Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.108.205416
Esteban A. Rodríguez-Mena, José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel, Gaëtan Veste, Biel Martinez, Jing Li, Benoît Sklénard, Yann-Michel Niquet
We investigate the existence of linear-in-momentum spin orbit interactions in the valence band of Ge/GeSi heterostructures using an atomistic tight-binding method. We show that symmetry breaking at the Ge/GeSi interfaces gives rise to a linear Dresselhaus-type interaction for heavy holes. This interaction results from the heavy-hole/light-hole mixings induced by the interfaces and can be captured by a suitable correction to the minimal Luttinger-Kohn, four bands $mathbf{k}ifmmodecdotelsetextperiodcenteredfi{}mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian. It is dependent on the steepness of the Ge/GeSi interfaces, and is suppressed if interdiffusion is strong enough. Besides the Dresselhaus interaction, the Ge/GeSi interfaces also make a contribution to the in-plane gyromagnetic $g$ factors of the holes. The tight-binding calculations also highlight the existence of a small linear Rashba interaction resulting from the couplings between the heavy-hole/light-hole manifold and the conduction band enabled by the low structural symmetry of Ge/GeSi heterostructures. These interactions can be leveraged to drive the hole spin. The linear Dresselhaus interaction may, in particular, dominate the physics of the devices for out-of-plane magnetic fields. When the magnetic field lies in-plane, it is, however, usually far less efficient than the $g$-tensor modulation mechanisms arising from the motion of the dot in nonseparable, inhomogeneous electric fields and strains.
{"title":"Linear-in-momentum spin orbit interactions in planar Ge/GeSi heterostructures and spin qubits","authors":"Esteban A. Rodríguez-Mena, José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel, Gaëtan Veste, Biel Martinez, Jing Li, Benoît Sklénard, Yann-Michel Niquet","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.108.205416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.108.205416","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the existence of linear-in-momentum spin orbit interactions in the valence band of Ge/GeSi heterostructures using an atomistic tight-binding method. We show that symmetry breaking at the Ge/GeSi interfaces gives rise to a linear Dresselhaus-type interaction for heavy holes. This interaction results from the heavy-hole/light-hole mixings induced by the interfaces and can be captured by a suitable correction to the minimal Luttinger-Kohn, four bands $mathbf{k}ifmmodecdotelsetextperiodcenteredfi{}mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian. It is dependent on the steepness of the Ge/GeSi interfaces, and is suppressed if interdiffusion is strong enough. Besides the Dresselhaus interaction, the Ge/GeSi interfaces also make a contribution to the in-plane gyromagnetic $g$ factors of the holes. The tight-binding calculations also highlight the existence of a small linear Rashba interaction resulting from the couplings between the heavy-hole/light-hole manifold and the conduction band enabled by the low structural symmetry of Ge/GeSi heterostructures. These interactions can be leveraged to drive the hole spin. The linear Dresselhaus interaction may, in particular, dominate the physics of the devices for out-of-plane magnetic fields. When the magnetic field lies in-plane, it is, however, usually far less efficient than the $g$-tensor modulation mechanisms arising from the motion of the dot in nonseparable, inhomogeneous electric fields and strains.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"37 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.108.094021
David R. Junior, Luis E. Oxman, Gustavo M. Simões
In this work, we analyze a large class of effective Yang-Mills-Higgs models constructed in terms of adjoint scalars. In particular, we reproduce asymptotic properties of the confining string, suggested by lattice simulations of $SU(N)$ pure Yang-Mills theory, in models that are stable in the whole range of Higgs-field mass parameters. These properties include $N$-ality, Abelian-like flux-tube profiles, independence of the profiles with the $N$-ality of the quark representation, and Casimir scaling. We find that although these models are formulated in terms of many fields and possible Higgs potentials, a collective behavior can be established in a large region of parameter space, where the desired asymptotic behavior is realized.
