Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.130001
Yukun Li , Gang Chen , Jifa Chen
Underwater images are often accompanied by color casts, and color restoration of underwater images remains a challenging problem. To tackle these degradation challenges, we present a depth estimation method based on image segmentation, and completes image color restoration on this basis. Specifically, we introduce image segmentation techniques to partition the image into discrete blocks. Our findings indicate a linear correlation between the average b component value in the Lab color space for each block and the corresponding image depth. Subsequently, the segmented images are sorted by depth to facilitate the identification of image blocks that are optimal for estimating backscatter. Local lighting estimation is then performed on these blocks to calculate the image transmission map, thereby completing the color restoration of the underwater image. The color restoration achieved through this method outperforms some advanced techniques. Our image color restoration method also demonstrates good accuracy and stability across different datasets.
水下图像通常会出现偏色现象，因此水下图像的色彩还原仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。为了解决这些退化难题，我们提出了一种基于图像分割的深度估计方法，并在此基础上完成了图像色彩还原。具体来说，我们引入了图像分割技术，将图像分割成离散的块。我们的研究结果表明，每个区块在 Lab 色彩空间中的平均 b 分量值与相应的图像深度之间存在线性相关。随后，按深度对分割后的图像进行排序，以便识别出最适合估计反向散射的图像块。然后对这些图块进行局部照明估计，计算图像传输图，从而完成水下图像的色彩还原。通过这种方法实现的色彩还原效果优于一些先进技术。我们的图像色彩还原方法在不同的数据集上也表现出良好的准确性和稳定性。
{"title":"Underwater image color restoration based on depth estimation","authors":"Yukun Li , Gang Chen , Jifa Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.130001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.130001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater images are often accompanied by color casts, and color restoration of underwater images remains a challenging problem. To tackle these degradation challenges, we present a depth estimation method based on image segmentation, and completes image color restoration on this basis. Specifically, we introduce image segmentation techniques to partition the image into discrete blocks. Our findings indicate a linear correlation between the average b component value in the Lab color space for each block and the corresponding image depth. Subsequently, the segmented images are sorted by depth to facilitate the identification of image blocks that are optimal for estimating backscatter. Local lighting estimation is then performed on these blocks to calculate the image transmission map, thereby completing the color restoration of the underwater image. The color restoration achieved through this method outperforms some advanced techniques. Our image color restoration method also demonstrates good accuracy and stability across different datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 130001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129998
Yakup Yıldırım , Anjan Biswas
This study examines optical soliton solutions for the concatenation model, which includes differential group delay and white noise in both components. Through the F–expansion integration algorithm, an extensive spectrum of soliton solutions was found. It has been confirmed that white noise affects the phase of solitons along both components.
本研究探讨了串联模型的光学孤子解，该模型包括微分群延迟和两个分量中的白噪声。通过 F 展开积分算法，发现了大量的孤子解谱。研究证实，白噪声会影响两个分量的孤子相位。
{"title":"Optical solitons for the concatenation model with differential group delay having multiplicative white noise by F–expansion approach","authors":"Yakup Yıldırım , Anjan Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines optical soliton solutions for the concatenation model, which includes differential group delay and white noise in both components. Through the <em>F</em>–expansion integration algorithm, an extensive spectrum of soliton solutions was found. It has been confirmed that white noise affects the phase of solitons along both components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129999
Yuri A. Godin, Boris Vainberg
We present a theoretical study of the propagation of acoustic waves in a 3D infinite medium containing a periodic array of small identical inclusions of arbitrary shape with transmission conditions on their interfaces. The inclusion size a is much smaller than the array period. We present the dispersion relation and show that there are exceptional frequencies for which the solution is a cluster of waves propagating in several different directions. Different clusters may contain waves with the same direction, and the frequencies of the waves depend on the clusters but not on the direction of waves. We show that global gaps do not exist if a is small enough. The notion of local gaps which depends on the choice of the wavevector k, is introduced and discussed. The location of local gaps for a medium with a simple cubic lattice of identical inclusions is determined.
