Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131345
Adam Fredriksson, Erik Sjöqvist
Berry monopoles always cancel when summing over a complete set of energy eigenstates. We demonstrate that analogous sum rules exist for geometric phases and their underlying 2-forms in non-adiabatic evolution. Our result has implications for qudit computation as it limits the types of gates that can be implemented by purely geometric means.
{"title":"Sum rule for non-adiabatic geometric phases","authors":"Adam Fredriksson, Erik Sjöqvist","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Berry monopoles always cancel when summing over a complete set of energy eigenstates. We demonstrate that analogous sum rules exist for geometric phases and their underlying 2-forms in non-adiabatic evolution. Our result has implications for qudit computation as it limits the types of gates that can be implemented by purely geometric means.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131332
Alexander Felski , Andreas Fring , Bethan Turner
We present a detailed analysis of the sixth-order Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator and construct three-dimensional ghost-free representations through a Tri-Hamiltonian framework. We identify a six-dimensional Abelian Lie algebra of the PU model’s dynamical flow and derive a hierarchy of conserved Hamiltonians governed by multiple compatible Poisson structures. These structures enable the realisation of a complete Tri-Hamiltonian formulation that generates identical dynamical flows. Positive-definite Hamiltonians are constructed, and their relation to the full Tri-Hamiltonian hierarchy is analysed. Furthermore, we develop a mapping between the PU model and a class of three-dimensional coupled second-order systems, revealing explicit conditions for ghost-free equivalence. We also explore the consequences of introducing interaction terms, showing that the multi-Hamiltonian structure is generally lost in such cases.
{"title":"Three-dimensional ghost-free representations of the Pais-Uhlenbeck model from Tri-Hamiltonians","authors":"Alexander Felski , Andreas Fring , Bethan Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a detailed analysis of the sixth-order Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator and construct three-dimensional ghost-free representations through a Tri-Hamiltonian framework. We identify a six-dimensional Abelian Lie algebra of the PU model’s dynamical flow and derive a hierarchy of conserved Hamiltonians governed by multiple compatible Poisson structures. These structures enable the realisation of a complete Tri-Hamiltonian formulation that generates identical dynamical flows. Positive-definite Hamiltonians are constructed, and their relation to the full Tri-Hamiltonian hierarchy is analysed. Furthermore, we develop a mapping between the PU model and a class of three-dimensional coupled second-order systems, revealing explicit conditions for ghost-free equivalence. We also explore the consequences of introducing interaction terms, showing that the multi-Hamiltonian structure is generally lost in such cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131316
Yin-Da Guo , Kai-Dong Zhou , Shou-Shan Bao , Hong Zhang
Superradiance enables scalar fields to extract energy and angular momentum from a rotating black hole (BH), leading to the formation of a BH-condensate system. Previous studies mainly focus on the phase velocity, which propagates in the azimuthal direction. In this work, we show that the superradiant scalar condensate presents a nontrivial group velocity distribution. In the region sufficiently far from the BH, the condensate exhibits a radial velocity magnitude that approaches , while the polar and azimuthal velocity magnitudes asymptotically decline as ∝1/r.
{"title":"Local group velocity distribution inside superradiant condensates","authors":"Yin-Da Guo , Kai-Dong Zhou , Shou-Shan Bao , Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superradiance enables scalar fields to extract energy and angular momentum from a rotating black hole (BH), leading to the formation of a BH-condensate system. Previous studies mainly focus on the phase velocity, which propagates in the azimuthal direction. In this work, we show that the superradiant scalar condensate presents a nontrivial group velocity distribution. In the region sufficiently far from the BH, the condensate exhibits a radial velocity magnitude that approaches <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi></msub><mi>μ</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>sin</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>ω</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>φ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, while the polar and azimuthal velocity magnitudes asymptotically decline as ∝1/<em>r</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131324
Xue-Na Zhu , Gui Bao , Ming Li , Ming-Jing Zhao , Shao-Ming Fei
We study the fully entangled fraction of quantum states based on the Bloch representation of density matrices. Analytical upper bounds on the fully entangled fraction are obtained for arbitrary d⊗d bipartite systems. The fully entangled fractions for classes of d⊗d quantum states are analytically derived. Detailed examples are given to illustrate the advantages of our results.
