ABSTRACT The efficiency and influencing factors during PAH‐polluted soil remediation by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) low‐temperature plasma technology are investigated in this study. Gas chromatography, microbial community structure analysis, and response surface analysis were used to optimize suitable remediation processing factors. The degradation rates of phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene reached 94.37% and 86.53%, respectively, at an initial concentration of 100.00 mg/kg, whereas optimal parameters for the system were identified as 130 V for voltage, 160 Hz for frequency, 0.60 L/min for gas flow rate, and 40 min for discharge time. Comprehensively, DBD plasma is an efficient, low‐energy, and sustainable remediation technology according to the energy consumption calculation and comparison with the relevant literature.
{"title":"Remediation Efficiency and Influencing Factors of PAHs‐Contaminated Soil by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor: DBD System Parameters, Soil Characteristics, and Microbial Properties","authors":"Yichi Ma, Xiaolong Gao, Aoran Li, Ben Zhang, Bing Xiao, Weiran Wang, Jing Mei, Jianli Jia","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The efficiency and influencing factors during PAH‐polluted soil remediation by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) low‐temperature plasma technology are investigated in this study. Gas chromatography, microbial community structure analysis, and response surface analysis were used to optimize suitable remediation processing factors. The degradation rates of phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene reached 94.37% and 86.53%, respectively, at an initial concentration of 100.00 mg/kg, whereas optimal parameters for the system were identified as 130 V for voltage, 160 Hz for frequency, 0.60 L/min for gas flow rate, and 40 min for discharge time. Comprehensively, DBD plasma is an efficient, low‐energy, and sustainable remediation technology according to the energy consumption calculation and comparison with the relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ppap.202400217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rongzhao Jia, Shenli Jia, Jiajian Zhang, Yongpeng Mo, Zongqian Shi
ABSTRACT A method for in situ fabrication of Al@C nanocomposite energetic additives through pulsed discharge in liquid cyclohexane has been proposed. The obtained Al@C nanocomposites consist of large aluminum nanoparticles (over 100 nm) enveloped by fullerenes and a carbon matrix with smaller aluminum particles (under 100 nm) embedded within. DSC–TGA curves indicate that the heat release of Al@C is higher than that of micron‐sized and nano‐sized aluminum particles. Al@C nanocomposites effectively reduce the ignition delay for liquid fuels. The energy efficiency of this method is much higher than that of continuous arc ablation, with a yield of up to 2.5 mg/min. This method allows for the simple, convenient, and safe fabrication of energetic additives, presenting a promising prospect for large‐scale industrial production.
{"title":"In Situ Fabrication of Al@C Nanocomposite Energetic Additives via Pulsed Discharge in Cyclohexane","authors":"Rongzhao Jia, Shenli Jia, Jiajian Zhang, Yongpeng Mo, Zongqian Shi","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A method for in situ fabrication of Al@C nanocomposite energetic additives through pulsed discharge in liquid cyclohexane has been proposed. The obtained Al@C nanocomposites consist of large aluminum nanoparticles (over 100 nm) enveloped by fullerenes and a carbon matrix with smaller aluminum particles (under 100 nm) embedded within. DSC–TGA curves indicate that the heat release of Al@C is higher than that of micron‐sized and nano‐sized aluminum particles. Al@C nanocomposites effectively reduce the ignition delay for liquid fuels. The energy efficiency of this method is much higher than that of continuous arc ablation, with a yield of up to 2.5 mg/min. This method allows for the simple, convenient, and safe fabrication of energetic additives, presenting a promising prospect for large‐scale industrial production.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrophoretic deposition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been well‐researched; however, preparatory steps lead to MWCNT coating contamination and deposits often have weak adhesion to the substrate. This work targets these two weaknesses. First, MWCNTs were functionalized by nonthermal, radiofrequency plasma, producing oxygenated MWCNTs (O‐MWCNTs), with which water‐based suspensions were prepared. Second, an ethane‐based plasma polymer was applied on the metallic substrate as an interlayer to improve coating adhesion. O‐MWCNT coatings were produced at 5–40 V for 1–60 min. Homogeneous coatings with thicknesses up to 10 µm were achieved, the composition was 90‐95 at% carbon with the balance element being oxygen, and coating adhesion without damage was confirmed for shear stresses up to 16 Pa.
