Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is a potential tool in the field of in situ CO2 conversion with the low‐pressure environment of Mars. CO is an important intermediate product in the conversion process of CO2. Understanding the pathways and dynamics that govern the generation of CO in CO2 plasmas establishes the foundation for effective regulation. In this work, parallel‐plate DBD structure was employed in our experiment and one‐dimensional fluid simulation model. The findings indicate that CO primarily originates at the boundary of the cathode potential fall region, and it subsequently migrates toward the surface of instantaneous cathode where it accumulates. The thickness of CO‐enriched region is approximately 0.8 mm. During this process, CO migration speed reaches about 2000 m/s. It is worth noting that surface reactions at the instantaneous cathode and anode surfaces contribute only 0.24% to CO generation, in contrast to the predominant influence of impact dissociation reaction between CO2 and electrons (e + CO2 → 2e + CO + O+) at 53.21%, and two‐body decomposition reaction between O+ and CO2 (O+ + CO2 → O +2 + CO) at 35.88%. Finally, the primary factors influencing the migration of CO from production sites to enrichment regions are determined to be particle collisions and momentum exchange between ions and CO, followed by electro‐hydro dynamics force, while dielectrophoresis forces have minimal effect.
介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体是在火星低压环境下进行二氧化碳就地转化的一种潜在工具。二氧化碳是二氧化碳转化过程中的重要中间产物。了解二氧化碳等离子体中产生二氧化碳的途径和动态，为有效调节奠定了基础。在这项工作中，我们在实验和一维流体模拟模型中采用了平行板 DBD 结构。研究结果表明，CO 主要起源于阴极电位下降区的边界，随后向瞬时阴极表面迁移，并在该处聚集。CO 富集区的厚度约为 0.8 毫米。在此过程中，CO 的迁移速度约为 2000 米/秒。值得注意的是，瞬时阴极和阳极表面的表面反应对 CO 生成的贡献率仅为 0.24%，相比之下，CO2 与电子之间的撞击解离反应（e + CO2 → 2e + CO + O+）和 O+ 与 CO2 之间的双体分解反应（O+ + CO2 → O +2 + CO）对 CO 生成的贡献率分别为 53.21%和 35.88%。最后，确定影响 CO 从产地向富集区迁移的主要因素是粒子碰撞和离子与 CO 之间的动量交换，其次是电-水动力学力，而介电泳力的影响微乎其微。
{"title":"Generation and migration of CO in CO2 DBD glow plasma under Martian pressure","authors":"Qiang Fu, Zifan Ye, Honglin Guo, Zhixin Duan, Jialun Luo, Zhengshi Chang","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400085","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is a potential tool in the field of in situ CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> conversion with the low‐pressure environment of Mars. CO is an important intermediate product in the conversion process of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Understanding the pathways and dynamics that govern the generation of CO in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> plasmas establishes the foundation for effective regulation. In this work, parallel‐plate DBD structure was employed in our experiment and one‐dimensional fluid simulation model. The findings indicate that CO primarily originates at the boundary of the cathode potential fall region, and it subsequently migrates toward the surface of instantaneous cathode where it accumulates. The thickness of CO‐enriched region is approximately 0.8 mm. During this process, CO migration speed reaches about 2000 m/s. It is worth noting that surface reactions at the instantaneous cathode and anode surfaces contribute only 0.24% to CO generation, in contrast to the predominant influence of impact dissociation reaction between CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and electrons (e + CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> → 2e + CO + O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>) at 53.21%, and two‐body decomposition reaction between O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> + CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> → O<jats:sup> +</jats:sup><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> + CO) at 35.88%. Finally, the primary factors influencing the migration of CO from production sites to enrichment regions are determined to be particle collisions and momentum exchange between ions and CO, followed by electro‐hydro dynamics force, while dielectrophoresis forces have minimal effect.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yury Gorbanev, Anton Nikiforov, Igor Fedirchyk, Annemie Bogaerts
Plasma–liquid systems are best recognised in biomedicine, where the generation of plasma‐treated water and complex organic‐containing solutions affords biological effects. However, plasma interactions with liquids are more diverse. In this review, we look from the chemical point of view at the three fields of plasma–liquid interaction in which plasma is used to convert organic substrates. In wastewater treatment, plasma decomposes organic substances: the selectivity towards specific products is less crucial than process energy costs. In the conversion of organic liquids for sustainable energy purposes, the carbon and hydrogen selectivity to syngas are important, but these are still destructive reactions yielding small molecules. Finally, we provide a comprehensive plasma application list for synthetic organic chemistry and discuss their mechanisms and limitations.
