Salvia miltiorrhiza is an outcrossing and perennial herb native to China. Although well-known for its medicinal value, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its natural population genetics. Here, we used 12 microsatellite markers to investigated population genetic diversity and structure of 215 samples from populations naturally distributed in central eastern China. A moderate level of genetic diversity was detected probably due to the over-mining of its roots. The allelic richness (AR) ranged from 3.034 to 4.889 with an average of 3.891. Moreover, pairwise estimates of FST among the populations of S. miltiorrhiza varied from 0.036 to 0.312 and two clusters were obtained by STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components. It is likely that the genetic differentiation of these two clusters was formed during glacial periods. Our result provides insights into the conservation of this valuable medicinal plant.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of wild Salvia miltiorrhiza in China revealed by microsatellite markers and implication for conservation","authors":"Xiaoguo Wang, Dongfeng Yan, Jine Quan, Sanning Hu, Hongyan Liang, Xitian Yang","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000340","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza</jats:italic> is an outcrossing and perennial herb native to China. Although well-known for its medicinal value, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its natural population genetics. Here, we used 12 microsatellite markers to investigated population genetic diversity and structure of 215 samples from populations naturally distributed in central eastern China. A moderate level of genetic diversity was detected probably due to the over-mining of its roots. The allelic richness (<jats:italic>A</jats:italic><jats:sub>R</jats:sub>) ranged from 3.034 to 4.889 with an average of 3.891. Moreover, pairwise estimates of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>ST</jats:sub> among the populations of <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza</jats:italic> varied from 0.036 to 0.312 and two clusters were obtained by STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components. It is likely that the genetic differentiation of these two clusters was formed during glacial periods. Our result provides insights into the conservation of this valuable medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaranth, with its high genetic variability, holds promise for global food security, income generation and climate resilience. Developing stable, high-yielding genotypes is essential for sustainable production. In this study, stability analysis was conducted on five Amaranth accessions over two seasons at three Malawian sites. Significant trait variations, including grain yield, plant height and leaf characteristics, underscored the dynamic nature of Amaranth cultivation. Notably, LL-BH-04 consistently exhibited superior grain yield, while others showed variable performance, highlighting the importance of stability analysis. Employing the Eberhart and Russell model, stable accessions in leaf and grain yield were identified. Additionally, AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) biplot analysis revealed genetic diversity and stability patterns, aiding resilient cultivar selection. Consequently, LL-BH-04 and PE-UP-BH-01, identified as stable genotypes, were recommended for release, thereby enhancing agricultural sustainability and food security. These findings emphasize the need for site-specific breeding evaluations for sustainable productivity and underscore the importance of selecting stable cultivars to address agricultural challenges. LL-BH-04 and PE-LO-BH-01 were proposed for release to boost Amaranth production in Malawi, serving as the foundation for tailored breeding efforts aimed at improving productivity and resilience. This study contributes valuable insights into the stability and performance of Amaranth cultivars, offering guidance for sustainable crop production and variety development strategies.
