Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131292
Qin-Cheng Yang , Hong-Jue Wang , Zhao-Long Hu , Xiang-Bin Zhu , Jianmin Han , Yi-Zhen Huang , Minglu Li
Despite the existence of several Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) learning algorithms designed to embed high-order structural information, most are primarily tailored for node classification and suffer from limited interpretability. To address this gap, we propose a GCN learning methodology with enhanced interpretability that embeds high-order structure information specifically for the purpose of link prediction. This paper investigates the relationship between the clustering coefficient of network structure and the link prediction performance of GCNs from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Our analysis reveals that link prediction accuracy exhibits an approximately linear correlation with various node similarity metrics. This finding uncovers a strong association between the proportion of common neighbors shared by node pairs and the correlation of features learned by the GCN. Building on this insight, we develop a novel strategy that enhances GCN’s link prediction capability by leveraging local node similarity, thereby improving the model’s interpretability. Extensive experiments on both real-world and synthetic networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
{"title":"Link prediction with graph convolutional network by integrating local similarity and clustering coefficient","authors":"Qin-Cheng Yang , Hong-Jue Wang , Zhao-Long Hu , Xiang-Bin Zhu , Jianmin Han , Yi-Zhen Huang , Minglu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the existence of several Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) learning algorithms designed to embed high-order structural information, most are primarily tailored for node classification and suffer from limited interpretability. To address this gap, we propose a GCN learning methodology with enhanced interpretability that embeds high-order structure information specifically for the purpose of link prediction. This paper investigates the relationship between the clustering coefficient of network structure and the link prediction performance of GCNs from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Our analysis reveals that link prediction accuracy exhibits an approximately linear correlation with various node similarity metrics. This finding uncovers a strong association between the proportion of common neighbors shared by node pairs and the correlation of features learned by the GCN. Building on this insight, we develop a novel strategy that enhances GCN’s link prediction capability by leveraging local node similarity, thereby improving the model’s interpretability. Extensive experiments on both real-world and synthetic networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 131292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131291
Qiqi Guo , Wangyong Lv , Zhehao Sun , Chengyan Liu , Binyan Xiong , Hailiang Liu
In real-world social games, the interaction relationships among individuals evolve dynamically. In particular, interactions involving low-benefit or low-reputation partners are often difficult to maintain in the long term, yet it is also necessary to consider that such individuals may generate substantial benefits in the future. Traditional reputation update mechanisms typically rely only on past reputation and current strategy; however, frequent strategy switching can also influence reputation, and the magnitude of reputation change differs across individuals with different reputation levels when they choose to cooperate or defect. Considering these factors, this study employs an adaptive small-world network to characterize interaction patterns under the Snowdrift Game, the Prisoner’s Dilemma, and the Stag Hunt Game. Under a newly designed reputation update mechanism, we construct a model that incorporates dynamic disconnection, reconnection, and strategy evolution, aiming to optimize the network’s structural connections and strategic choices. The results show that across all three games, the adaptive network can effectively drive the system toward a stable state of full cooperation, especially under lower payoff ratios. The initial number of neighbors and the parameters of the reputation update mechanism significantly influence the cooperation rate, and the proportion of interactions among cooperators is closely correlated with overall cooperation levels. Potential irrational factors embedded in the network update mechanism exert a certain impact on the average fitness of strategies. When the network size becomes large, the cooperation rate exhibits strong robustness with respect to network scale.
