Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131174
Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz , Walter O. Krawec
Semi-quantum key distribution protocols enable two parties to establish a secret and secure key using a bidirectional quantum channel, providing Eve with a larger attack strategy space. In this paper we study the optimal eavesdropping strategy with three-dimensional systems, when eavesdropping occurs in both directions of the communication channel. We show that the bidirectional interception strategy allows the eavesdropper to extract a greater amount of information compared to the unidirectional interception strategy.
{"title":"Optimal eavesdropping in semi-quantum key distribution","authors":"Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz , Walter O. Krawec","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-quantum key distribution protocols enable two parties to establish a secret and secure key using a bidirectional quantum channel, providing Eve with a larger attack strategy space. In this paper we study the optimal eavesdropping strategy with three-dimensional systems, when eavesdropping occurs in both directions of the communication channel. We show that the bidirectional interception strategy allows the eavesdropper to extract a greater amount of information compared to the unidirectional interception strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131226
Simon Friederich
This paper proposes an approach to interpreting quantum expectation values that may help address the quantum measurement problem. Quantum expectation values are usually calculated via Hilbert space inner products and, thereby, differently from expectation values in classical mechanics, which are weighted phase-space integrals. It is shown that, by using Anti-Wick quantization to associate dynamical variables with self-adjoint linear operators, quantum expectation values can be interpreted as genuine weighted averages over phase space, paralleling their classical counterparts. This interpretation arises naturally in the Segal-Bargmann space, where creation and annihilation operators act as simple multiplication and differentiation operators. In this setting, the Husimi Q-function – the coherent-state representation of the quantum state – can be seen as a true probability density in phase space. Unlike Bohmian mechanics, the present approach retains the standard correspondence between dynamical variables and self-adjoint operators while paving the way for a classical-like probabilistic interpretation of quantum statistics.
{"title":"Sharp values for all dynamical variables via Anti-Wick quantization","authors":"Simon Friederich","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an approach to interpreting quantum expectation values that may help address the quantum measurement problem. Quantum expectation values are usually calculated via Hilbert space inner products and, thereby, differently from expectation values in classical mechanics, which are weighted phase-space integrals. It is shown that, by using Anti-Wick quantization to associate dynamical variables with self-adjoint linear operators, quantum expectation values can be interpreted as genuine weighted averages over phase space, paralleling their classical counterparts. This interpretation arises naturally in the Segal-Bargmann space, where creation and annihilation operators act as simple multiplication and differentiation operators. In this setting, the Husimi Q-function – the coherent-state representation of the quantum state – can be seen as a true probability density in phase space. Unlike Bohmian mechanics, the present approach retains the standard correspondence between dynamical variables and self-adjoint operators while paving the way for a classical-like probabilistic interpretation of quantum statistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131230
Jeeban Bastola , Muhammad Javed Qasim , Shaohua Tao
Number of axial focal points for an optical zone plate plays a critical role in the applications of optical imaging, photolithography, optical manipulation, and so on. The number of axial focal points of an optical zone plate was thought as independent of the zone order in the previous investigations. However, through a systematic study of the Hilbert zone plates (HZPs) across a wide range of orders, we found that the number of axial focal points will change with the zone order. We observed remarkable transitions in the number of axial focal points, decreasing from thirty-two to one. By redefining the conventional roles of the zone order, this work presents extended capabilities for the design of zone plates.
{"title":"Order-dependent focusing characteristics of Hilbert zone plates","authors":"Jeeban Bastola , Muhammad Javed Qasim , Shaohua Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Number of axial focal points for an optical zone plate plays a critical role in the applications of optical imaging, photolithography, optical manipulation, and so on. The number of axial focal points of an optical zone plate was thought as independent of the zone order in the previous investigations. However, through a systematic study of the Hilbert zone plates (HZPs) across a wide range of orders, we found that the number of axial focal points will change with the zone order. We observed remarkable transitions in the number of axial focal points, decreasing from thirty-two to one. By redefining the conventional roles of the zone order, this work presents extended capabilities for the design of zone plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 131230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131228
Amritayan Chatterjee, Sudharsanan Srinivasan
Heterogeneous integration of thin-film lithium niobate (LN) with silicon nitride (Si3N4) enables nonlinear optical applications, but is limited by coupling losses at Si3N4-to-Si3N4/LN heterogeneous interfaces due to mode field mismatch. Current state-of-the-art demonstrates transition losses <0.1 dB in IR through optimised LN taper. This work systematically designs mode converters for LN-on-Si3N4 platforms optimised for nonlinear optical processes. The coupling structure geometry is optimised simultaneously for 1550 nm and 775 nm wavelengths using FDTD simulations via adiabatic waveguide tapers and mode transition sections, facilitating efficient second harmonic generation. This dual-wavelength approach ensures optimal efficiency at both fundamental and frequency-doubled wavelengths. Numerical simulation demonstrates fiber-to-chip-to-fiber optical transmission losses <1.5 dB across the 1530–1560 (760–790) nm bandwidths. This broadband, low-loss optical coupling architecture exhibits design robustness adaptable to various SiN film parameters, including application-specific refractive index and thickness requirements, thereby advancing heterogeneous photonic integration technology for single-photon-based applications.