{"title":"On fully entangled fraction of arbitrary d⊗d quantum states","authors":"Xue-Na Zhu , Gui Bao , Ming Li , Ming-Jing Zhao , Shao-Ming Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the fully entangled fraction of quantum states based on the Bloch representation of density matrices. Analytical upper bounds on the fully entangled fraction are obtained for arbitrary <em>d</em>⊗<em>d</em> bipartite systems. The fully entangled fractions for classes of <em>d</em>⊗<em>d</em> quantum states are analytically derived. Detailed examples are given to illustrate the advantages of our results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131346
C.S. Unnikrishnan
The Leggett-Garg inequalities involving multi-time correlation functions are widely considered as the touchstone for what is defined as Macro-Realism of the physical world, which constitutes two main criteria: a) a macro-real system is in one of the possible definite discrete physical states at any given time, and b) measurements do not alter a physical state. There are continuing experimental investigations supposedly testing for macro-realism, reflected in the Leggett-Garg inequalities. I prove the surprising universal result that the Leggett-Garg inequalities are violated by all dynamical physical systems that respect fundamental conservation laws, and not merely by microscopic and macroscopic quantum systems. Hence, the inequalities are guaranteed to be violated by any realisable dynamical physical system, irrespective of the covering theory. The Leggett-Garg inequalities have no discriminatory role in the real world where ensemble-averaged correlation functions bridge the information content and the probabilities of microscopic quantum mechanics with the conservation constraints of the macroscopic world. The close connection to the violation of Bell’s inequalities is briefly discussed.
{"title":"The universal violation of the Leggett-Garg macro-realism inequalities by all dynamical systems","authors":"C.S. Unnikrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Leggett-Garg inequalities involving multi-time correlation functions are widely considered as the touchstone for what is defined as Macro-Realism of the physical world, which constitutes two main criteria: a) a macro-real system is in one of the possible definite discrete physical states at any given time, and b) measurements do not alter a physical state. There are continuing experimental investigations supposedly testing for macro-realism, reflected in the Leggett-Garg inequalities. I prove the surprising universal result that the Leggett-Garg inequalities are violated <em>by all dynamical physical systems that respect fundamental conservation laws</em>, and not merely by microscopic and macroscopic quantum systems. Hence, the inequalities are guaranteed to be violated by any realisable dynamical physical system, irrespective of the covering theory. The Leggett-Garg inequalities have no discriminatory role in the real world where ensemble-averaged correlation functions bridge the information content and the probabilities of microscopic quantum mechanics with the conservation constraints of the macroscopic world. The close connection to the violation of Bell’s inequalities is briefly discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131349
Zhaoke Hao , Ping-Fan Yang , Le Fang
We present a theoretical framework that establishes an approximate relation between two key descriptors of single-particle trajectories: the mean squared displacement (MSD) and the relative turning angle. This relation is derived under general assumptions and validated across a wide range of systems, including synthetic stochastic models, direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows, and laboratory data of insect swarms. Remarkably, the proposed relation holds consistently across diverse dynamical regimes and timescales, indicating that the mean statistics of turning angles can, to a good approximation, be inferred from the MSD. These findings challenge the common notion that turning angles serve as an independent descriptor beyond MSD in characterizing single-particle dynamics. Our results offer new insights into the minimal statistical characterization of particle trajectories in both physical and biological systems.