{"title":"Prospecting effective Yang-Mills-Higgs models for the asymptotic confining flux tube","authors":"David R. Junior, Luis E. Oxman, Gustavo M. Simões","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.108.094021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.108.094021","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we analyze a large class of effective Yang-Mills-Higgs models constructed in terms of adjoint scalars. In particular, we reproduce asymptotic properties of the confining string, suggested by lattice simulations of $SU(N)$ pure Yang-Mills theory, in models that are stable in the whole range of Higgs-field mass parameters. These properties include $N$-ality, Abelian-like flux-tube profiles, independence of the profiles with the $N$-ality of the quark representation, and Casimir scaling. We find that although these models are formulated in terms of many fields and possible Higgs potentials, a collective behavior can be established in a large region of parameter space, where the desired asymptotic behavior is realized.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"10 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physreva.108.053711
Anirudh Lanka, Todd Brun
We propose a technique to improve the probability of single-photon emission with an electrically pumped quantum dot in an optical microcavity by continuously monitoring the dot's energy state and using feedback to control when to stop pumping. The goal is to boost the probability of single-photon emission while bounding the probability of two or more photons. We model the system by a stochastic master equation that includes postmeasurement operations. Ideally, feedback should be based on the entire continuous measurement record, but in practice, it may be difficult to do such processing in real time. We show that even a simple threshold-based feedback scheme using measurements at a single time can improve performance over deterministic (open-loop) pumping. This technique is particularly useful for strong dot-cavity coupling with lower rates of pumping, as can be the case for electrical pumping. It is also numerically tractable since we can perform ensemble averaging with a single master equation rather than averaging over a large number of quantum trajectories.
{"title":"Improving a quantum-dot-based single-photon source with continuous measurements","authors":"Anirudh Lanka, Todd Brun","doi":"10.1103/physreva.108.053711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.053711","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a technique to improve the probability of single-photon emission with an electrically pumped quantum dot in an optical microcavity by continuously monitoring the dot's energy state and using feedback to control when to stop pumping. The goal is to boost the probability of single-photon emission while bounding the probability of two or more photons. We model the system by a stochastic master equation that includes postmeasurement operations. Ideally, feedback should be based on the entire continuous measurement record, but in practice, it may be difficult to do such processing in real time. We show that even a simple threshold-based feedback scheme using measurements at a single time can improve performance over deterministic (open-loop) pumping. This technique is particularly useful for strong dot-cavity coupling with lower rates of pumping, as can be the case for electrical pumping. It is also numerically tractable since we can perform ensemble averaging with a single master equation rather than averaging over a large number of quantum trajectories.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"34 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054121
Haodong Zhang, Fei Wang, Britta Nestler
We deduce a thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model to study the line tension phenomenon of sessile droplets. By extending the standard Cahn-Hilliard model via modifying the free energy functional due to the spatial reflection asymmetry at the substrate, we provide an alternative interpretation for the wall energy. In particular, we find the connection of the line tension effect with the droplet-matrix-substrate triple interactions. This finding reveals that the apparent contact angle deviating from Young's law is contributed by the wall energy reduction as well as the line energy minimization. Besides, the intrinsic negative line tension resulting from the curvature effect is observed in our simulations and shows good accordance with recent experiments [Tan et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 064003 (2023)]. Moreover, our model sheds light upon the understanding of the wetting edge formation which results from the vying effect of wall energy and line tension.
{"title":"Line tension of sessile droplets: Thermodynamic considerations","authors":"Haodong Zhang, Fei Wang, Britta Nestler","doi":"10.1103/physreve.108.054121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.108.054121","url":null,"abstract":"We deduce a thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model to study the line tension phenomenon of sessile droplets. By extending the standard Cahn-Hilliard model via modifying the free energy functional due to the spatial reflection asymmetry at the substrate, we provide an alternative interpretation for the wall energy. In particular, we find the connection of the line tension effect with the droplet-matrix-substrate triple interactions. This finding reveals that the apparent contact angle deviating from Young's law is contributed by the wall energy reduction as well as the line energy minimization. Besides, the intrinsic negative line tension resulting from the curvature effect is observed in our simulations and shows good accordance with recent experiments [Tan et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 064003 (2023)]. Moreover, our model sheds light upon the understanding of the wetting edge formation which results from the vying effect of wall energy and line tension.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"31 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.108.195127
Jin Cao, Shijie Hu, Zhiping Yin, Ke Xia
A neural network is a powerful tool that can uncover hidden laws beyond human intuition. However, it often appears as a black box due to its complicated nonlinear structures. By drawing upon the Gutzwiller mean-field theory, we can showcase a principle of sign rules for ordered states in qubit lattice models. We introduce a shallow feed-forward neural network with a single hidden neuron to present these sign rules. We conduct systematical benchmarks in various models, including the generalized Ising, spin-$1/2$ XY, (frustrated) Heisenberg rings, triangular XY antiferromagnet on a torus, and the Fermi-Hubbard ring at an arbitrary filling. These benchmarks show that all the leading-order sign rule characteristics can be visualized in classical forms, such as pitch angles. Besides, quantum fluctuations can result in an imperfect accuracy rate quantitatively.