{"title":"Organic reactions in plasma–liquid systems for environmental applications","authors":"Yury Gorbanev, Anton Nikiforov, Igor Fedirchyk, Annemie Bogaerts","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400149","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma–liquid systems are best recognised in biomedicine, where the generation of plasma‐treated water and complex organic‐containing solutions affords biological effects. However, plasma interactions with liquids are more diverse. In this review, we look from the chemical point of view at the three fields of plasma–liquid interaction in which plasma is used to convert organic substrates. In wastewater treatment, plasma decomposes organic substances: the selectivity towards specific products is less crucial than process energy costs. In the conversion of organic liquids for sustainable energy purposes, the carbon and hydrogen selectivity to syngas are important, but these are still destructive reactions yielding small molecules. Finally, we provide a comprehensive plasma application list for synthetic organic chemistry and discuss their mechanisms and limitations.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osama A. Shabaek, Mohammad A. Kher‐Elden, Zakaria M. Abd El‐Fattah, Farouk F. Elakshar, Osama Yassin
Plasma‐based technologies offer environmentally friendly means of effective water purification. Here, we present a discharge system with He + 1% . Tunable amounts of were introduced to control the yield of reactive species. Detailed exploration of the system provides a deeper understanding of some of the fundamental chemical kinetics related to plasma‐based wastewater treatment. A global model was used to investigate the effect of additions on the yield of some important reactive species for advanced oxidation treatment of wastewater. Humidity leakage was considered to simulate the effect of humidified environments. The pathway analysis module provides deeper insight into chemical kinetics. It was concluded that additives can be used in tailoring plasma yield for water treatment applications.
基于等离子体的技术为有效净化水提供了环保手段。在这里，我们介绍了一种 He + 1% 的放电系统。我们引入了可调量的氦气来控制反应物的产量。通过对该系统的详细探索，我们可以更深入地了解与基于等离子体的废水处理相关的一些基本化学动力学。我们使用了一个全局模型来研究添加物对一些重要反应物产量的影响，这些反应物可用于废水的高级氧化处理。考虑了湿度泄漏，以模拟潮湿环境的影响。路径分析模块对化学动力学有更深入的了解。结论是，添加剂可用于调整水处理应用中的等离子产率。
{"title":"Theoretical investigation on the influence of H2 ${{rm{H}}}_{2}$ additions on the He + 1% O2 ${{rm{O}}}_{2}$ plasma reactivity for water treatment applications","authors":"Osama A. Shabaek, Mohammad A. Kher‐Elden, Zakaria M. Abd El‐Fattah, Farouk F. Elakshar, Osama Yassin","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400105","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma‐based technologies offer environmentally friendly means of effective water purification. Here, we present a discharge system with He + 1% . Tunable amounts of were introduced to control the yield of reactive species. Detailed exploration of the system provides a deeper understanding of some of the fundamental chemical kinetics related to plasma‐based wastewater treatment. A global model was used to investigate the effect of additions on the yield of some important reactive species for advanced oxidation treatment of wastewater. Humidity leakage was considered to simulate the effect of humidified environments. The pathway analysis module provides deeper insight into chemical kinetics. It was concluded that additives can be used in tailoring plasma yield for water treatment applications.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pyrolysis of methane is a promising, new, greenhouse gas‐free production method of hydrogen. Here, we present optical emission spectra of a microwave plasma torch operated in an argon–methane mixture. Detailed spatial resolution is achieved by means of Abel inversion. The emission spectra are dominated by dicarbon Swan bands and black body radiation from carbon nanoparticles. Both spectral features are utilized to estimate the gas temperature. In the center of the plasma, gas temperatures of up to 4300 K are reached with large gradients (500 Kmm‐1) in the radial direction. The thermal equilibrium chemistry and the kinetics of methane pyrolysis are analyzed to explain the observed coupling between the local gas temperature and the local emission.