{"title":"A model relating mean squared displacement and angular dynamics in particle motions","authors":"Zhaoke Hao , Ping-Fan Yang , Le Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a theoretical framework that establishes an approximate relation between two key descriptors of single-particle trajectories: the mean squared displacement (MSD) and the relative turning angle. This relation is derived under general assumptions and validated across a wide range of systems, including synthetic stochastic models, direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows, and laboratory data of insect swarms. Remarkably, the proposed relation holds consistently across diverse dynamical regimes and timescales, indicating that the mean statistics of turning angles can, to a good approximation, be inferred from the MSD. These findings challenge the common notion that turning angles serve as an independent descriptor beyond MSD in characterizing single-particle dynamics. Our results offer new insights into the minimal statistical characterization of particle trajectories in both physical and biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131319
S.V. Trofymenko , V.S. Skorobohatov
Ionization of atomic K shells by ultrashort relativistic electron bunches is investigated. It is shown that in thin light-element targets the ionization cross section can be dramatically affected by the interference of the proper electromagnetic fields of the electrons in the bunch. This can lead to a strong coherent enhancement of the cross section for bunch parameters achievable at modern facilities. It is demonstrated that, for microbunched beams, the ionization cross section can be resonantly amplified over a wide range of microbunching periods.
{"title":"Coherent ionization of atomic K-shells by ultrashort electron bunches in thin light-element targets","authors":"S.V. Trofymenko , V.S. Skorobohatov","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionization of atomic K shells by ultrashort relativistic electron bunches is investigated. It is shown that in thin light-element targets the ionization cross section can be dramatically affected by the interference of the proper electromagnetic fields of the electrons in the bunch. This can lead to a strong coherent enhancement of the cross section for bunch parameters achievable at modern facilities. It is demonstrated that, for microbunched beams, the ionization cross section can be resonantly amplified over a wide range of microbunching periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131340
Jing-Yan Niu
This study is inspired by the efficient oscillation mechanism of fish tails and investigates the nonlinear frequency-amplitude relationship of tapered beams. A dimensionless nonlinear differential equation governing large-amplitude vibrations is derived, incorporating geometric nonlinearities inherent to variable cross-sections. The limitations of traditional analytical methods in handling strong nonlinearities are first clarified. To address this fundamental challenge, two novel analytical approaches are proposed. One is an adaptive location point framework based on He's frequency-amplitude formulation, which dynamically optimizes the linearized position to improve accuracy under strong nonlinearity. The second is He's transform-based variational iteration method, which transforms the problem into a functional form that is easy to iteratively solve. Both methods converge to a unified, closed-form expression for the nonlinear frequency. Validation against exact solutions and numerical simulations demonstrates high accuracy and computational efficiency. Specifically, for an amplitude reaching 30% of the beam length, the frequency prediction error of the adaptive positioning point method is still less than 2%. The He’s transform-based variational iteration method significantly reduces the number of iterations required for convergence compared to traditional methods under the same nonlinear intensity. Further analysis reveals that the taper parameter critically influences the system's nonlinear characteristics. These methods provide a robust and efficient tool for the rapid design analysis of bio-inspired structures, such as robotic swimmers and lightweight aerospace components.