{"title":"Dual-wavelength taper optimization on lithium niobate–silicon nitride heterogeneous platform","authors":"Amritayan Chatterjee, Sudharsanan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous integration of thin-film lithium niobate (LN) with silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) enables nonlinear optical applications, but is limited by coupling losses at Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-to-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/LN heterogeneous interfaces due to mode field mismatch. Current state-of-the-art demonstrates transition losses <0.1 dB in IR through optimised LN taper. This work systematically designs mode converters for LN-on-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> platforms optimised for nonlinear optical processes. The coupling structure geometry is optimised simultaneously for 1550 nm and 775 nm wavelengths using FDTD simulations via adiabatic waveguide tapers and mode transition sections, facilitating efficient second harmonic generation. This dual-wavelength approach ensures optimal efficiency at both fundamental and frequency-doubled wavelengths. Numerical simulation demonstrates fiber-to-chip-to-fiber optical transmission losses <1.5 dB across the 1530–1560 (760–790) nm bandwidths. This broadband, low-loss optical coupling architecture exhibits design robustness adaptable to various SiN film parameters, including application-specific refractive index and thickness requirements, thereby advancing heterogeneous photonic integration technology for single-photon-based applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the recycling of unbounded sequential nonlocality via projective measurements has been demonstrated in bipartite systems, its feasibility in multipartite systems remains unclear due to the increased complexity of multipartite correlations. In this paper, we investigate the recycling of nonlocality in multipartite systems using projective measurements, by examining violations of the inequality tailored for GHZ states. For any number K of sequential observers, we present analytical relations for the state and measurement parameters, and provide the corresponding parameter ranges that enable sequential nonlocality to be detected. In particular, unbounded sequential nonlocality can be achieved for states that are nearly maximally entangled N-qubit GHZ states.
{"title":"Unbounded recycling of nonlocality in multipartite systems with projective measurements","authors":"Jingxuan Guan , Yao Xiao , Fenzhuo Guo , Haifeng Dong , Sujuan Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the recycling of unbounded sequential nonlocality via projective measurements has been demonstrated in bipartite systems, its feasibility in multipartite systems remains unclear due to the increased complexity of multipartite correlations. In this paper, we investigate the recycling of nonlocality in multipartite systems using projective measurements, by examining violations of the inequality tailored for GHZ states. For any number <em>K</em> of sequential observers, we present analytical relations for the state and measurement parameters, and provide the corresponding parameter ranges that enable sequential nonlocality to be detected. In particular, unbounded sequential nonlocality can be achieved for states that are nearly maximally entangled <em>N</em>-qubit GHZ states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 131217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131225
Sunatullo Abdurakhmonov , Arkadiy Skvortsov , Vladimir Nikolaev , Muhammad Atif Ehsan , Salah Ud Din , Matin Ashurov
Achieving simultaneous control of phononic and photonic band gaps in a single material platform has significant potential for applications in advanced optomechanical systems, precision sensing, and phonon–photon coupling applications. Here, we theoretically and experimentally study and demonstrate the coexistence of dual phononic and photonic band gaps in inverse opal phoxonic crystals operating at gigahertz and visible frequencies. We demonstrate that the phononic and photonic stop bands are highly sensitive to pore size gaps, where an increase in the pore diameter results in a redshift of both gaps. Numerical calculations are employed to explain the nature of the electric field distribution at the edges of the photonic stop bands. The obtained results open avenues for the study of cavity optomechanics and extended optomechanical systems capabilities that allow the simultaneous confinement of both phonons and photons.