{"title":"Reputation-based feedback in adaptive small-world network: Network dynamic reorganization and strategy optimization","authors":"Qiqi Guo , Wangyong Lv , Zhehao Sun , Chengyan Liu , Binyan Xiong , Hailiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In real-world social games, the interaction relationships among individuals evolve dynamically. In particular, interactions involving low-benefit or low-reputation partners are often difficult to maintain in the long term, yet it is also necessary to consider that such individuals may generate substantial benefits in the future. Traditional reputation update mechanisms typically rely only on past reputation and current strategy; however, frequent strategy switching can also influence reputation, and the magnitude of reputation change differs across individuals with different reputation levels when they choose to cooperate or defect. Considering these factors, this study employs an adaptive small-world network to characterize interaction patterns under the Snowdrift Game, the Prisoner’s Dilemma, and the Stag Hunt Game. Under a newly designed reputation update mechanism, we construct a model that incorporates dynamic disconnection, reconnection, and strategy evolution, aiming to optimize the network’s structural connections and strategic choices. The results show that across all three games, the adaptive network can effectively drive the system toward a stable state of full cooperation, especially under lower payoff ratios. The initial number of neighbors and the parameters of the reputation update mechanism significantly influence the cooperation rate, and the proportion of interactions among cooperators is closely correlated with overall cooperation levels. Potential irrational factors embedded in the network update mechanism exert a certain impact on the average fitness of strategies. When the network size becomes large, the cooperation rate exhibits strong robustness with respect to network scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 131291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131261
Abdullah Abdullah , Mohit Verma , Kottakkaran S. Nisar
The objective of this article is to solve the non-instantaneous impulsive stochastic fractional integro-differential equation with fractional Brownian motion (NISF-FBM) using the Müntz-Legendre polynomial. To achieve this, deterministic and stochastic operational matrices of integration and differentiation of integral and fractional orders are derived for the Müntz-Legendre polynomial. In addition, we used the differential evolution method to determine the best estimate parameter in the Müntz-Legendre polynomial. A convergence analysis of the proposed method is also presented. Finally, a number of test cases are provided to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the suggested approach.
{"title":"Parameter estimation in Müntz-Legendre polynomial approximation for non-instantaneous impulsive stochastic fractional integro-differential equations with fractional Brownian motion","authors":"Abdullah Abdullah , Mohit Verma , Kottakkaran S. Nisar","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this article is to solve the non-instantaneous impulsive stochastic fractional integro-differential equation with fractional Brownian motion (NISF-FBM) using the Müntz-Legendre polynomial. To achieve this, deterministic and stochastic operational matrices of integration and differentiation of integral and fractional orders are derived for the Müntz-Legendre polynomial. In addition, we used the differential evolution method to determine the best estimate parameter in the Müntz-Legendre polynomial. A convergence analysis of the proposed method is also presented. Finally, a number of test cases are provided to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the suggested approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 131261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131290
Huilian Wei , Zaidong Li , Tianfu Xu
We investigate the stability and transmission of surface solitons in a Jacobi elliptic sine potential with a step-function nonlinearity. Through linear stability analysis and real-time evolution, we show that the stability of both fundamental and multi-peak solitons is influenced by the modulus q and coupling strength ϵ within the parameters of our study. In particular, increasing q and ϵ shifts the stable region toward smaller values of |b|, while a larger ϵ also enlarges the stable region of the system. Furthermore, we explore the transmission and reflection properties of surface fundamental solitons, finding that a high transmission rate can be achieved for any value of q, given a small ϵ in our model. These findings offer valuable insights into boundary state transmission in nonlinear optics and contribute to the design of novel optical transmission devices.
{"title":"Transmission and stability of surface solitons in a Jacobi elliptic potential","authors":"Huilian Wei , Zaidong Li , Tianfu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the stability and transmission of surface solitons in a Jacobi elliptic sine potential with a step-function nonlinearity. Through linear stability analysis and real-time evolution, we show that the stability of both fundamental and multi-peak solitons is influenced by the modulus <em>q</em> and coupling strength ϵ within the parameters of our study. In particular, increasing <em>q</em> and ϵ shifts the stable region toward smaller values of |<em>b</em>|, while a larger ϵ also enlarges the stable region of the system. Furthermore, we explore the transmission and reflection properties of surface fundamental solitons, finding that a high transmission rate can be achieved for any value of <em>q</em>, given a small ϵ in our model. These findings offer valuable insights into boundary state transmission in nonlinear optics and contribute to the design of novel optical transmission devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 131290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical trapping technology holds great promise for nanoscale manipulation and biosensing. Plasmonic optical tweezers, leveraging enhanced localized electromagnetic fields, overcome the diffraction limit of conventional tweezers and enable high-precision trapping. Precise control of electromagnetic hotspots is crucial for optimal performance. In this work, we propose a trapezoidal metal nanorod array with multiscale geometric features to investigate the mechanism behind hotspot regulation and its impact on optical trapping. Simulations show that tuning the incident wavelength allows spatial control and selective activation of localized surface plasmon resonance hotspots, enabling site-specific trapping of nanoparticles through resonance matching with structural units. Moreover, while changes in inter-particle gap affect the field intensity, the excitation wavelength corresponding to the hotspot remains stable, demonstrating strong mode selectivity. This work offers theoretical insights and design strategies for developing efficient, tunable plasmonic tweezing platforms, with significant implications for applications in precise nanoscale manipulation, advanced biosensing, and enhanced spectroscopic techniques.