我们对声波在三维无限介质中的传播进行了理论研究，该介质包含由任意形状的相同小夹杂物组成的周期性阵列，其界面上有透射条件。夹杂物尺寸 a 远远小于阵列周期。我们提出了频散关系，并表明在一些特殊频率下，解法是沿几个不同方向传播的波群。不同的波簇可能包含方向相同的波，波的频率取决于波簇，而与波的方向无关。我们证明，如果 a 足够小，全局间隙是不存在的。我们引入并讨论了局部间隙的概念，它取决于波向量 k 的选择。我们确定了由相同夹杂物组成的简单立方晶格介质的局部间隙位置。
{"title":"Propagation of acoustic waves in 3D periodic media: Dispersion, clusters, and local gaps","authors":"Yuri A. Godin, Boris Vainberg","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a theoretical study of the propagation of acoustic waves in a 3D infinite medium containing a periodic array of small identical inclusions of arbitrary shape with transmission conditions on their interfaces. The inclusion size <em>a</em> is much smaller than the array period. We present the dispersion relation and show that there are exceptional frequencies for which the solution is a cluster of waves propagating in several different directions. Different clusters may contain waves with the same direction, and the frequencies of the waves depend on the clusters but not on the direction of waves. We show that global gaps do not exist if <em>a</em> is small enough. The notion of local gaps which depends on the choice of the wavevector <strong><em>k</em></strong>, is introduced and discussed. The location of local gaps for a medium with a simple cubic lattice of identical inclusions is determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129992
Chang-Chun He , Fen Ren , Xiao-Bao Yang , Guiyi Wu , Shuyan Zhang
The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of irradiation damage to reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel using a machine learning algorithms and high-throughput calculations. Various Fe-Ni alloy structures were generated based on structural enumeration for high-throughput first-principles calculations, with the Fe-Ni interatomic potential trained using a Gaussian approximation function. Simulations were conducted using LAMMPS software to investigate the effects of neutron irradiation on the tensile properties of Fe-0.74 wt.% Ni alloy, utilizing the well-established Fe-Ni interatomic potential. The irradiation dose significantly impacts defects in the Fe-Ni alloy. Synergistic effects of alloy solute element content and temperature with irradiation defects reveal that defect numbers at irradiation points increase linearly with MD-dpa and PKA energy. During irradiation, Ni atoms diffuse via the exchange with vacancy, synergizing with other Ni elements. Notably, Ni content inversely affects yield stress, resulting in lower yield stress in irradiated materials compared to pre-irradiation levels. While temperature inversely affects yield stress, its synergistic effect with defects increases yield stresses post-irradiation, known as irradiation hardening. Post-irradiation, the yield strain increases, and a flat plateau stress region is observed in Fe-Ni alloys. Ni atoms act as a buffer during the stretching process, contributing to a relatively gentle slope stress region despite increasing stress. The distribution of Ni atoms significantly influences the stress-strain curve, in which the aggregated Ni atoms decrease yield strength, whereas uniform distribution increases it, highlighting Ni atoms as buffering role during stretching process. These simulations yield valuable insights for exploring scalability and enhancing the development of irradiation hardening and embrittlement models.
{"title":"The synergistic effect of neutron irradiation on the tensile properties of Fe-0.74 wt.% Ni alloy: A combined study of machine-learning and molecular dynamics","authors":"Chang-Chun He , Fen Ren , Xiao-Bao Yang , Guiyi Wu , Shuyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of irradiation damage to reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel using a machine learning algorithms and high-throughput calculations. Various Fe-Ni alloy structures were generated based on structural enumeration for high-throughput first-principles calculations, with the Fe-Ni interatomic potential trained using a Gaussian approximation function. Simulations were conducted using LAMMPS software to investigate the effects of neutron irradiation on the tensile properties of Fe-0.74 wt.% Ni alloy, utilizing the well-established Fe-Ni interatomic potential. The irradiation dose significantly impacts defects in the Fe-Ni alloy. Synergistic effects of alloy solute element content and temperature with irradiation defects reveal that defect numbers at irradiation points increase linearly with MD-dpa and PKA energy. During irradiation, Ni atoms diffuse via the exchange with vacancy, synergizing with other Ni elements. Notably, Ni content inversely affects yield stress, resulting in lower yield stress in irradiated materials compared to pre-irradiation levels. While temperature inversely affects yield stress, its synergistic effect with defects increases yield stresses post-irradiation, known as irradiation hardening. Post-irradiation, the yield strain increases, and a flat plateau stress region is observed in Fe-Ni alloys. Ni atoms act as a buffer during the stretching process, contributing to a relatively gentle slope stress region despite increasing stress. The distribution of Ni atoms significantly influences the stress-strain curve, in which the aggregated Ni atoms decrease yield strength, whereas uniform distribution increases it, highlighting Ni atoms as buffering role during stretching process. These simulations yield valuable insights for exploring scalability and enhancing the development of irradiation hardening and embrittlement models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129997