{"title":"Coexisting dual phononic and photonic band gaps in inverse opal phoxonic crystals","authors":"Sunatullo Abdurakhmonov , Arkadiy Skvortsov , Vladimir Nikolaev , Muhammad Atif Ehsan , Salah Ud Din , Matin Ashurov","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving simultaneous control of phononic and photonic band gaps in a single material platform has significant potential for applications in advanced optomechanical systems, precision sensing, and phonon–photon coupling applications. Here, we theoretically and experimentally study and demonstrate the coexistence of dual phononic and photonic band gaps in inverse opal phoxonic crystals operating at gigahertz and visible frequencies. We demonstrate that the phononic and photonic stop bands are highly sensitive to pore size gaps, where an increase in the pore diameter results in a redshift of both gaps. Numerical calculations are employed to explain the nature of the electric field distribution at the edges of the photonic stop bands. The obtained results open avenues for the study of cavity optomechanics and extended optomechanical systems capabilities that allow the simultaneous confinement of both phonons and photons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 131225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131210
Ziauddin , Muhammad Tayyab Raza , Imed Boukhris , M.S. Al-Buriahi , Zeeshan Ali , Norah Alomayrah
We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) at the interface between two optical media in relative transverse motion. Using the modified Fresnel equations, we derive generalized reflection coefficients for both electric and magnetic field components that explicitly include relativistic corrections due to the relative motion of the media. These extended expressions reveal several unprecedented features of spin-dependent light-matter interaction. Our analysis shows that the PSHE can arise not only for light propagating from a higher to a lower refractive index medium, but also in the reverse configuration, contrary to conventional stationary systems. More intriguingly, we find that a nonzero PSHE emerges even when the two media share identical refractive indices, a condition under which the effect is strictly forbidden in the stationary case. Most notably, a purely relativistic PSHE at normal incidence is predicted, representing a fundamental departure from all previously known optical Hall effects. This study introduces a new relativistic regime of photonic spin-orbit interaction, significantly extending the conventional understanding of the PSHE. The results not only deepen insight into light propagation in moving media but also suggest promising applications in precision metrology, relativistic optical sensing, and motion-controlled photonic devices.
{"title":"Non-conventional photonic spin Hall effect due to relativistic effect","authors":"Ziauddin , Muhammad Tayyab Raza , Imed Boukhris , M.S. Al-Buriahi , Zeeshan Ali , Norah Alomayrah","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) at the interface between two optical media in relative transverse motion. Using the modified Fresnel equations, we derive generalized reflection coefficients for both electric and magnetic field components that explicitly include relativistic corrections due to the relative motion of the media. These extended expressions reveal several unprecedented features of spin-dependent light-matter interaction. Our analysis shows that the PSHE can arise not only for light propagating from a higher to a lower refractive index medium, but also in the reverse configuration, contrary to conventional stationary systems. More intriguingly, we find that a nonzero PSHE emerges even when the two media share identical refractive indices, a condition under which the effect is strictly forbidden in the stationary case. Most notably, a purely relativistic PSHE at normal incidence is predicted, representing a fundamental departure from all previously known optical Hall effects. This study introduces a new relativistic regime of photonic spin-orbit interaction, significantly extending the conventional understanding of the PSHE. The results not only deepen insight into light propagation in moving media but also suggest promising applications in precision metrology, relativistic optical sensing, and motion-controlled photonic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131208
Yadong Zhong, Yi Zhang
Utilizing the Darboux transformation method, we derive the multi-breather solutions of the Kuralay-II equation with the help of the modified squared wave function approach on the periodic background. First, we consider two kinds of solutions expressed through Jacobian elliptic functions (dnoidal and cnoidal) and precisely solve the corresponding spectral problem by using the modified squared wave function approach. Then, multi-breather solutions are formulated in terms of theta functions. Finally, we derive a compact representation of the resulting breather solutions and illustrate their dynamical behaviors through case studies.