{"title":"Stability analysis and identification of high-yielding Amaranth accessions for varietal development under various agroecologies of Malawi","authors":"Mvuyeni Nyasulu, Sibongile Zimba, Moses Maliro, Rowland Maganizo Kamanga, Rudoviko Galileya Medison, Abel Sefasi","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000327","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranth, with its high genetic variability, holds promise for global food security, income generation and climate resilience. Developing stable, high-yielding genotypes is essential for sustainable production. In this study, stability analysis was conducted on five Amaranth accessions over two seasons at three Malawian sites. Significant trait variations, including grain yield, plant height and leaf characteristics, underscored the dynamic nature of Amaranth cultivation. Notably, LL-BH-04 consistently exhibited superior grain yield, while others showed variable performance, highlighting the importance of stability analysis. Employing the Eberhart and Russell model, stable accessions in leaf and grain yield were identified. Additionally, AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) biplot analysis revealed genetic diversity and stability patterns, aiding resilient cultivar selection. Consequently, LL-BH-04 and PE-UP-BH-01, identified as stable genotypes, were recommended for release, thereby enhancing agricultural sustainability and food security. These findings emphasize the need for site-specific breeding evaluations for sustainable productivity and underscore the importance of selecting stable cultivars to address agricultural challenges. LL-BH-04 and PE-LO-BH-01 were proposed for release to boost Amaranth production in Malawi, serving as the foundation for tailored breeding efforts aimed at improving productivity and resilience. This study contributes valuable insights into the stability and performance of Amaranth cultivars, offering guidance for sustainable crop production and variety development strategies.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preservation of the genetic diversity of sour cherry in Iran is imperative for the development of improved cultivars tailored to specific ecological conditions. Addressing gaps in research concerning ecological adaptation, resource management and international collaboration related to sour cherry genetic resources in Iran is essential. Bridging these research lacunae can facilitate the implementation of sustainable cultivation practices, optimize production systems and enhance the global utilization of sour cherry genetic diversity. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of pollen grains from ten native sour cherry genotypes in Iran was conducted over a two-year period using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The examination revealed that all pollen grains were unipolar, radially symmetrical and tricolpate. The length and width of pollen grains varied among genotypes, with lengths ranging from 42.17 to 57.57 μm and widths from 20.28 to 28.13 μm. Furthermore, all genotypes exhibited prolate pollen grains, with differing colpus lengths. Examination of pollen exine revealed striate shapes with varying numbers of ridges, ranging from 18.5 to 8.5 furrows per 50 m2. The horizontal area of pollen grains varied from 333.28 to 1491.69 μm. Polar perspective analysis showed considerable variation in the distance between mesocolpium endpoints. Sour cherry displays significant genetic diversity in Iran, and the application of SEM has proven instrumental in characterizing this diversity. This understanding will aid in further breeding research aimed at enhancing sour cherry varieties and their adaptation to specific ecological conditions.
{"title":"Pollen morphology reveals genetic diversity between some superior sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes; an opportunity for expanding breeding possibilities","authors":"Hossein Momeni, Naser Bouzari, Mehrshad Zeinalabedini, Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000303","url":null,"abstract":"Preservation of the genetic diversity of sour cherry in Iran is imperative for the development of improved cultivars tailored to specific ecological conditions. Addressing gaps in research concerning ecological adaptation, resource management and international collaboration related to sour cherry genetic resources in Iran is essential. Bridging these research lacunae can facilitate the implementation of sustainable cultivation practices, optimize production systems and enhance the global utilization of sour cherry genetic diversity. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of pollen grains from ten native sour cherry genotypes in Iran was conducted over a two-year period using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The examination revealed that all pollen grains were unipolar, radially symmetrical and tricolpate. The length and width of pollen grains varied among genotypes, with lengths ranging from 42.17 to 57.57 μm and widths from 20.28 to 28.13 μm. Furthermore, all genotypes exhibited prolate pollen grains, with differing colpus lengths. Examination of pollen exine revealed striate shapes with varying numbers of ridges, ranging from 18.5 to 8.5 furrows per 50 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. The horizontal area of pollen grains varied from 333.28 to 1491.69 μm. Polar perspective analysis showed considerable variation in the distance between mesocolpium endpoints. Sour cherry displays significant genetic diversity in Iran, and the application of SEM has proven instrumental in characterizing this diversity. This understanding will aid in further breeding research aimed at enhancing sour cherry varieties and their adaptation to specific ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1017/s1479262124000315
Dan Singh Jakhar, Rajesh Singh, Shravan Kumar Singh
The present study generates information related to the molecular divergence between turcicum leaf blight (TLB)-resistant and -susceptible lines. During molecular diversity studies, a total of 212 alleles were detected at 75 marker loci and ranged from two to five with an average of 2.83 alleles per locus. A direct correlation for the number of alleles and polymorphism information content (PIC) values was ascertained. For instance, marker phi123 produced high number of alleles (5) with PIC values of 0.77. Using the DARwin 6.0 programme, the UPGMA dendrogram grouped 40 maize inbreds into two distinct clusters, cluster-I (36 inbreds) and cluster-II (4 inbreds). Cluster-I contained two subclusters; the first subcluster contained 28 inbreds and the second subcluster contained eight inbreds whereas cluster-II contained four inbreds. This major cluster-II was further classified into two subclusters which contained two inbreds each. Most of the inbred lines except V-25 from cluster-II were highly resistant to TLB disease. These inbred lines can be used in crossing programmes to develop TLB-resistant hybrids by using divergent parents. In this study, allelic diversity and PIC values indicated a good efficiency of markers for studying the polymorphism level available in studied inbred lines. High level of diversity among the inbreds detected with simple sequence repeat markers indicated their suitability for the further breeding programme.
