{"title":"Soil Moisture and Glutamic Acid Affect Yield, Volatile Oil and Proline Contents of Oregano Herb (Origanum vulgare L.)","authors":"Aisha Ahmed, I. Talaat, K. Khalid","doi":"10.3923/IJB.2017.43.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJB.2017.43.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"48 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84542655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gamel, A. Elsayed, Jamila Abd Alhafit Bashasha, S. Haroun
{"title":"Priming Tomato Cultivars in β-sitosterol or Gibberellic Acid Improves Tolerance for Temperature Stress","authors":"R. Gamel, A. Elsayed, Jamila Abd Alhafit Bashasha, S. Haroun","doi":"10.3923/IJB.2017.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJB.2017.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74678320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sah, F. Al-Azri, Hafsa A. Al-Saidi, Abdullah A. Al-Sanjoor
{"title":"Temperature and Medium Affected Ecological Niche Breadth Study of some Leguminous Herbs from the Sultanate of Oman","authors":"P. Sah, F. Al-Azri, Hafsa A. Al-Saidi, Abdullah A. Al-Sanjoor","doi":"10.3923/IJB.2017.15.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJB.2017.15.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"71 1","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78264301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nitrotoxins in 13 Species of Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) Trees in Khuzestan Province, Iran","authors":"M. Noori, M. Talebi, M. Kalantar","doi":"10.3923/IJB.2017.37.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJB.2017.37.42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"6 ","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72590513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2016.85.218
P. Cardoso, Ja Scarpassa, Lg Pretto-Giordano, E. S. Otaguiri, S. Yamada-Ogatta, G. Nakazato, M. Perugini, Í. Moreira, G. Vilas-Bôas
Plants contain numerous constituents and are valuablesources of new biologically active molecules. Avocado (Perseaamericana Mill.) is cultivated and used as food in most tropical andsubtropical countries. Its high nutritional value and biological activities,as antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, have beenthoroughly investigated. Interest in plant extracts with antimicrobialproperties has increased as a result of the indiscriminate use ofantibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.Among bacterial species with clinical importance to multiple hosts,Streptococcus agalactiae is outstanding, as it can cause infections especiallyin humans, fish and cattle. The current study aimed to evaluatethe antimicrobial activity of two extracts (ethanol and dichloromethane)from avocado seeds, ‘Margarida’ variety, against isolates of S.agalactiae. Extracts were diluted in ethanol / water (1:1) at a concentrationof 100 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was tested by thedisk diffusion method (antibiogram) against isolates of S. agalactiaeof human and fish origin.The ethanol extract showed antimicrobialactivity only for some isolates of S. agalactiae of human origin. Thedichloromethane extract showed activity against all isolates of S. agalactiaeof both origins. A comparison of the results obtained with dichloromethaneextract from isolates of S. agalactiae of human or fishorigin demonstrated the existence of phenotypic variability amongisolates from the same host. However, when comparing measurementsobtained in each of the groups, they were statistically similar,showing a lack of interpopulation variability. Thus, it can be verifiedthat the resistance profile of isolates of S. agalactiae was independentof host origin and typical of the species.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of avocado extracts (Persea americana Mill.) against Streptococcus agalactiae","authors":"P. Cardoso, Ja Scarpassa, Lg Pretto-Giordano, E. S. Otaguiri, S. Yamada-Ogatta, G. Nakazato, M. Perugini, Í. Moreira, G. Vilas-Bôas","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2016.85.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2016.85.218","url":null,"abstract":"Plants contain numerous constituents and are valuablesources of new biologically active molecules. Avocado (Perseaamericana Mill.) is cultivated and used as food in most tropical andsubtropical countries. Its high nutritional value and biological activities,as antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, have beenthoroughly investigated. Interest in plant extracts with antimicrobialproperties has increased as a result of the indiscriminate use ofantibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.Among bacterial species with clinical importance to multiple hosts,Streptococcus agalactiae is outstanding, as it can cause infections especiallyin humans, fish and cattle. The current study aimed to evaluatethe antimicrobial activity of two extracts (ethanol and dichloromethane)from avocado seeds, ‘Margarida’ variety, against isolates of S.agalactiae. Extracts were diluted in ethanol / water (1:1) at a concentrationof 100 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was tested by thedisk diffusion method (antibiogram) against isolates of S. agalactiaeof human and fish origin.The ethanol extract showed antimicrobialactivity only for some isolates of S. agalactiae of human origin. Thedichloromethane extract showed activity against all isolates of S. agalactiaeof both origins. A comparison of the results obtained with dichloromethaneextract from isolates of S. agalactiae of human or fishorigin demonstrated the existence of phenotypic variability amongisolates from the same host. However, when comparing measurementsobtained in each of the groups, they were statistically similar,showing a lack of interpopulation variability. Thus, it can be verifiedthat the resistance profile of isolates of S. agalactiae was independentof host origin and typical of the species.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"99 1","pages":"218-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74991070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-03DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2015.84.407
C. Bustingorri, K. Balestrasse, R. Lavado
Arsenic (As) and Fluoride (F) are present in many soils, affecting crops and posing risks in the food chain. We performed pot experiments on spiked soils enriched in these elements either individually or simultaneously, over a wide range of concentrations. Soybean biomass production, grain yield, As and F accumulation and distribution within the plant, and the antioxidant response to these stresses were analyzed. Arsenic was more toxic than F. At As levels >35 mg/kg and F levels >375 mg/kg, yield loss reached 60% and 30%, respectively. At the highest dose of As plants died within 2 weeks, whereas F showed no lethality. When they were applied simultaneously, detrimental effects were more important. As and F in plants increased in all soybean organs although grains presented the lowest concentrations. Antioxidant enzymes were enhanced inplants but this increase was not high enough to cope with the oxidative damage.