{"title":"Multi-breather solutions on the periodic background of the Kuralay-II equation","authors":"Yadong Zhong, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing the Darboux transformation method, we derive the multi-breather solutions of the Kuralay-II equation with the help of the modified squared wave function approach on the periodic background. First, we consider two kinds of solutions expressed through Jacobian elliptic functions (dnoidal and cnoidal) and precisely solve the corresponding spectral problem by using the modified squared wave function approach. Then, multi-breather solutions are formulated in terms of theta functions. Finally, we derive a compact representation of the resulting breather solutions and illustrate their dynamical behaviors through case studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131195
Rohit Kumar, Satyabrata Adhikari
We adopt a formalism by which we construct and detect a new family of positive partial transpose entangled states in d1⊗d2 dimensional system. Our detection method is based on the second order moment as it is very easy to calculate and may be realizable in laboratory. We show that if the second order moment in d1⊗d2 dimensional system satisfy , then the state is a PPT state. We also derive an equivalent condition on the bloch vector. Then, we construct a quantum state by considering the mixture of a separable and an entangled state and obtain a condition on the mixing parameter for which the mixture represents a PPTES. Finally, applying our results, we have shown that the distillable key rate of the private state, prepared through our prescription, is positive. It suggests that our result also has potential applications in quantum cryptography.
{"title":"Construction of PPT entangled state and its detection by using second-order moment of the partial transposition","authors":"Rohit Kumar, Satyabrata Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We adopt a formalism by which we construct and detect a new family of positive partial transpose entangled states in <em>d</em><sub>1</sub>⊗<em>d</em><sub>2</sub> dimensional system. Our detection method is based on the second order moment <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>ρ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> as it is very easy to calculate and may be realizable in laboratory. We show that if the second order moment <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>ρ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> in <em>d</em><sub>1</sub>⊗<em>d</em><sub>2</sub> dimensional system satisfy <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>ρ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>≤</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>d</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span>, then the state is a PPT state. We also derive an equivalent condition on the bloch vector. Then, we construct a quantum state by considering the mixture of a separable and an entangled state and obtain a condition on the mixing parameter for which the mixture represents a PPTES. Finally, applying our results, we have shown that the distillable key rate of the private state, prepared through our prescription, is positive. It suggests that our result also has potential applications in quantum cryptography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131222
Huizhi Ren , Yixiao Li , Lingzhen Yang , Juanfen Wang , Yuxin Bai , Linlin Fan , Huifeng Shang , Gang Ti
We propose a highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect concentration and temperature of hemoglobin (Hb). The sensing characteristics of the PCF-SPR sensor are analyzed for the detection of different Hb analytes using the finite element method (FEM). The optimized PCF-SPR sensor is integrated into the pre-established model of chaotic correlation fiber loop ring down (CCFLRD) sensing. In order to achieve high-sensitivity Hb detection based on CCFLRD sensing, key structural parameters of the PCF-SPR sensor such as air-hole diameter and gold film thickness are analyzed to identify optimal design. The sensing performance of different fiber loop cavities is investigated in the CCFLRD system. The results reveal an inverse correlation between loop length and sensitivity, which is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The Hb concentration sensitivity reaches 16,028.17 μs-1RIU-1, which is 7 times higher than previously reported sensor. And the achieved temperature sensitivity is 35.99 μs-1℃-1. The integration of PCF-SPR into the CCFLRD sensing system holds great promise for applications in medical diagnostics and clinical research.
{"title":"High-sensitivity chaotic correlation fiber loop ring down method based on SPR-PCF for hemoglobin measurement","authors":"Huizhi Ren , Yixiao Li , Lingzhen Yang , Juanfen Wang , Yuxin Bai , Linlin Fan , Huifeng Shang , Gang Ti","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect concentration and temperature of hemoglobin (Hb). The sensing characteristics of the PCF-SPR sensor are analyzed for the detection of different Hb analytes using the finite element method (FEM). The optimized PCF-SPR sensor is integrated into the pre-established model of chaotic correlation fiber loop ring down (CCFLRD) sensing. In order to achieve high-sensitivity Hb detection based on CCFLRD sensing, key structural parameters of the PCF-SPR sensor such as air-hole diameter and gold film thickness are analyzed to identify optimal design. The sensing performance of different fiber loop cavities is investigated in the CCFLRD system. The results reveal an inverse correlation between loop length and sensitivity, which is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The Hb concentration sensitivity reaches 16,028.17 μs<sup>-1</sup>RIU<sup>-1</sup>, which is 7 times higher than previously reported sensor. And the achieved temperature sensitivity is 35.99 μs<sup>-1</sup>℃<sup>-1</sup>. The integration of PCF-SPR into the CCFLRD sensing system holds great promise for applications in medical diagnostics and clinical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 131222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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