{"title":"Principle of learning sign rules by neural networks in qubit lattice models","authors":"Jin Cao, Shijie Hu, Zhiping Yin, Ke Xia","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.108.195127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.108.195127","url":null,"abstract":"A neural network is a powerful tool that can uncover hidden laws beyond human intuition. However, it often appears as a black box due to its complicated nonlinear structures. By drawing upon the Gutzwiller mean-field theory, we can showcase a principle of sign rules for ordered states in qubit lattice models. We introduce a shallow feed-forward neural network with a single hidden neuron to present these sign rules. We conduct systematical benchmarks in various models, including the generalized Ising, spin-$1/2$ XY, (frustrated) Heisenberg rings, triangular XY antiferromagnet on a torus, and the Fermi-Hubbard ring at an arbitrary filling. These benchmarks show that all the leading-order sign rule characteristics can be visualized in classical forms, such as pitch angles. Besides, quantum fluctuations can result in an imperfect accuracy rate quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"36 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.108.l201112
Mauro Fava, William Lafargue-Dit-Hauret, Aldo H. Romero, Eric Bousquet
We explore from first-principles calculations the ferroelectric material ${mathrm{Pb}}_{5}{mathrm{Ge}}_{3}{mathrm{O}}_{11}$ as a model for controlling the spin-orbit interaction (SOC) in crystalline solids. The SOC has a surprisingly strong effect on the structural energy landscape by deepening the ferroelectric double well. We observe that this effect comes from a specific Pb Wyckoff site that lies on the verge of a natural cavity channel of the crystal. We also find that a unique cavity state is formed by the empty $6p$ states of another Pb site at the edge of the cavity channel. This cavity state exhibits a sizable spin splitting with a mixed Rashba-Weyl character and a topologically protected crossing of the related bands. We also show that the ferroelectric properties and the significant SOC effects are exceptionally robust in the presence of n-type doping at levels of up to several electrons per unit cell. We trace the provenance of these original effects to the unique combination of the structural cavity channel and the chemistry of the Pb atoms with $6p$ orbitals localizing inside the channel.
{"title":"Large and tunable spin-orbit effect of 6p orbitals through structural cavities in crystals","authors":"Mauro Fava, William Lafargue-Dit-Hauret, Aldo H. Romero, Eric Bousquet","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.108.l201112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.108.l201112","url":null,"abstract":"We explore from first-principles calculations the ferroelectric material ${mathrm{Pb}}_{5}{mathrm{Ge}}_{3}{mathrm{O}}_{11}$ as a model for controlling the spin-orbit interaction (SOC) in crystalline solids. The SOC has a surprisingly strong effect on the structural energy landscape by deepening the ferroelectric double well. We observe that this effect comes from a specific Pb Wyckoff site that lies on the verge of a natural cavity channel of the crystal. We also find that a unique cavity state is formed by the empty $6p$ states of another Pb site at the edge of the cavity channel. This cavity state exhibits a sizable spin splitting with a mixed Rashba-Weyl character and a topologically protected crossing of the related bands. We also show that the ferroelectric properties and the significant SOC effects are exceptionally robust in the presence of n-type doping at levels of up to several electrons per unit cell. We trace the provenance of these original effects to the unique combination of the structural cavity channel and the chemistry of the Pb atoms with $6p$ orbitals localizing inside the channel.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054123
D. R. Michiel Renger, Upanshu Sharma
Using the theory of large deviations, macroscopic fluctuation theory provides a framework to understand the behavior of nonequilibrium dynamics and steady states in diffusive systems. We extend this framework to a minimal model of a nonequilibrium nondiffusive system, specifically an open linear network on a finite graph. We explicitly calculate the dissipative bulk and boundary forces that drive the system towards the steady state, and the nondissipative bulk and boundary forces that drive the system in orbits around the steady state. Using the fact that these forces are orthogonal in a certain sense, we provide a decomposition of the large-deviation cost into dissipative and nondissipative terms. We establish that the purely nondissipative force turns the dynamics into a Hamiltonian system. These theoretical findings are illustrated by numerical examples.