{"title":"Hotspot modulation and optical trapping force analysis in trapezoidal nanostructures","authors":"Huan Pei , Jiale Zhang , Jing Li , Chong Zhao , Weifeng Peng , Jianzhuo Zhu , Yingjie Liu , Yong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical trapping technology holds great promise for nanoscale manipulation and biosensing. Plasmonic optical tweezers, leveraging enhanced localized electromagnetic fields, overcome the diffraction limit of conventional tweezers and enable high-precision trapping. Precise control of electromagnetic hotspots is crucial for optimal performance. In this work, we propose a trapezoidal metal nanorod array with multiscale geometric features to investigate the mechanism behind hotspot regulation and its impact on optical trapping. Simulations show that tuning the incident wavelength allows spatial control and selective activation of localized surface plasmon resonance hotspots, enabling site-specific trapping of nanoparticles through resonance matching with structural units. Moreover, while changes in inter-particle gap affect the field intensity, the excitation wavelength corresponding to the hotspot remains stable, demonstrating strong mode selectivity. This work offers theoretical insights and design strategies for developing efficient, tunable plasmonic tweezing platforms, with significant implications for applications in precise nanoscale manipulation, advanced biosensing, and enhanced spectroscopic techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 131293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion, annealed at 500–900 °C, and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol matrix to fabricate flexible microwave absorbers. Increasing annealing temperature enhanced crystallinity and grain size (∼91–112 nm) while reducing defect density, leading to lower complex permittivity (ε′, ε″) due to suppressed interfacial polarization and hopping conduction. Magnetic permeability (μ′) showed a non-monotonic variation governed by surface anisotropy reduction and cation redistribution. Optimized electromagnetic synergy, high attenuation, and near-ideal impedance matching resulted in superior absorption performance. The sample annealed at 900 °C exhibited a minimum reflection loss of -46.44 dB at 11.32 GHz with a 1.76 GHz effective bandwidth at 6.6 mm thickness. Thickness-dependent peak shifts confirm quarter-wavelength interference as the dominant mechanism. These results demonstrate thermal engineering as an effective strategy for developing high-performance microwave absorbers for radar-absorbing, stealth and electromagnetic interference shielding applications.
{"title":"Influence of annealing temperature on the electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption performance of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles","authors":"Rohit Duglet, Navneet Verma, Deepika Sharma, Vijay Singh, Dheeraj Sharma, M. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cobalt ferrite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion, annealed at 500–900 °C, and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol matrix to fabricate flexible microwave absorbers. Increasing annealing temperature enhanced crystallinity and grain size (∼91–112 nm) while reducing defect density, leading to lower complex permittivity (ε′, ε″) due to suppressed interfacial polarization and hopping conduction. Magnetic permeability (μ′) showed a non-monotonic variation governed by surface anisotropy reduction and cation redistribution. Optimized electromagnetic synergy, high attenuation, and near-ideal impedance matching resulted in superior absorption performance. The sample annealed at 900 °C exhibited a minimum reflection loss of -46.44 dB at 11.32 GHz with a 1.76 GHz effective bandwidth at 6.6 mm thickness. Thickness-dependent peak shifts confirm quarter-wavelength interference as the dominant mechanism. These results demonstrate thermal engineering as an effective strategy for developing high-performance microwave absorbers for radar-absorbing, stealth and electromagnetic interference shielding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 131295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum state transmission in spin chains is a fundamental problem within quantum technologies. The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, first introduced in the context of polyacetylene, provides a paradigmatic example of a system exhibiting topological and non-topological phases. We explore the transmission of one and two excitations in anisotropic Heisenberg SSH spin chains and analyze the relationship between topological properties and state transfer efficiency. We examine the robustness of quantum state transmission against static disorder in the trivial and topological regimes, exploring how topological protection influences transmission fidelity. We also consider the effect of dipolar interactions, introducing long-range couplings and breaking the conservation of total magnetization. Furthermore, we employ optimal control theory to design driving pulses for state transmission, finding substantial differences between optimizing in the trivial and topological regimes. Our results provide insights about the interplay between topology, disorder, interactions, and control strategies in quantum state transfer.