多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）的电泳沉积已经得到了充分的研究；然而，准备步骤会导致 MWCNT 涂层污染，而且沉积物与基底的附着力通常较弱。本研究针对这两个弱点进行了研究。首先，通过非热射频等离子体对 MWCNTs 进行功能化，生成含氧 MWCNTs（O-MWCNTs），并用其制备水基悬浮液。其次，在金属基底上使用乙烷基等离子聚合物作为中间层，以提高涂层的附着力。O-MWCNT 涂层在 5-40 V 的电压下持续 1-60 分钟。获得了厚度达 10 µm 的均匀涂层，碳的成分占 90-95% ，其余元素为氧，涂层附着力在剪切应力达 16 Pa 时无损坏。
{"title":"Electrophoretic Deposition of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Key Role of Plasma Functionalization and Polymerization","authors":"Lynn Hein, Sylvain Coulombe, Renzo Cecere, Rosaire Mongrain","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400137","url":null,"abstract":"The electrophoretic deposition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been well‐researched; however, preparatory steps lead to MWCNT coating contamination and deposits often have weak adhesion to the substrate. This work targets these two weaknesses. First, MWCNTs were functionalized by nonthermal, radiofrequency plasma, producing oxygenated MWCNTs (O‐MWCNTs), with which water‐based suspensions were prepared. Second, an ethane‐based plasma polymer was applied on the metallic substrate as an interlayer to improve coating adhesion. O‐MWCNT coatings were produced at 5–40 V for 1–60 min. Homogeneous coatings with thicknesses up to 10 µm were achieved, the composition was 90‐95 at% carbon with the balance element being oxygen, and coating adhesion without damage was confirmed for shear stresses up to 16 Pa.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma‐driven solution electrochemistry offers alternatives to wet‐chemical methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. This study examines how precursor solution pH affects gold nanoparticle formation, specifically the conversion of precursor ions by solvated electrons and H2O2, and particle size. Our experiments show that –enabled autocatalytic reduction selectivity is 43%–65%, suggesting a catalytic decomposition of by gold nanoparticles. The solubility of gold monomers, increasing with decreasing pH, influences nucleation and resulting particle size, affecting the particle size distribution significantly at pH between 3 and 5. A 1‐D film reaction‐diffusion model quantitatively reproduces and explains the experimental results, demonstrating the impact of pH on different plasma‐produced species, enabling the gold ion conversion and nucleation rates, which directly impact particle size distributions.
{"title":"Effect of the pH on the Formation of Gold Nanoparticles Enabled by Plasma‐Driven Solution Electrochemistry","authors":"Jae Hyun Nam, Peter Bruggeman","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400140","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma‐driven solution electrochemistry offers alternatives to wet‐chemical methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. This study examines how precursor solution pH affects gold nanoparticle formation, specifically the conversion of precursor ions by solvated electrons and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and particle size. Our experiments show that –enabled autocatalytic reduction selectivity is 43%–65%, suggesting a catalytic decomposition of by gold nanoparticles. The solubility of gold monomers, increasing with decreasing pH, influences nucleation and resulting particle size, affecting the particle size distribution significantly at pH between 3 and 5. A 1‐D film reaction‐diffusion model quantitatively reproduces and explains the experimental results, demonstrating the impact of pH on different plasma‐produced species, enabling the gold ion conversion and nucleation rates, which directly impact particle size distributions.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology that can generate various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) at room temperature and shows promising applications for skin wound healing. The effects of plasma‐treated medium (PTM) promoting cell proliferation have been verified, but the biological mechanisms involved are not well known. This study aims to assess the proliferation effect and mechanism induced by PTM on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. The results showed that the concentrations of H2O2 and NO2− inside PTM increased in a time‐dependent manner as the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment time was prolonged. The biological outcomes were determined by cell counting kit, wound healing assay, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot analysis. The cell viability and motility assays indicated that appropriate plasma conditions of short treatment time (15s‐, 30s‐ and 45s‐PTM) could promote cell proliferation, while long treatment time would inhibit cell proliferation (60s‐PTM). With an appropriate time of PTM treatment, the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor‐α (VEGF‐α) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α) was promoted and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/serine‐threonine protein kinase pathways were activated, which induced HaCaT and HUVEC cell proliferation eventually. These behaviors of cells were mainly related to the enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. These findings established a theoretical foundation for potential clinical applications of PTM in wound healing.
{"title":"Effects of cold atmospheric plasma‐treated medium on HaCaT and HUVEC cells in vitro","authors":"Mingyan Chen, Junjin Chen, Tian Xie, Zheng Chen, Guimin Xu","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400132","url":null,"abstract":"Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology that can generate various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) at room temperature and shows promising applications for skin wound healing. The effects of plasma‐treated medium (PTM) promoting cell proliferation have been verified, but the biological mechanisms involved are not well known. This study aims to assess the proliferation effect and mechanism induced by PTM on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. The results showed that the concentrations of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> inside PTM increased in a time‐dependent manner as the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment time was prolonged. The biological outcomes were determined by cell counting kit, wound healing assay, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot analysis. The cell viability and motility assays indicated that appropriate plasma conditions of short treatment time (15s‐, 30s‐ and 45s‐PTM) could promote cell proliferation, while long treatment time would inhibit cell proliferation (60s‐PTM). With an appropriate time of PTM treatment, the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor‐α (VEGF‐α) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α) was promoted and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/serine‐threonine protein kinase pathways were activated, which induced HaCaT and HUVEC cell proliferation eventually. These behaviors of cells were mainly related to the enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. These findings established a theoretical foundation for potential clinical applications of PTM in wound healing.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Т. S. Batukaev, I. V. Bilera, G. V. Krashevskaya, I. L. Epstein, Yu. A. Lebedev, A. V. Tatarinov, A. Yu. Titov
Gas chromatography was used to study the products of an atmospheric pressure microwave discharge in water with methane bubbling at incident microwave power ranging between 500 and 650 W and methane flow rate ranging between 25 and 75 mL/min. The main components of products are H2, CO, CO2, and CH4. The concentration of H2 reaches 75% with the energy consumption for hydrogen formation of 25 L/kWh. A zero‐dimensional self‐consistent nonstationary discharge model, which takes into account the process of quenching of reaction products, was developed to analyze experimental results and study mechanisms of the formation of hydrogen and carbon oxides. Taking into account the quenching of reaction products is an important and necessary part of modeling discharges in liquids.