{"title":"Untangling dissipative and Hamiltonian effects in bulk and boundary-driven systems","authors":"D. R. Michiel Renger, Upanshu Sharma","doi":"10.1103/physreve.108.054123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.108.054123","url":null,"abstract":"Using the theory of large deviations, macroscopic fluctuation theory provides a framework to understand the behavior of nonequilibrium dynamics and steady states in diffusive systems. We extend this framework to a minimal model of a nonequilibrium nondiffusive system, specifically an open linear network on a finite graph. We explicitly calculate the dissipative bulk and boundary forces that drive the system towards the steady state, and the nondissipative bulk and boundary forces that drive the system in orbits around the steady state. Using the fact that these forces are orthogonal in a certain sense, we provide a decomposition of the large-deviation cost into dissipative and nondissipative terms. We establish that the purely nondissipative force turns the dynamics into a Hamiltonian system. These theoretical findings are illustrated by numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"42 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.108.l201113
Shaozhi Li, Steven Johnston
We study a multiorbital Hubbard--Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for the one-dimensional (1D) corner-shared cuprates in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic limits using exact diagonalization and determinant quantum Monte Carlo. At half filling and in the adiabatic limit, lattice dimerization can be achieved only over a narrow range of couplings slightly below a critical coupling ${g}_{c}$. Beyond this value, the sign of the effective hopping changes, and the lattice becomes unstable. Strong lattice fluctuations replace the dimerization state in the nonadiabatic case. We also examine the model's temperature-dependent uniform and dynamical magnetic susceptibilities and compare them to the results of an effective spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model. In doing so, we demonstrate that lattice fluctuations induced by the $e$-ph interaction suppress the effective superexchange interaction when $g<{g}_{c}$. Our results elucidate the effect of bond-stretching phonons in the parent cuprate compounds in general and are particularly relevant to 1D cuprates, where strong $e$-ph interactions have recently been inferred.
{"title":"Suppressed superexchange interactions in the cuprates by bond-stretching oxygen phonons","authors":"Shaozhi Li, Steven Johnston","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.108.l201113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.108.l201113","url":null,"abstract":"We study a multiorbital Hubbard--Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for the one-dimensional (1D) corner-shared cuprates in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic limits using exact diagonalization and determinant quantum Monte Carlo. At half filling and in the adiabatic limit, lattice dimerization can be achieved only over a narrow range of couplings slightly below a critical coupling ${g}_{c}$. Beyond this value, the sign of the effective hopping changes, and the lattice becomes unstable. Strong lattice fluctuations replace the dimerization state in the nonadiabatic case. We also examine the model's temperature-dependent uniform and dynamical magnetic susceptibilities and compare them to the results of an effective spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model. In doing so, we demonstrate that lattice fluctuations induced by the $e$-ph interaction suppress the effective superexchange interaction when $g<{g}_{c}$. Our results elucidate the effect of bond-stretching phonons in the parent cuprate compounds in general and are particularly relevant to 1D cuprates, where strong $e$-ph interactions have recently been inferred.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"40 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1103/physreva.108.053113
M. Žitnik, M. Hrast, A. Mihelič, K. Bučar, J. Turnšek, R. Püttner, G. Goldsztejn, T. Marchenko, R. Guillemin, L. Journel, O. Travnikova, I. Ismail, M. N. Piancastelli, M. Simon, D. Ceolin, M. Kavčič
The natural widths of atomic resonances do not broaden spectral lines of emitted particles, which makes the corresponding spectroscopies suitable for high-resolution studies of x-ray absorption. While resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) results in a narrow-band x-ray signal which primarily depends on the charge of the emitter, the resonant Auger (RA) emission is more dispersed and promises the separation of individual atomic resonances. To disentangle the $1{s}^{ensuremath{-}1}3{p}^{ensuremath{-}1}nl{n}^{ensuremath{'}}{l}^{ensuremath{'}}$ absorption spectrum in Ar, we have measured a sequence of $K{M}_{23}ensuremath{-}{L}_{23}^{2}{M}_{23}$ RA spectra with a high experimental resolution. Although only parts of the RA spectra were reliably isolated due to the strong overlap with the intense $Kensuremath{-}{L}^{2}$ Auger emission from ions, the data analysis shows contributions from separate groups of resonances to the Auger signal in greater detail compared to the previous high-resolution absorption and RIXS studies. The calculated differential cross sections are consistent with the available experimental results when the angular dependence of RA emission and the interference of absorption-emission paths through different resonances are accounted for.