{"title":"Effects of high arsenic and fluoride soil concentrations on soybean plants.","authors":"C. Bustingorri, K. Balestrasse, R. Lavado","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2015.84.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2015.84.407","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic (As) and Fluoride (F) are present in many soils, affecting crops and posing risks in the food chain. We performed pot experiments on spiked soils enriched in these elements either individually or simultaneously, over a wide range of concentrations. Soybean biomass production, grain yield, As and F accumulation and distribution within the plant, and the antioxidant response to these stresses were analyzed. Arsenic was more toxic than F. At As levels >35 mg/kg and F levels >375 mg/kg, yield loss reached 60% and 30%, respectively. At the highest dose of As plants died within 2 weeks, whereas F showed no lethality. When they were applied simultaneously, detrimental effects were more important. As and F in plants increased in all soybean organs although grains presented the lowest concentrations. Antioxidant enzymes were enhanced inplants but this increase was not high enough to cope with the oxidative damage.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"54 1","pages":"407-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76695430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-03DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2015.84.368
X. J. Chen, R. Guo, Y. Tao, Xin Hu, Quan Xu
PttKN1 gene (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides KNOTTED1) was isolated from the vascular cambium of a hybrid aspen. Previous studies on transformed plants with the PttKN1 gene suggested that it plays roles in plant development (typically in meristem initiation), maintenance and organogenesis in simple-leaved species. To investigate the gene functions further, sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid was conducted. The results suggested that the gene belongs to the class I KNOX gene (KNOTTED1-like homeobox genes) family and might play important roles in plant development by coding a transcription factor. The gene was introduced into Cardamine hirsuta using the floral dip method mediated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The primary transformed plants were obtained via kanamycin selection. Compared to the wild type, the kanamycin resistant plants demonstrated several morphological alterations, such as abnormal cotyledons, abnormal shoot meristem, flattened stem, and lobed and cup-shaped leaves. RT-PCR results showed that the above five types of kanamycin resistant plants expressed the same specific PttKN1 gene band. This suggested that the morphological alterations were caused by the insertion and expression of the gene. However, these phenotypes were similar to other PttKN1 transformed plants, despite the fact that C. hirsuta is a species with compound leaves and the other species have simple leaves. Therefore, the functions of the PttKN1 gene on compound-leaf species have yet to be investigated via the comparison between related species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and C. hirsuta.
从杂交白杨维管形成层中分离到PttKN1基因(Populus tremula × P. tremuloides knottted1)。先前对携带PttKN1基因的转化植物的研究表明，它在单叶植物的发育(主要是分生组织的起始)、维持和器官发生中发挥作用。为了进一步研究该基因的功能，对推导出的氨基酸进行了序列分析。结果表明，该基因属于I类KNOX基因家族，可能通过编码转录因子在植物发育中发挥重要作用。通过农杆菌介导的花浸渍法将该基因导入小豆蔻毛菌。通过卡那霉素选择获得初级转化植株。与野生型相比，卡那霉素抗性植株表现出一些形态变化，如子叶异常、芽分生组织异常、茎扁平、叶裂和杯状。RT-PCR结果显示，上述5种卡那霉素抗性植物表达了相同的PttKN1特异性基因带。这表明形态学改变是由该基因的插入和表达引起的。然而，这些表型与其他PttKN1转化的植物相似，尽管毛缕草是复叶物种，而其他物种是单叶物种。因此，PttKN1基因在复叶物种上的功能还有待通过拟南芥和毛毛芥等近缘种的比较来研究。
{"title":"Ectopic expression of the PttKN1 gene in Cardamine hirsuta mediated via the floral dip method.","authors":"X. J. Chen, R. Guo, Y. Tao, Xin Hu, Quan Xu","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2015.84.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2015.84.368","url":null,"abstract":"PttKN1 gene (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides KNOTTED1) was isolated from the vascular cambium of a hybrid aspen. Previous studies on transformed plants with the PttKN1 gene suggested that it plays roles in plant development (typically in meristem initiation), maintenance and organogenesis in simple-leaved species. To investigate the gene functions further, sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid was conducted. The results suggested that the gene belongs to the class I KNOX gene (KNOTTED1-like homeobox genes) family and might play important roles in plant development by coding a transcription factor. The gene was introduced into Cardamine hirsuta using the floral dip method mediated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The primary transformed plants were obtained via kanamycin selection. Compared to the wild type, the kanamycin resistant plants demonstrated several morphological alterations, such as abnormal cotyledons, abnormal shoot meristem, flattened stem, and lobed and cup-shaped leaves. RT-PCR results showed that the above five types of kanamycin resistant plants expressed the same specific PttKN1 gene band. This suggested that the morphological alterations were caused by the insertion and expression of the gene. However, these phenotypes were similar to other PttKN1 transformed plants, despite the fact that C. hirsuta is a species with compound leaves and the other species have simple leaves. Therefore, the functions of the PttKN1 gene on compound-leaf species have yet to be investigated via the comparison between related species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and C. hirsuta.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"26 1","pages":"368-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81135585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-03DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2015.84.272