Kui Huo , Bin Li , Heping Jia , J.M. Christian , Rongcao Yang
In this paper, a family of exact solutions to N-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (N-CNLS) equations including bright and dark solitons, Akhmediev breathers, Kuznetsov-Ma breathers, and rogue waves are derived with the aid of a generic nonlinear wave assumption. As an application of the solutions, we present a scheme to realize amplitude coding in an identical waveguide system. Furthermore, by a general self-similar transformation method, exact controllable similaritons of N-coupled inhomogeneous NLS (N-CINLS) equations are constructed under relaxed compatibility conditions. Flexible modulations of similaritons are investigated in a typical inhomogeneous system. Based on the general self-similar transformation, we further study various and novel modulations of composite similariton of 2-CINLS regimes. The various similaritons presented here may be expected to find application in the control and transmission of nonlinear waves in realizable complex systems including those based on optical fibers and Bose-Einstein condensates.
本文借助通用非线性波假设，推导出 N 个耦合非线性薛定谔方程（N-CNLS）的一系列精确解，包括亮孤子和暗孤子、阿赫迈季耶夫呼吸子、库兹涅佐夫-马呼吸子和流氓波。作为解决方案的应用，我们提出了一种在相同波导系统中实现振幅编码的方案。此外，通过一般自相似变换方法，在宽松的相容性条件下构建了 N 个耦合非均质 NLS（N-CINLS）方程的精确可控相似子。研究了典型非均质系统中相似子的灵活调制。在一般自相似变换的基础上，我们进一步研究了 2-CINLS 复合相似子的各种新颖调制。本文介绍的各种相似子有望应用于可实现的复杂系统中非线性波的控制和传输，包括基于光纤和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的系统。
{"title":"Families of exact similaritons with flexible modulations in N-coupled homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems","authors":"Kui Huo , Bin Li , Heping Jia , J.M. Christian , Rongcao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a family of exact solutions to <em>N</em>-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (<em>N</em>-CNLS) equations including bright and dark solitons, Akhmediev breathers, Kuznetsov-Ma breathers, and rogue waves are derived with the aid of a generic nonlinear wave assumption. As an application of the solutions, we present a scheme to realize amplitude coding in an identical waveguide system. Furthermore, by a general self-similar transformation method, exact controllable similaritons of <em>N</em>-coupled inhomogeneous NLS (<em>N</em>-CINLS) equations are constructed under relaxed compatibility conditions. Flexible modulations of similaritons are investigated in a typical inhomogeneous system. Based on the general self-similar transformation, we further study various and novel modulations of composite similariton of 2-CINLS regimes. The various similaritons presented here may be expected to find application in the control and transmission of nonlinear waves in realizable complex systems including those based on optical fibers and Bose-Einstein condensates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129967
Feizhou Huo , Jianan Huang , Yaping Ma , Chenglin Guo , Wei Zhang , Shihan Deng
Flood spreading in metro stations is a dangerous hazard that frequently causes casualties and property losses. However, pedestrian evacuation under flood spreading scenarios has not been fully investigated. To fill this gap,we propose an extend Floor-Field model incorporating flood spreading and exit selection behaviour of individuals. In the model, the dynamic flood spreading process on metro platforms is expressed by using a simulation software named Mike21. The optimal exit selected by pedestrians in each step is decided on three factors, that is pedestrian density around the exit, pedestrian distance to the exit, and water depth at the exit. Meanwhile, the movement speed of pedestrain also changes with the water depth at each time step. Based on this, the transition probability to neighbor cell including static field, dynamic field, height field, and water flow field is calculated. This results in a flood evacuation model considering the pedestrian's behaviour when choosing an exit. The effects of flooding, pedestrian density, different exit selection behaviours, water flow field, and inlet flow on evacuation were thoroughly analysed. The analysis demonstrates that the likelihood of flooding significantly impacts the evacuation of pedestrians from the subway station; the more flooding is taken into account, the more influential the impact. In addition, the effect of inlet flow on evacuation is also noteworthy; considering exit selection behaviour can significantly increase the effectiveness of evacuation. The study's findings can be used to develop evacuation plans for flooded metro stations.