{"title":"Space‐resolved gas temperature of a microwave plasma torch used for hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis","authors":"Simon Kreuznacht, Marc Böke, Achim von Keudell","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400089","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis of methane is a promising, new, greenhouse gas‐free production method of hydrogen. Here, we present optical emission spectra of a microwave plasma torch operated in an argon–methane mixture. Detailed spatial resolution is achieved by means of Abel inversion. The emission spectra are dominated by dicarbon Swan bands and black body radiation from carbon nanoparticles. Both spectral features are utilized to estimate the gas temperature. In the center of the plasma, gas temperatures of up to 4300 K are reached with large gradients (500 Kmm<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>) in the radial direction. The thermal equilibrium chemistry and the kinetics of methane pyrolysis are analyzed to explain the observed coupling between the local gas temperature and the local emission.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma‐activated mist (PAM) has seen increasingly widespread applications in areas such as surface disinfection and fog cultivation. The high‐resolution time diagnostics of ns pulse plasma interacting with micron‐sized droplets under high‐humidity conditions is challenging to achieve with existing experimental methods. This paper employs a global model to study the interaction between plasma and droplets, offering a detailed analysis of the plasma's transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. It was discovered that in high‐humidity environments, hydrated ions become the predominant ion species. These acidic active substances in PAM droplets are the primary factors in the mist's ability to kill bacteria. The paper further examines how variations in droplet size and discharge voltage influence the PAM's activity.
{"title":"Nanosecond pulse plasma activation of micron‐sized mist droplets","authors":"Cuntao lan, Yuran Yin, Dawei Liu, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400113","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma‐activated mist (PAM) has seen increasingly widespread applications in areas such as surface disinfection and fog cultivation. The high‐resolution time diagnostics of ns pulse plasma interacting with micron‐sized droplets under high‐humidity conditions is challenging to achieve with existing experimental methods. This paper employs a global model to study the interaction between plasma and droplets, offering a detailed analysis of the plasma's transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. It was discovered that in high‐humidity environments, hydrated ions become the predominant ion species. These acidic active substances in PAM droplets are the primary factors in the mist's ability to kill bacteria. The paper further examines how variations in droplet size and discharge voltage influence the PAM's activity.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camilo Rendon Piedrahita, Kamal Baba, Robert Quintana, Patrick Choquet
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane (OTMSD), a cyclic silazane precursor, is deposited via atmospheric pressure plasma onto a substrate. The resulting coating exhibits a dual surface roughness, contributing to a significant reduction of surface wettability. Notably, the coating exhibits superhydrophobic characteristics, proven by a water contact angle of approximately 170°, hysteresis angle below 10°, very low tilting angle (<10°), and droplet‐bouncing effect. Importantly, this superhydrophobicity is achieved using OTMSD as fluorine‐free precursor with low reactivity to water. Furthermore, the deposition process is carried out using a commercially available plasma device highlighting its practicality and scalability for large‐scale production.