{"title":"Anisotropic Heisenberg Su-Schrieffer-Heeger spin chain as a quantum channel","authors":"Lautaro Moragues , Diego Sebastián Acosta Coden , Omar Osenda , Alejandro Ferrón","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum state transmission in spin chains is a fundamental problem within quantum technologies. The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, first introduced in the context of polyacetylene, provides a paradigmatic example of a system exhibiting topological and non-topological phases. We explore the transmission of one and two excitations in anisotropic Heisenberg SSH spin chains and analyze the relationship between topological properties and state transfer efficiency. We examine the robustness of quantum state transmission against static disorder in the trivial and topological regimes, exploring how topological protection influences transmission fidelity. We also consider the effect of dipolar interactions, introducing long-range couplings and breaking the conservation of total magnetization. Furthermore, we employ optimal control theory to design driving pulses for state transmission, finding substantial differences between optimizing in the trivial and topological regimes. Our results provide insights about the interplay between topology, disorder, interactions, and control strategies in quantum state transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"571 ","pages":"Article 131273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131269
Moise Bonilla–Licea, Moisés Bonilla–Estrada, Alberto Soria–López, Juan Carlos Martínez–García
In this paper, we analyze the stability of a ring radio frequency Paul trap in the Lyapunov sense, using the state space approach. This involves constructing a state-space model based on the relevant statistical moments of the quantum system. This formulation enables the application of state-space control techniques to assess the trap’s stability. We also establish a double implication between the dynamics of the mean values and uncertainties. This provides a theoretical basis for neglecting uncertainties in a first-order stability analysis. Additionally, we present an alternative method for computing the trap’s stability diagram in terms of the system’s parameters. This method benefits practical trap design. Simulations illustrating the main results are given.
{"title":"Stability of the RF paul trap revisited: A state space approach","authors":"Moise Bonilla–Licea, Moisés Bonilla–Estrada, Alberto Soria–López, Juan Carlos Martínez–García","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we analyze the stability of a ring radio frequency Paul trap in the Lyapunov sense, using the state space approach. This involves constructing a state-space model based on the relevant statistical moments of the quantum system. This formulation enables the application of state-space control techniques to assess the trap’s stability. We also establish a double implication between the dynamics of the mean values and uncertainties. This provides a theoretical basis for neglecting uncertainties in a first-order stability analysis. Additionally, we present an alternative method for computing the trap’s stability diagram in terms of the system’s parameters. This method benefits practical trap design. Simulations illustrating the main results are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 131269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131285
Zhe Yang , Zhi Ping Niu
Altermagnets (AMs) are a new class of magnetic materials characterized by zero net magnetization and significant non-relativistic spin-split band structures. In this work, we investigate Andreev reflection in normal metal/altermagnet/superconductor (NM/AM/S) junctions, focusing on the effects of the crystallographic orientation angle θ of the AM, interlayer length N, and incident energy E. For s-wave S junctions, the zero-bias conductance GAR exhibits oscillatory behavior with N due to wave vector mismatches between quasiparticles forming spin-singlet Cooper pairs. GAR shows a fourfold periodic modulation with θ and distinct trends with the AM strength tJ for and dxy-wave AMs. In contrast, for p-wave S junctions, GAR is dominated by equal-spin Andreev reflection, which is insensitive to both N and θ. The contour plots demonstrate unique patterns for different AM spin states, highlighting the dual-regulation mechanism of d-wave AMs. These findings provide a novel strategy for detecting AM spin states and hold potential for applications in spintronic devices.