{"title":"Molecular fingerprinting of highly resistant maize lines to turcicum leaf blight","authors":"Dan Singh Jakhar, Rajesh Singh, Shravan Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000315","url":null,"abstract":"The present study generates information related to the molecular divergence between turcicum leaf blight (TLB)-resistant and -susceptible lines. During molecular diversity studies, a total of 212 alleles were detected at 75 marker loci and ranged from two to five with an average of 2.83 alleles per locus. A direct correlation for the number of alleles and polymorphism information content (PIC) values was ascertained. For instance, marker phi123 produced high number of alleles (5) with PIC values of 0.77. Using the DARwin 6.0 programme, the UPGMA dendrogram grouped 40 maize inbreds into two distinct clusters, cluster-I (36 inbreds) and cluster-II (4 inbreds). Cluster-I contained two subclusters; the first subcluster contained 28 inbreds and the second subcluster contained eight inbreds whereas cluster-II contained four inbreds. This major cluster-II was further classified into two subclusters which contained two inbreds each. Most of the inbred lines except V-25 from cluster-II were highly resistant to TLB disease. These inbred lines can be used in crossing programmes to develop TLB-resistant hybrids by using divergent parents. In this study, allelic diversity and PIC values indicated a good efficiency of markers for studying the polymorphism level available in studied inbred lines. High level of diversity among the inbreds detected with simple sequence repeat markers indicated their suitability for the further breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1017/s1479262124000273
Saika Nabi, Shamshir ul Hussan, Tawqeer Nabi, Asif B. Shikari, Zahoor Ahmad Dar, N. S. Khuroo, Ajaz Ahmad Lone, P. A. Sofi, Rahila Amin, M. Altaf Wani
Oat being a rabi/winter crop in Kashmir, experiences extremely low temperatures which has detrimental effects on its growth and development. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate a set of 130 oat genotypes in multi-location trials across temperate conditions of Kashmir valley from 2018 to 2022. From the preliminary data of 56 genotypes, including five checks, were selected and evaluated for nutritional and yield attributing traits under cold stress conditions at two locations. The results demonstrated significant genetic variation and high heritability for majority of traits, except for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and dry fodder. Positive correlations were observed between green fodder yield and other traits, indicating their potential for enhancing yield. Principal component analysis identified four principal components that accounted for 69.87% of the total variation. Cluster analysis categorized the genotypes into two main clusters and six sub-clusters. Frost damage assessment was conducted at tillering stage after the snow melted in late January 2021 and 2022 using cold tolerance rating scale and subsequently tested for chilling injury through an electrolyte leakage test. From field and lab data analysis, five most promising cold tolerant, nutritious and high-yielding genotypes were identified. These genotypes have significant potential for utilization in future breeding programmes to improve cold tolerance in cultivated oats within the Kashmir valley thus promoting agricultural productivity and sustainability. The outcomes also provide valuable insights into the genetic variation, heritability, genotype-by-environment interactions, correlations and cold tolerance of oat genotypes in Kashmir.