{"title":"Modelling study on pedestrian evacuation dynamics considering exit selection behaviour under flood disaster","authors":"Feizhou Huo , Jianan Huang , Yaping Ma , Chenglin Guo , Wei Zhang , Shihan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood spreading in metro stations is a dangerous hazard that frequently causes casualties and property losses. However, pedestrian evacuation under flood spreading scenarios has not been fully investigated. To fill this gap,we propose an extend Floor-Field model incorporating flood spreading and exit selection behaviour of individuals. In the model, the dynamic flood spreading process on metro platforms is expressed by using a simulation software named Mike21. The optimal exit selected by pedestrians in each step is decided on three factors, that is pedestrian density around the exit, pedestrian distance to the exit, and water depth at the exit. Meanwhile, the movement speed of pedestrain also changes with the water depth at each time step. Based on this, the transition probability to neighbor cell including static field, dynamic field, height field, and water flow field is calculated. This results in a flood evacuation model considering the pedestrian's behaviour when choosing an exit. The effects of flooding, pedestrian density, different exit selection behaviours, water flow field, and inlet flow on evacuation were thoroughly analysed. The analysis demonstrates that the likelihood of flooding significantly impacts the evacuation of pedestrians from the subway station; the more flooding is taken into account, the more influential the impact. In addition, the effect of inlet flow on evacuation is also noteworthy; considering exit selection behaviour can significantly increase the effectiveness of evacuation. The study's findings can be used to develop evacuation plans for flooded metro stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129993
Aftab Khan , Arif Ullah , Rafi Ud Din , Afzal Khan
This theoretical study investigates, the optical response of a metal-dielectric nanocomposite of silver and rubidium (Ag/Rb) is theoretically studied via Maxwell-Garnett Model by varying the size, shape and volume ratio of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the coherently driven four levels rubidium dielectric atomic media. The rubidium being an alkali metal behaves as dielectric under quantum coherence effect. It was found that the optical response of this nanocomposite media strongly depends on the coherent driving fields applied in the atomic ensemble, the volume fraction of the AgNPs as well as their size and the applied frequencies. It was found that the dielectric function decreases with the increase in AgNPs’ size, while increase in Rabi frequency increases the refractive index. Similarly, the dispersion and absorption decrease with decrease in volume fraction of the AgNPs. Our results suggest important applications of this nanocomposite in various fields such as energy harvesting, photovoltaics and quantum plasmonics. The modeling approach developed in this study provides great freedom for tuning optical properties of the metal-dielectric nanocomposites.
{"title":"Theoretical investigation of the optical and plasmonic properties of the nanocomposite media composed of silver nanoparticles embedded in rubidium","authors":"Aftab Khan , Arif Ullah , Rafi Ud Din , Afzal Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This theoretical study investigates, the optical response of a metal-dielectric nanocomposite of silver and rubidium (Ag/Rb) is theoretically studied via Maxwell-Garnett Model by varying the size, shape and volume ratio of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the coherently driven four levels rubidium dielectric atomic media. The rubidium being an alkali metal behaves as dielectric under quantum coherence effect. It was found that the optical response of this nanocomposite media strongly depends on the coherent driving fields applied in the atomic ensemble, the volume fraction of the AgNPs as well as their size and the applied frequencies. It was found that the dielectric function decreases with the increase in AgNPs’ size, while increase in Rabi frequency increases the refractive index. Similarly, the dispersion and absorption decrease with decrease in volume fraction of the AgNPs. Our results suggest important applications of this nanocomposite in various fields such as energy harvesting, photovoltaics and quantum plasmonics. The modeling approach developed in this study provides great freedom for tuning optical properties of the metal-dielectric nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129990
Yuehua Su, Desheng Wang, Chao Zhang
With the rapid development of modern measurement techniques, the energy resolution of can now be easily obtained. Generally, the driving mechanisms of the physical, chemical or biological processes of the matters or the living organisms on Earth at about energy scale are assumed to stem from the fundamental microscopic Coulomb interaction, its various reduced ones and the relativistic corrections. In this article, by using a path integral approach on a non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics theory, we show that there is another fundamental microscopic electromagnetic interaction at this energy scale, the microscopic Ampère current-current interaction. It has time-dependent dynamical feature and can be the driving interaction of the physical, chemical or biological processes at about energy scale. A new Ampère-type exchange spin interaction is also found with a magnitude about of the well-known Heisenberg exchange spin interaction.