{"title":"Andreev reflection in normal metal/altermagnet/superconductor junctions","authors":"Zhe Yang , Zhi Ping Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Altermagnets (AMs) are a new class of magnetic materials characterized by zero net magnetization and significant non-relativistic spin-split band structures. In this work, we investigate Andreev reflection in normal metal/altermagnet/superconductor (NM/AM/S) junctions, focusing on the effects of the crystallographic orientation angle <em>θ</em> of the AM, interlayer length <em>N</em>, and incident energy <em>E</em>. For s-wave S junctions, the zero-bias conductance <em>G<sub>AR</sub></em> exhibits oscillatory behavior with <em>N</em> due to wave vector mismatches between quasiparticles forming spin-singlet Cooper pairs. <em>G<sub>AR</sub></em> shows a fourfold periodic modulation with <em>θ</em> and distinct trends with the AM strength <em>t<sub>J</sub></em> for <span><math><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span> and <em>d<sub>xy</sub></em>-wave AMs. In contrast, for p-wave S junctions, <em>G<sub>AR</sub></em> is dominated by equal-spin Andreev reflection, which is insensitive to both <em>N</em> and <em>θ</em>. The <span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span> contour plots demonstrate unique patterns for different AM spin states, highlighting the dual-regulation mechanism of d-wave AMs. These findings provide a novel strategy for detecting AM spin states and hold potential for applications in spintronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 131285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131288
Shaohua Hu , Fei Luo , Yuancheng Luo , Hao Cui
Employing the first-principles theory, we investigate the Rh-doped PtTe2 monolayer as a prospective sensing material for three gaseous VOCs biomarkers, namely C3H4O, C3H6O and C5H8 that are indicative of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By substituting a Te atom with a Rh atom within the PtTe2 lattice, the Rh-PtTe2 monolayer is constructed with the formation energy of -0.99 eV indicating the spontaneity and energetic favorability of the Rh-doping process. Chemisorption is identified in three VOCs adsorbed systems with the adsorption energy of -1.30, -0.97 and -1.53 eV, respectively, and the binding strength is orderly as C5H8 > C3H4O > C3H6O, with high surface coverage at ultralow concentrations based on the Langmuir model. These reactions lead to a significant deformation in the electronic property of Rh-PtTe2 monolayer, with the bandgap narrowing to 0.000 eV from that of 0.608 eV for the isolated monolayer. Further, the sensing mechanism of the Rh-PtTe2 monolayer upon exposure to these VOCs is elucidated, especially highlighting its potential as a resistive gas sensor for diagnosis of NSCLC. This study not only underscores the Rh-PtTe2 monolayer's promise as a gas sensing material but also paves the way to study the PtTe2-based gas sensors for the detection of VOCs that are relevant to critical health conditions.
{"title":"First-principles prediction on Rh-doped PtTe2 monolayer as a novel biosensor for NSCLC-associated volatile organic compound gas sensing","authors":"Shaohua Hu , Fei Luo , Yuancheng Luo , Hao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employing the first-principles theory, we investigate the Rh-doped PtTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer as a prospective sensing material for three gaseous VOCs biomarkers, namely C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O and C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub> that are indicative of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By substituting a Te atom with a Rh atom within the PtTe<sub>2</sub> lattice, the Rh-PtTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer is constructed with the formation energy of -0.99 eV indicating the spontaneity and energetic favorability of the Rh-doping process. Chemisorption is identified in three VOCs adsorbed systems with the adsorption energy of -1.30, -0.97 and -1.53 eV, respectively, and the binding strength is orderly as C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub> > C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O > C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, with high surface coverage at ultralow concentrations based on the Langmuir model. These reactions lead to a significant deformation in the electronic property of Rh-PtTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer, with the bandgap narrowing to 0.000 eV from that of 0.608 eV for the isolated monolayer. Further, the sensing mechanism of the Rh-PtTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer upon exposure to these VOCs is elucidated, especially highlighting its potential as a resistive gas sensor for diagnosis of NSCLC. This study not only underscores the Rh-PtTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer's promise as a gas sensing material but also paves the way to study the PtTe<sub>2</sub>-based gas sensors for the detection of VOCs that are relevant to critical health conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 131288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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