{"title":"Dynamics informed nonlinear vibration analysis with adaptive location point framework for fish tail tapered beam","authors":"Jing-Yan Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is inspired by the efficient oscillation mechanism of fish tails and investigates the nonlinear frequency-amplitude relationship of tapered beams. A dimensionless nonlinear differential equation governing large-amplitude vibrations is derived, incorporating geometric nonlinearities inherent to variable cross-sections. The limitations of traditional analytical methods in handling strong nonlinearities are first clarified. To address this fundamental challenge, two novel analytical approaches are proposed. One is an adaptive location point framework based on He's frequency-amplitude formulation, which dynamically optimizes the linearized position to improve accuracy under strong nonlinearity. The second is He's transform-based variational iteration method, which transforms the problem into a functional form that is easy to iteratively solve. Both methods converge to a unified, closed-form expression for the nonlinear frequency. Validation against exact solutions and numerical simulations demonstrates high accuracy and computational efficiency. Specifically, for an amplitude reaching 30% of the beam length, the frequency prediction error of the adaptive positioning point method is still less than 2%. The He’s transform-based variational iteration method significantly reduces the number of iterations required for convergence compared to traditional methods under the same nonlinear intensity. Further analysis reveals that the taper parameter critically influences the system's nonlinear characteristics. These methods provide a robust and efficient tool for the rapid design analysis of bio-inspired structures, such as robotic swimmers and lightweight aerospace components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131343
Yuan Ge , Bingjie Liu , Zhixin Liu , Jiyu Fan , Yanfei Pan , Chunlan Ma , Haixia Ma , Yan Zhu
This work, based on first-principles density functional theory (DFT), proposes a “partial coverage” model that simulates half-monolayer adsorption of Mn atoms on a stanene substrate, forming quasi-one-dimensional Mn atomic chains and inducing a tunable quasi-one-dimensional Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic structure and magnetic interactions of this heterostructure. The system exhibits a robust antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state with pronounced spin-orbit coupling and an indirect-gap semiconducting band structure. In the AFM configuration, the magnetic easy axis is perpendicular to the Mn chain and tilted by 40° with respect to the stanene plane. Through an energy-mapping scheme, we quantitatively extract the Heisenberg exchange couplings and the DMI parameters. The directionality and magnitude of the DMI indicate an intrinsic tendency to form chiral quasi-1D domain walls, offering a theoretical foundation for engineering topological magnetic devices.
{"title":"Study of quasi-one-dimensional Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in half-monolayer Mn adsorbed stanene","authors":"Yuan Ge , Bingjie Liu , Zhixin Liu , Jiyu Fan , Yanfei Pan , Chunlan Ma , Haixia Ma , Yan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work, based on first-principles density functional theory (DFT), proposes a “partial coverage” model that simulates half-monolayer adsorption of Mn atoms on a stanene substrate, forming quasi-one-dimensional Mn atomic chains and inducing a tunable quasi-one-dimensional Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic structure and magnetic interactions of this heterostructure. The system exhibits a robust antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state with pronounced spin-orbit coupling and an indirect-gap semiconducting band structure. In the AFM configuration, the magnetic easy axis is perpendicular to the Mn chain and tilted by 40° with respect to the stanene plane. Through an energy-mapping scheme, we quantitatively extract the Heisenberg exchange couplings and the DMI parameters. The directionality and magnitude of the DMI indicate an intrinsic tendency to form chiral quasi-1D domain walls, offering a theoretical foundation for engineering topological magnetic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we report nitrogen fixation in the laboratory using corona discharge, replicating lightning. The discharge excites, ionizes, and dissociates the atmospheric N2 molecule, which is inert otherwise. We demonstrate that five minutes of treatment of the soil, using the discharge, results in an increase in nitrogen content of soil by ∼ 200% and up to ∼ 11700 ppm. This value is significantly higher than ∼ 200 ppm required for plant growth. This experiment is artificially combining lightning-based natural nitrogen fixation and microbial biological nitrogen fixation. It may be a viable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for industrial production of organic nitrogenous fertilizers. This may open a new cross-disciplinary direction of research in plasma physics, life sciences, bioinformatics, microbiology, soil science, and food and agricultural sciences.
{"title":"Electrical discharge assisted nitrogen fixation: An alternative to chemical fertilizers","authors":"Ekta Yadav, Smrutishree Pratihary, Sneha Latha Kommuguri, Joel Jeevan, Suraj Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we report nitrogen fixation in the laboratory using corona discharge, replicating lightning. The discharge excites, ionizes, and dissociates the atmospheric <em>N</em><sub>2</sub> molecule, which is inert otherwise. We demonstrate that five minutes of treatment of the soil, using the discharge, results in an increase in nitrogen content of soil by ∼ 200% and up to ∼ 11700 ppm. This value is significantly higher than ∼ 200 ppm required for plant growth. This experiment is artificially combining lightning-based natural nitrogen fixation and microbial biological nitrogen fixation. It may be a viable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for industrial production of organic nitrogenous fertilizers. This may open a new cross-disciplinary direction of research in plasma physics, life sciences, bioinformatics, microbiology, soil science, and food and agricultural sciences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 131313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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