABTS 自由基清除活性的提高幅度最大,达到 1268.95%。低场核磁共振结果表明,发酵后高原大麦的水分状况发生了变化,这可能导致高原大麦的质地特征发生变化。质构分析表明,发酵产品的硬度和咀嚼感明显下降,尤其是灵芝样品,分别下降了 77.96% 和 58.60%。硬度和咀嚼感的降低表明高原大麦的口感有了明显改善。结果表明,BSF 是提高高原大麦品质的有效技术,为功能食品的生产提供了新的方向。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro Immunostimulant Activity of the Polyphenolic Extract from the Arctic Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus 北极褐藻 Fucus vesiculosus 多酚提取物的体外免疫刺激活性
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01174-x
Konstantin Bogolitsyn, Liliya Dobrodeeva, Anna Samodova, Anastasia Parshina

Polyphenols (PP) found in brown algae are known for their wide range of biological activities including noteworthy antitumor properties. This article presents a method for obtaining an active polyphenolic extract from the Arctic alga Fucus vesiculosus with 98% purity and radical scavenging activity equivalent to 862 mg of ascorbic acid per gram of extract. Immunostimulant effects of polyphenols were assessed in vitro using venous blood from two groups of people: healthy people (HP) and people with chronic undifferentiated lymphocytic leukemia (LP). Polyphenols activated the surface properties of immunocompetent cells. Specifically, polyphenols dose-dependently increased the percentage of cells’ spreading and adhesion by 2–3 times. Additionally, polyphenols increased the number of activated lymphocytes in the LP blood to levels characteristic of HP. Given their natural origin, high activity, non-toxicity, and straightforward production process, these studied polyphenols exhibit immense potential for use as new pharmaceuticals or as active components with immunostimulatory effects.

褐藻中的多酚(PP)因其广泛的生物活性而闻名,其中包括显著的抗肿瘤特性。本文介绍了一种从北极褐藻 Fucus vesiculosus 中提取活性多酚的方法,其纯度为 98%,自由基清除活性相当于每克提取物中 862 毫克抗坏血酸。使用两组人(健康人(HP)和慢性未分化淋巴细胞白血病患者(LP))的静脉血对多酚的免疫刺激作用进行了体外评估。多酚激活了免疫功能细胞的表面特性。具体来说,多酚剂量依赖性地将细胞扩散和粘附的百分比提高了 2-3 倍。此外,多酚还能将 LP 血液中活化淋巴细胞的数量增加到 HP 所特有的水平。鉴于其天然来源、高活性、无毒性和简单的生产工艺,所研究的这些多酚在用作新药或具有免疫刺激作用的活性成分方面具有巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
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