{"title":"Hydrogen production in microwave discharge in water with barbotage of methane at atmospheric pressure: Experiment and modeling","authors":"Т. S. Batukaev, I. V. Bilera, G. V. Krashevskaya, I. L. Epstein, Yu. A. Lebedev, A. V. Tatarinov, A. Yu. Titov","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400139","url":null,"abstract":"Gas chromatography was used to study the products of an atmospheric pressure microwave discharge in water with methane bubbling at incident microwave power ranging between 500 and 650 W and methane flow rate ranging between 25 and 75 mL/min. The main components of products are H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, CO, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>. The concentration of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> reaches 75% with the energy consumption for hydrogen formation of 25 L/kWh. A zero‐dimensional self‐consistent nonstationary discharge model, which takes into account the process of quenching of reaction products, was developed to analyze experimental results and study mechanisms of the formation of hydrogen and carbon oxides. Taking into account the quenching of reaction products is an important and necessary part of modeling discharges in liquids.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution focuses on the spatial‐temporal behavior and reactive pathways of O3 produced by a surface air microdischarge in the gas and liquid phase using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate that mode transition from ozone to nitrogen oxide over time is observed at a constant input power higher than ~0.60 W/cm2. Due to the long‐lived characteristic and ionic wind, the perpendicular distribution of O3 is almost uniform. The maximum penetration depth is around 5 mm, and the gas–liquid mass transfer efficiency is approximately 0.4‱ at a depth of 1 mm, when the treatment time is 10 min. The mass transfer of O3 between gas and liquid phases is dominated by the liquid convention induced by ionic wind.
{"title":"The dynamics and transport of ozone in the gas and liquid phase generated by air surface microdischarge plasma at atmospheric pressure","authors":"Zhiwei Wang, Chen Liu, Chunlei Feng, Cuizhen Wang, Longwei Chen, Hongbin Ding, Xiaoqian Cui","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400112","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution focuses on the spatial‐temporal behavior and reactive pathways of O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> produced by a surface air microdischarge in the gas and liquid phase using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate that mode transition from ozone to nitrogen oxide over time is observed at a constant input power higher than ~0.60 W/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. Due to the long‐lived characteristic and ionic wind, the perpendicular distribution of O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is almost uniform. The maximum penetration depth is around 5 mm, and the gas–liquid mass transfer efficiency is approximately 0.4‱ at a depth of 1 mm, when the treatment time is 10 min. The mass transfer of O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> between gas and liquid phases is dominated by the liquid convention induced by ionic wind.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Reza Lotfi, Pouria Akbar Tehrani, Mohammadreza Khani, Elahe Razaghiha, Erfan Ghasemi, Babak Shokri
This article presents an experimental investigation of an argon plasma jet. It examines a commercial argon plasma jet device's physical, chemical, and biological impacts, comparing findings against global standards. The study focuses on electrical features ensuring safety for patients and consumers, finding all leakage current values within established standards. Chemical analysis of emitted gases shows no detectable levels of harmful compounds near treated skin. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals bioactive compounds within the plasma jet. UV radiation emission remains within safety thresholds. Hyperspectral imaging shows temporary increases in skin characteristics posttreatment, reverting to baseline over time. Overall, the study demonstrates the safety and potential of the argon plasma jet in skin treatment.
{"title":"Physical and chemical diagnostics of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet","authors":"Mohammad Reza Lotfi, Pouria Akbar Tehrani, Mohammadreza Khani, Elahe Razaghiha, Erfan Ghasemi, Babak Shokri","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202400077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400077","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an experimental investigation of an argon plasma jet. It examines a commercial argon plasma jet device's physical, chemical, and biological impacts, comparing findings against global standards. The study focuses on electrical features ensuring safety for patients and consumers, finding all leakage current values within established standards. Chemical analysis of emitted gases shows no detectable levels of harmful compounds near treated skin. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals bioactive compounds within the plasma jet. UV radiation emission remains within safety thresholds. Hyperspectral imaging shows temporary increases in skin characteristics posttreatment, reverting to baseline over time. Overall, the study demonstrates the safety and potential of the argon plasma jet in skin treatment.","PeriodicalId":20135,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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