{"title":"Bi-environmental evaluation of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for yield and nutritional traits under cold stress conditions using multivariate analysis","authors":"Saika Nabi, Shamshir ul Hussan, Tawqeer Nabi, Asif B. Shikari, Zahoor Ahmad Dar, N. S. Khuroo, Ajaz Ahmad Lone, P. A. Sofi, Rahila Amin, M. Altaf Wani","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oat being a rabi/winter crop in Kashmir, experiences extremely low temperatures which has detrimental effects on its growth and development. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate a set of 130 oat genotypes in multi-location trials across temperate conditions of Kashmir valley from 2018 to 2022. From the preliminary data of 56 genotypes, including five checks, were selected and evaluated for nutritional and yield attributing traits under cold stress conditions at two locations. The results demonstrated significant genetic variation and high heritability for majority of traits, except for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and dry fodder. Positive correlations were observed between green fodder yield and other traits, indicating their potential for enhancing yield. Principal component analysis identified four principal components that accounted for 69.87% of the total variation. Cluster analysis categorized the genotypes into two main clusters and six sub-clusters. Frost damage assessment was conducted at tillering stage after the snow melted in late January 2021 and 2022 using cold tolerance rating scale and subsequently tested for chilling injury through an electrolyte leakage test. From field and lab data analysis, five most promising cold tolerant, nutritious and high-yielding genotypes were identified. These genotypes have significant potential for utilization in future breeding programmes to improve cold tolerance in cultivated oats within the Kashmir valley thus promoting agricultural productivity and sustainability. The outcomes also provide valuable insights into the genetic variation, heritability, genotype-by-environment interactions, correlations and cold tolerance of oat genotypes in Kashmir.</p>","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1017/s1479262124000285
Bolagam Ravikumar, Kiranjit Kaur Dhatt
Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) is a vital summer season perennial semi-shrub and multipurpose drought-resilient flower crop of the tropical region of the Indian subcontinent. This industrially dominant crop is primarily used as border, bedding and pot culture in landscaping. There is a lack of information on the genetics of important traits and its correlation with quantitative characters like flower yield and understanding the co-segregation of these traits might be useful in crop improvement. Therefore, the present study was performed using 30 F2 segregating lines of Catharanthus developed from diallel crossing of six genetically dissimilar parents varied in many traits. Phenotyping of population was executed for 12 morphological traits. Results indicated that a significant positive association between days to flowering and plant height (0.753**), and leaf area and number of branches (0.463**) was recorded. Flowers per plant exhibit significantly positive correlation with all attributes except flower diameter (−005). The path coefficient analysis reported solely two traits, such as number of seeds per follicle (0.357) and corolla tube length (0.308) exerted positively significant direct effects on flower yield per plant. The scrutiny of principal components showed that the first three components demonstrated a cumulative variability of 70.1%. The dissipating of F2 plants in bi-plot is impenitent to our prior reports that six inbred lines were genetically diverse and quite different for the characters under study. The current research might be useful in breeding programmes for selection and hybridization of periwinkle in future.