C. Yescas, V. JaOrozco
The scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions of the world is a problem that every day increases by climate change. The subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and changes in population density of plants are alternatives that can be used to make a sustainable use of water. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the combination that allows for an increased corn performance and efficient use of water without losing the quality of forage. Three different irrigation levels were applied through a system of a SDI at three different densities of forage maize plants in an arid region. The results demonstrated that by applying different levels of water, either enough or lack of soil moisture is created, which is directly reflected in crop yield, and its determining variables such as green forage and dry matter yield, and nutritional quality. The irrigation level to a 100% of potential evapotranspiration (PET), at a density of 80000 plants/ha, increased yield of green forage to 57664 kg/ha; crude protein was 8.59%, while the rest of the quality parameters decreased. This study allowed to conclude that the irrigation level was the major factor in the response of the crop.
{"title":"Yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L.) with different levels of subsurface drip irrigation and plant density.","authors":"C. Yescas, V. JaOrozco","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2015.84.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2015.84.272","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions of the world is a problem that every day increases by climate change. The subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and changes in population density of plants are alternatives that can be used to make a sustainable use of water. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the combination that allows for an increased corn performance and efficient use of water without losing the quality of forage. Three different irrigation levels were applied through a system of a SDI at three different densities of forage maize plants in an arid region. The results demonstrated that by applying different levels of water, either enough or lack of soil moisture is created, which is directly reflected in crop yield, and its determining variables such as green forage and dry matter yield, and nutritional quality. The irrigation level to a 100% of potential evapotranspiration (PET), at a density of 80000 plants/ha, increased yield of green forage to 57664 kg/ha; crude protein was 8.59%, while the rest of the quality parameters decreased. This study allowed to conclude that the irrigation level was the major factor in the response of the crop.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"272-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85738112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-03DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2015.84.345
D. González-Mendoza, A. M. García-López, C. C. Duran, O. Grimaldo-Juárez, Mónica Aviles-Marin, Y. Pérez-Luna, P. Álvarez-Gutiérrez
We studied the changes in the number of leaves, roots and height on three cultivars of Capsicum anuumm (Jalapeno, Serrano and De arbol) after inoculation with Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19. Results indicated that Glomus intraradices FS18 produced greater effects on height (6.12 and 5.63 cm) and number of leaves (10.66 and 5.84) in the cultivars “Jalapeno” and “De arbol”, respectively. On the other hand, Glomus zac-19 stimulated the number of leaves and roots in “Serrano” pepper (6.17 leaves and 15.31 roots) and “Arbol” (6.52 leaves and 26.32 roots). Our results demonstrate the capacity of Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19 of stimulating seedling growth on the three cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. This demonstrates the potential for using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of plants of agronomic interest.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their effects on growth of different cultivars of Capsicum annuum L.","authors":"D. González-Mendoza, A. M. García-López, C. C. Duran, O. Grimaldo-Juárez, Mónica Aviles-Marin, Y. Pérez-Luna, P. Álvarez-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2015.84.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2015.84.345","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the changes in the number of leaves, roots and height on three cultivars of Capsicum anuumm (Jalapeno, Serrano and De arbol) after inoculation with Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19. Results indicated that Glomus intraradices FS18 produced greater effects on height (6.12 and 5.63 cm) and number of leaves (10.66 and 5.84) in the cultivars “Jalapeno” and “De arbol”, respectively. On the other hand, Glomus zac-19 stimulated the number of leaves and roots in “Serrano” pepper (6.17 leaves and 15.31 roots) and “Arbol” (6.52 leaves and 26.32 roots). Our results demonstrate the capacity of Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19 of stimulating seedling growth on the three cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. This demonstrates the potential for using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of plants of agronomic interest.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"55 1","pages":"345-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83720901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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