{"title":"Auger decay of 1s−13p−1nln′l′ doubly excited …","authors":"M. Žitnik, M. Hrast, A. Mihelič, K. Bučar, J. Turnšek, R. Püttner, G. Goldsztejn, T. Marchenko, R. Guillemin, L. Journel, O. Travnikova, I. Ismail, M. N. Piancastelli, M. Simon, D. Ceolin, M. Kavčič","doi":"10.1103/physreva.108.053113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.053113","url":null,"abstract":"The natural widths of atomic resonances do not broaden spectral lines of emitted particles, which makes the corresponding spectroscopies suitable for high-resolution studies of x-ray absorption. While resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) results in a narrow-band x-ray signal which primarily depends on the charge of the emitter, the resonant Auger (RA) emission is more dispersed and promises the separation of individual atomic resonances. To disentangle the $1{s}^{ensuremath{-}1}3{p}^{ensuremath{-}1}nl{n}^{ensuremath{'}}{l}^{ensuremath{'}}$ absorption spectrum in Ar, we have measured a sequence of $K{M}_{23}ensuremath{-}{L}_{23}^{2}{M}_{23}$ RA spectra with a high experimental resolution. Although only parts of the RA spectra were reliably isolated due to the strong overlap with the intense $Kensuremath{-}{L}^{2}$ Auger emission from ions, the data analysis shows contributions from separate groups of resonances to the Auger signal in greater detail compared to the previous high-resolution absorption and RIXS studies. The calculated differential cross sections are consistent with the available experimental results when the angular dependence of RA emission and the interference of absorption-emission paths through different resonances are accounted for.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"54 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1103/physreva.108.053309
S. Nikolaou, G. M. Kavoulakis, M. Ögren
We investigate the rotational properties of a two-component, two-dimensional self-bound quantum droplet, which is confined in a harmonic potential and compare them with the well-known problem of a single-component atomic gas with contact interactions. For a fixed value of the trap frequency, choosing some representative values of the atom number, we determine the lowest-energy state, as the angular momentum increases. For a sufficiently small number of atoms, the angular momentum is carried via center-of-mass excitation. For larger values, when the angular momentum is sufficiently small, we observe vortex excitation instead. Depending on the actual atom number, one or more vortices enter the droplet. Beyond some critical value of the angular momentum, however, the droplet does not accommodate more vortices and the additional angular momentum is carried via center-of-mass excitation in a ``mixed'' state. Finally, the excitation spectrum is also briefly discussed.
{"title":"Rotating quantum droplets confined in a harmonic potential","authors":"S. Nikolaou, G. M. Kavoulakis, M. Ögren","doi":"10.1103/physreva.108.053309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.053309","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the rotational properties of a two-component, two-dimensional self-bound quantum droplet, which is confined in a harmonic potential and compare them with the well-known problem of a single-component atomic gas with contact interactions. For a fixed value of the trap frequency, choosing some representative values of the atom number, we determine the lowest-energy state, as the angular momentum increases. For a sufficiently small number of atoms, the angular momentum is carried via center-of-mass excitation. For larger values, when the angular momentum is sufficiently small, we observe vortex excitation instead. Depending on the actual atom number, one or more vortices enter the droplet. Beyond some critical value of the angular momentum, however, the droplet does not accommodate more vortices and the additional angular momentum is carried via center-of-mass excitation in a ``mixed'' state. Finally, the excitation spectrum is also briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":20121,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review","volume":"19 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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