{"title":"Exploitation of genetics for improvement of morphological traits in segregating population of underutilized ornamental herb (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don)","authors":"Bolagam Ravikumar, Kiranjit Kaur Dhatt","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000285","url":null,"abstract":"Periwinkle (<jats:italic>Catharanthus roseus</jats:italic> (L.) G. Don) is a vital summer season perennial semi-shrub and multipurpose drought-resilient flower crop of the tropical region of the Indian subcontinent. This industrially dominant crop is primarily used as border, bedding and pot culture in landscaping. There is a lack of information on the genetics of important traits and its correlation with quantitative characters like flower yield and understanding the co-segregation of these traits might be useful in crop improvement. Therefore, the present study was performed using 30 F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> segregating lines of <jats:italic>Catharanthus</jats:italic> developed from diallel crossing of six genetically dissimilar parents varied in many traits. Phenotyping of population was executed for 12 morphological traits. Results indicated that a significant positive association between days to flowering and plant height (0.753**), and leaf area and number of branches (0.463**) was recorded. Flowers per plant exhibit significantly positive correlation with all attributes except flower diameter (−005). The path coefficient analysis reported solely two traits, such as number of seeds per follicle (0.357) and corolla tube length (0.308) exerted positively significant direct effects on flower yield per plant. The scrutiny of principal components showed that the first three components demonstrated a cumulative variability of 70.1%. The dissipating of F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> plants in bi-plot is impenitent to our prior reports that six inbred lines were genetically diverse and quite different for the characters under study. The current research might be useful in breeding programmes for selection and hybridization of periwinkle in future.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1017/s1479262124000212
Elton Ndlovu, Mcebisi Maphosa, Johannes Van Staden
One of the critical growth and development stages that is vulnerable to drought and heat stress even in hardy staple crops is germination. Sorghum is a critically essential, resilient, and diverse crop that displays genotypic variations in its ability to withstand such harsh conditions, limiting crop stand and ultimately leading to yield losses. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of 50 high potential genotypes of African sorghum, including landraces, breeding lines and check varieties to simulated drought and heat stress at germination stage. The study used a split plot arrangement for temperature treatments, laid in a completely randomized design with three replications. Final germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index and coefficient variation of germination time (CVt) were determined. Data was subjected to generalized linear model, principal component analysis, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis to determine statistical differences in genotypes and visualize groups of genotypes according to their overall performance in assessed germination parameters. Drought stress and supra-optimal temperatures suppressed and delayed germination. The genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters based on their performance. Genotypes NPGRC1593, NPGRC1782, NPGRC1476 and IS224426 performed exceptionally well under both stressors and outperformed check varieties in almost all parameters assessed. To improve crop establishment and increase agricultural yields, breeding and crop improvement programs should focus on genotypes that can withstand both stresses.
{"title":"In-vitro induced drought and heat stress on seed germination of diverse African sorghum germplasm","authors":"Elton Ndlovu, Mcebisi Maphosa, Johannes Van Staden","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000212","url":null,"abstract":"One of the critical growth and development stages that is vulnerable to drought and heat stress even in hardy staple crops is germination. Sorghum is a critically essential, resilient, and diverse crop that displays genotypic variations in its ability to withstand such harsh conditions, limiting crop stand and ultimately leading to yield losses. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of 50 high potential genotypes of African sorghum, including landraces, breeding lines and check varieties to simulated drought and heat stress at germination stage. The study used a split plot arrangement for temperature treatments, laid in a completely randomized design with three replications. Final germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index and coefficient variation of germination time (CVt) were determined. Data was subjected to generalized linear model, principal component analysis, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis to determine statistical differences in genotypes and visualize groups of genotypes according to their overall performance in assessed germination parameters. Drought stress and supra-optimal temperatures suppressed and delayed germination. The genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters based on their performance. Genotypes NPGRC1593, NPGRC1782, NPGRC1476 and IS224426 performed exceptionally well under both stressors and outperformed check varieties in almost all parameters assessed. To improve crop establishment and increase agricultural yields, breeding and crop improvement programs should focus on genotypes that can withstand both stresses.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safflower, a semiarid crop, contains a healthy oil with high unsaturated fatty acids. Genetically diverse accessions are important for genetic maintenance of safflower and breeding proposes. The objectives of present investigation were to evaluate the morphological variation of 100 safflower accessions across two years (2022 and 2023), to explore similar genotypic groups and to identify the higher contribution of traits with to the observed variability. The highest coefficient of variation (CV) was observed for seeds per secondary capitulum, number of capitula per plant and weight of lateral capitulum in the first year and the highest CV values were observed for number of capitula per plant and capitula per lateral branch in the second year. The factor analysis identified five factors in the first year and six factors in the second as yield components, height, seed yield, capitulum diameter and phonology while number of branches was identified as the extra factor in the second year. Results showed that the variation of morphologic traits was made up of from the most measured traits of safflower. We defined seven distinct clusters, which made it possible to differentiate safflower accessions based on measured traits across two years. Of 45 accessions were grouped in similar clusters across two years, without any or similar genotype by environment interaction. Some high yielding accessions like C-47 and Lesaf-175 can be entered directly in multi-environmental trials for cultivar release proposes. The recognized variation improves as a good resource, indicating an important issue for future projects for safflower germplasm maintenance and breeding.