{"title":"Microscopic Ampère current-current interaction","authors":"Yuehua Su, Desheng Wang, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of modern measurement techniques, the energy resolution of <span><math><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>meV</mtext></math></span> can now be easily obtained. Generally, the driving mechanisms of the physical, chemical or biological processes of the matters or the living organisms on Earth at about <span><math><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>meV</mtext></math></span> energy scale are assumed to stem from the fundamental microscopic Coulomb interaction, its various reduced ones and the relativistic corrections. In this article, by using a path integral approach on a non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics theory, we show that there is another fundamental microscopic electromagnetic interaction at this energy scale, the microscopic Ampère current-current interaction. It has time-dependent dynamical feature and can be the driving interaction of the physical, chemical or biological processes at about <span><math><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>meV</mtext></math></span> energy scale. A new Ampère-type exchange spin interaction is also found with a magnitude about <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> of the well-known Heisenberg exchange spin interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129989
Shuaihui Guo , Xiaoxiong Wang
Nodal-line semimetals serve as the parent phase for various topological states. By manipulating spin-orbit coupling (SOC), time-reversal symmetry, or spatial inversion symmetry, a Dirac nodal-line semimetal can transition into a 3D Dirac semimetal, Weyl semimetal, or topological insulator.
In this study, we present the topological phase engineering of rutile GeO2 under strain through first-principles calculations. Without considering SOC effect, applying tensile strain to GeO2 induces a transformation from a trivial insulator to a Dirac nodal-line semimetal, characterized by two orthogonal and interconnected Dirac nodal rings protected by mirror symmetry. When SOC is taken into account, the band degeneracy persists only at two points, resulting in a 3D Dirac semimetal. Nonetheless, due to the negligible strength of SOC in GeO2, its nodal-line semimetal properties remain largely intact even after including SOC effects.
Our findings provide valuable insights for the topological phase engineering and potential spintronics applications of GeO2.
{"title":"Topological phase engineering of rutile GeO2 with strain","authors":"Shuaihui Guo , Xiaoxiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nodal-line semimetals serve as the parent phase for various topological states. By manipulating spin-orbit coupling (SOC), time-reversal symmetry, or spatial inversion symmetry, a Dirac nodal-line semimetal can transition into a 3D Dirac semimetal, Weyl semimetal, or topological insulator.</div><div>In this study, we present the topological phase engineering of rutile GeO<sub>2</sub> under strain through first-principles calculations. Without considering SOC effect, applying tensile strain to GeO<sub>2</sub> induces a transformation from a trivial insulator to a Dirac nodal-line semimetal, characterized by two orthogonal and interconnected Dirac nodal rings protected by mirror symmetry. When SOC is taken into account, the band degeneracy persists only at two points, resulting in a 3D Dirac semimetal. Nonetheless, due to the negligible strength of SOC in GeO<sub>2</sub>, its nodal-line semimetal properties remain largely intact even after including SOC effects.</div><div>Our findings provide valuable insights for the topological phase engineering and potential spintronics applications of GeO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129991
Dong Ding , Ming-Xing Yu , Ying-Qiu He , Hao-Sen Ji , Ting Gao , Feng-Li Yan
As a generalization of the well-known Bell state measurement (BSM), the elegant joint measurement (EJM) is a kind of novel two-qubit joint measurement, parameterized by a subtle phase factor . We investigate here the quantum teleportation based on the EJM that conceptually goes beyond BSM. It is a probabilistic teleportation caused by nonunitary quantum evolution except for the special case of the BSM with . We show in detail the feasible quantum circuits to realize the present scenario, where a few unitary operations and a nonunitary quantum gate are being utilized. This work suggests that it is feasible to extend the customary (BSM-based) teleportation scenarios to the EJM-based ones, and different from the BSM being single input it may provide a continuously variable input setting or even multiple measurement settings for the sender of the quantum state.
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