{"title":"Superhydrophobic surface development via atmospheric pressure plasma deposition of cyclic silazane","authors":"Camilo Rendon Piedrahita, Kamal Baba, Robert Quintana, Patrick Choquet","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400097","url":null,"abstract":"1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane (OTMSD), a cyclic silazane precursor, is deposited via atmospheric pressure plasma onto a substrate. The resulting coating exhibits a dual surface roughness, contributing to a significant reduction of surface wettability. Notably, the coating exhibits superhydrophobic characteristics, proven by a water contact angle of approximately 170°, hysteresis angle below 10°, very low tilting angle (<10°), and droplet‐bouncing effect. Importantly, this superhydrophobicity is achieved using OTMSD as fluorine‐free precursor with low reactivity to water. Furthermore, the deposition process is carried out using a commercially available plasma device highlighting its practicality and scalability for large‐scale production.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) therapy has been proven to effectively inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors. However, there is no research to explain how plasma‐induced anticancer effects can be transmitted to cancer cells through normal cells. Here, we monitored the effects of plasma‐irradiated HaCaT cells on nonirradiated A375 and HaCaT cells in terms of cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in vitro. The experimental results indicated that plasma irradiation may induce plasma‐irradiated HaCaT cells to release soluble factors into the cell culture medium, thereby selectively killing nonirradiated A375 cells. The plasma‐generated short‐lived species play a crucial role in the release of soluble factors. Our research showed that plasma‐induced anticancer effects can be transmitted to deep nonirradiated cancer cells through plasma‐irradiated normal cells.
{"title":"Study on the anticancer effects of cold atmospheric plasma on deep subcutaneous tumor cells","authors":"Jishen Zhang, Shengduo Xu, Jinkun Chen, Weiji Yang, Tong Wu, Zifeng Wang, Li Guo, Dingxin Liu, Hao Zhang, Yujing Xu, Mingzhe Rong","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400108","url":null,"abstract":"Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) therapy has been proven to effectively inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors. However, there is no research to explain how plasma‐induced anticancer effects can be transmitted to cancer cells through normal cells. Here, we monitored the effects of plasma‐irradiated HaCaT cells on nonirradiated A375 and HaCaT cells in terms of cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in vitro. The experimental results indicated that plasma irradiation may induce plasma‐irradiated HaCaT cells to release soluble factors into the cell culture medium, thereby selectively killing nonirradiated A375 cells. The plasma‐generated short‐lived species play a crucial role in the release of soluble factors. Our research showed that plasma‐induced anticancer effects can be transmitted to deep nonirradiated cancer cells through plasma‐irradiated normal cells.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Lv, Chuansheng Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Shaojun Xu, Zhaoliang Xing, Tao Shao
Polymer film capacitors experience a sharp decrease in charge–discharge efficiency and energy density under high‐temperature environments, which remains an urgent issue to address. In this article, atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is used to deposit TiO2 to improve the energy storage performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film in high‐temperature environment. The APPJ uses argon as the working gas and adopts a multielectrode grounding configuration to obtain the stable jet state. The precursor solution is prepared using tetraethyl titanate (TET) mixed with ethanol in a ratio of 5:3. The results show that the charge–discharge efficiency and discharge energy density (from 3.1 to 5.7 J cm–3) of BOPP films deposited by APPJ are improved at 120°C.
{"title":"Improving high‐temperature capacitive energy storage of biaxially oriented polypropylene through titanium dioxide deposition layer by atmospheric pressure plasma jets","authors":"Li Lv, Chuansheng Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Shaojun Xu, Zhaoliang Xing, Tao Shao","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400122","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer film capacitors experience a sharp decrease in charge–discharge efficiency and energy density under high‐temperature environments, which remains an urgent issue to address. In this article, atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is used to deposit TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to improve the energy storage performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film in high‐temperature environment. The APPJ uses argon as the working gas and adopts a multielectrode grounding configuration to obtain the stable jet state. The precursor solution is prepared using tetraethyl titanate (TET) mixed with ethanol in a ratio of 5:3. The results show that the charge–discharge efficiency and discharge energy density (from 3.1 to 5.7 J cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup>) of BOPP films deposited by APPJ are improved at 120°C.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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