{"title":"Genetic diversity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm for vegetative and agronomic characteristics in semi-arid regions","authors":"Naser Sabaghnia, Amin Ahadnezhad, Mohsen Janmohammadi","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000200","url":null,"abstract":"Safflower, a semiarid crop, contains a healthy oil with high unsaturated fatty acids. Genetically diverse accessions are important for genetic maintenance of safflower and breeding proposes. The objectives of present investigation were to evaluate the morphological variation of 100 safflower accessions across two years (2022 and 2023), to explore similar genotypic groups and to identify the higher contribution of traits with to the observed variability. The highest coefficient of variation (CV) was observed for seeds per secondary capitulum, number of capitula per plant and weight of lateral capitulum in the first year and the highest CV values were observed for number of capitula per plant and capitula per lateral branch in the second year. The factor analysis identified five factors in the first year and six factors in the second as yield components, height, seed yield, capitulum diameter and phonology while number of branches was identified as the extra factor in the second year. Results showed that the variation of morphologic traits was made up of from the most measured traits of safflower. We defined seven distinct clusters, which made it possible to differentiate safflower accessions based on measured traits across two years. Of 45 accessions were grouped in similar clusters across two years, without any or similar genotype by environment interaction. Some high yielding accessions like C-47 and Lesaf-175 can be entered directly in multi-environmental trials for cultivar release proposes. The recognized variation improves as a good resource, indicating an important issue for future projects for safflower germplasm maintenance and breeding.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae) is an important traditional Tibetan herb that is mainly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Despite its agricultural and pharmacological importance, there remains a paucity of microsatellite markers, particularly expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers, available for this local endemic species. In this study, based on previous Illumina transcriptome data of G. straminea, a total of 96 EST-SSR markers were initially designed and tested. Thirty-two of 96 loci (33.33%) were successfully amplified and verified for validation. Among them, 10 were polymorphic and had clear bands. The polymorphism information content values were 0.09–0.799, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 14, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.078–0.722 and 0.238–0.884, respectively, which suggested a high level of information. Moreover, cross-amplification was successful for 10 loci in two other related species, Gentiana macrophylla Pallas and Gentiana dahurica Fischer. These EST-SSR markers provide a valuable tool for investigating the genetic diversity related to quantitative traits and population genetic studies on G. straminea and related species in sect. Cruciata Gaudin.
{"title":"Development and characterization of novel EST-SSR markers for Gentiana straminea Maxim., a traditional Tibetan herb in China and cross-amplification in related species","authors":"Tingfeng Cheng, Pengcheng Lin, Dangwei Zhou, Huan Wang, Shengbo Shi, Jianwei Shen, Jing Meng, Xing Ye, Kun Zheng, Xingqiang Hu, Yuanwen Zhuang","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000224","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Gentiana straminea</jats:italic> Maxim. (Gentianaceae) is an important traditional Tibetan herb that is mainly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Despite its agricultural and pharmacological importance, there remains a paucity of microsatellite markers, particularly expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers, available for this local endemic species. In this study, based on previous Illumina transcriptome data of <jats:italic>G. straminea</jats:italic>, a total of 96 EST-SSR markers were initially designed and tested. Thirty-two of 96 loci (33.33%) were successfully amplified and verified for validation. Among them, 10 were polymorphic and had clear bands. The polymorphism information content values were 0.09–0.799, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 14, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.078–0.722 and 0.238–0.884, respectively, which suggested a high level of information. Moreover, cross-amplification was successful for 10 loci in two other related species, <jats:italic>Gentiana macrophylla</jats:italic> Pallas and <jats:italic>Gentiana dahurica</jats:italic> Fischer. These EST-SSR markers provide a valuable tool for investigating the genetic diversity related to quantitative traits and population genetic studies on <jats:italic>G. straminea</jats:italic> and related species in sect. <jats:italic>Cruciata</jats:italic> Gaudin.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The North East Hill Region (NEHR) of India is home to diverse maize landraces including pigmented accessions rich in antioxidants and nutritional properties. The present study attempted to characterize a representative collection of this mostly unexplored diversity. Altogether eighty-three local maize landraces from the seven hill states of the NEHR were studied with special emphasis on pigmentation diversity. For the morphological traits, a significant ANOVA indicated the presence of substantial genetic variability for which selection would be fruitful. A number of these accessions were found to have traits that help cope with moisture stress, improve stalk strength and optimize photosynthesis. Principal component analysis studies for the yield attributing traits indicated that ear weight was most variable. The bleaching/histological studies confirmed that anthocyanin pigment when present was always restricted to the aleurone layer of the kernels, typical of blue maize. Quantitative analysis for kernel anthocyanin/phlobaphene content also revealed genetic differences among the accessions. Genetic analysis using the model-based STRUCTURE indicated significant population structuring among the accessions. Specifically, for the pigmentation diversity studies both principal coordinate analysis and neighbour joining methods revealed near concurrent population structuring due in part to the high differentiation of seven of the twenty-one pigmentation specific loci studied. The results obtained provide comprehensive evidence of a significant amount of genetic differentiation among the landraces under study. Landraces are valuable reservoirs of favourable alleles for which selection can be made and, as in this study, identify accessions for breeding maize with enhanced levels of beneficial secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Genetic characterization and evaluation of pigmented maize (Zea mays L.) landraces of the North East Hill Region of India-an established centre of maize diversity","authors":"Sristishila Baruah, Thounaojam Bharti, Duddukur Rajasekhar, Harshavardhan Tatiparthi, Ernieca Lyngdoh Nongbri, Devyani Sen","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000182","url":null,"abstract":"The North East Hill Region (NEHR) of India is home to diverse maize landraces including pigmented accessions rich in antioxidants and nutritional properties. The present study attempted to characterize a representative collection of this mostly unexplored diversity. Altogether eighty-three local maize landraces from the seven hill states of the NEHR were studied with special emphasis on pigmentation diversity. For the morphological traits, a significant ANOVA indicated the presence of substantial genetic variability for which selection would be fruitful. A number of these accessions were found to have traits that help cope with moisture stress, improve stalk strength and optimize photosynthesis. Principal component analysis studies for the yield attributing traits indicated that ear weight was most variable. The bleaching/histological studies confirmed that anthocyanin pigment when present was always restricted to the aleurone layer of the kernels, typical of blue maize. Quantitative analysis for kernel anthocyanin/phlobaphene content also revealed genetic differences among the accessions. Genetic analysis using the model-based STRUCTURE indicated significant population structuring among the accessions. Specifically, for the pigmentation diversity studies both principal coordinate analysis and neighbour joining methods revealed near concurrent population structuring due in part to the high differentiation of seven of the twenty-one pigmentation specific loci studied. The results obtained provide comprehensive evidence of a significant amount of genetic differentiation among the landraces under study. Landraces are valuable reservoirs of favourable alleles for which selection can be made and, as in this study, identify accessions for breeding maize with enhanced levels of beneficial secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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