Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.46265/genresj.pses6766
H. Khazaei, Adithya Madduri@gmail.com
Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most economically important and widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. However, tomato plants are often affected by biotic and abiotic stresses that reduce yield and affect fruit quality. Phenotypic diversity is evident in cultivated tomatoes, particularly for horticultural traits, but genetic diversity is rather narrow. Major disease resistance genes for different pathogens such as viruses, fungi, bacteria and nematodes are mainly derived from wild tomato species and introgressed into cultivated tomatoes. Here, we list the major disease and insect-pest resistance genes identified in S. pimpinellifolium, S. habrochaites, S. peruvianum, S. chilense, S. pennellii, S. galapagense, S. arcanum and S. neorickii with perspective on the gap between current knowledge on tomato wild relatives and the knowledge that is needed.
{"title":"role of tomato wild relatives in breeding disease-free varieties","authors":"H. Khazaei, Adithya Madduri@gmail.com","doi":"10.46265/genresj.pses6766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.pses6766","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most economically important and widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. However, tomato plants are often affected by biotic and abiotic stresses that reduce yield and affect fruit quality. Phenotypic diversity is evident in cultivated tomatoes, particularly for horticultural traits, but genetic diversity is rather narrow. Major disease resistance genes for different pathogens such as viruses, fungi, bacteria and nematodes are mainly derived from wild tomato species and introgressed into cultivated tomatoes. Here, we list the major disease and insect-pest resistance genes identified in S. pimpinellifolium, S. habrochaites, S. peruvianum, S. chilense, S. pennellii, S. galapagense, S. arcanum and S. neorickii with perspective on the gap between current knowledge on tomato wild relatives and the knowledge that is needed.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81065848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.46265/genresj.xrhu9134
J. Tomka, J. Huba, I. Pavlík
To effectively conserve animal genetic resources, countries need to periodically review their conservation efforts and reflect on actual problems and challenges. This study provides a review of animal genetic resources conservation activities, as well as the related existing legislative measures, strategies and funding in Slovakia. We present the development of endangered and supported breeds, discuss the impact of subsidies and the importance of awareness raising, and provide a SWOT analysis of the current animal genetic resources conservation framework in the country. In Slovakia, conservation is primarily based on animal breeding in natural conditions (in situ) without any limitations to breed improvement, and cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is in its initial phase. Most of the funding for conservation measures is provided by the Rural Development Programme. In general, the animal genetic resources system in Slovakia is open in terms of including new breeds eligible for support and this paper shows that the provided subsidies helped to stabilize most of the supported populations. Promoting the presence, characteristics and advantages of local breeds in times of intensive import of exotic breeds into the country is crucial to motivate breeders to prefer local livestock breeds. While the future challenge for the government is to improve conservation and facilitate related activities, research should address not only diversity, pedigree studies and cryoconservation, but also focus on the characterization of animal genetic resources for food security and climate change.
{"title":"State of conservation of animal genetic resources in Slovakia","authors":"J. Tomka, J. Huba, I. Pavlík","doi":"10.46265/genresj.xrhu9134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.xrhu9134","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively conserve animal genetic resources, countries need to periodically review their conservation efforts and reflect on actual problems and challenges. This study provides a review of animal genetic resources conservation activities, as well as the related existing legislative measures, strategies and funding in Slovakia. We present the development of endangered and supported breeds, discuss the impact of subsidies and the importance of awareness raising, and provide a SWOT analysis of the current animal genetic resources conservation framework in the country. In Slovakia, conservation is primarily based on animal breeding in natural conditions (in situ) without any limitations to breed improvement, and cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is in its initial phase. Most of the funding for conservation measures is provided by the Rural Development Programme. In general, the animal genetic resources system in Slovakia is open in terms of including new breeds eligible for support and this paper shows that the provided subsidies helped to stabilize most of the supported populations. Promoting the presence, characteristics and advantages of local breeds in times of intensive import of exotic breeds into the country is crucial to motivate breeders to prefer local livestock breeds. While the future challenge for the government is to improve conservation and facilitate related activities, research should address not only diversity, pedigree studies and cryoconservation, but also focus on the characterization of animal genetic resources for food security and climate change.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83279980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.46265/genresj.wczg9712
Olawale Olusesan. Oguntolu, C. O. Anyaoha, V. Chikaleke, J. Olofintoye
African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is an important but underutilized leafy and fruit vegetable. Systematic characterization of available eggplant accessions for morphological and nutritional traits is paramount to their genetic improvement. This study characterized the diversity among selected S. aethiopicum accessions from Nigeria to identify promising genotypes for future breeding activities in the region. Twenty new purified African eggplant accessions collected from farmers’ fields were characterized using morphological and nutritional descriptors. The accessions varied significantly in qualitative, quantitative and nutritional parameters. Top performers for selected yield-contributing traits and nutritional parameters were NHEPA54, NHEPA39-1, NHEAP10, NHEPA10, NHEPA1, NHEPA56, NHEPA23 for vitamin C, iron, calcium, days to flowering, number of branches, plant height at maturity and number of fruits per plant respectively. The first four principal components accounted for 72.42% of total variability. The first principal component with the largest variation (28.77%) was loaded with number of branches, plant height at maturity, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant and fruit width. A significant positive association was exhibited between iron and yield-increasing traits such as number of fruits per plant (r = 0.532) and number of fruits per cluster (r = 0.551). Plant height at maturity positively correlated with vitamin C (r = 0.492) indicating predictable success in selecting top-performing eggplant genotypes combining high-yield potential and nutritional content. Top-performing eggplant genotypes identified in this study could be deployed as donors for a hybridization programme to develop new eggplant varieties with higher yield potential and improved nutritional quality.
{"title":"Nutritional and phenotypic variations among newly selected African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.)","authors":"Olawale Olusesan. Oguntolu, C. O. Anyaoha, V. Chikaleke, J. Olofintoye","doi":"10.46265/genresj.wczg9712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.wczg9712","url":null,"abstract":"African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is an important but underutilized leafy and fruit vegetable. Systematic characterization of available eggplant accessions for morphological and nutritional traits is paramount to their genetic improvement. This study characterized the diversity among selected S. aethiopicum accessions from Nigeria to identify promising genotypes for future breeding activities in the region. Twenty new purified African eggplant accessions collected from farmers’ fields were characterized using morphological and nutritional descriptors. The accessions varied significantly in qualitative, quantitative and nutritional parameters. Top performers for selected yield-contributing traits and nutritional parameters were NHEPA54, NHEPA39-1, NHEAP10, NHEPA10, NHEPA1, NHEPA56, NHEPA23 for vitamin C, iron, calcium, days to flowering, number of branches, plant height at maturity and number of fruits per plant respectively. The first four principal components accounted for 72.42% of total variability. The first principal component with the largest variation (28.77%) was loaded with number of branches, plant height at maturity, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant and fruit width. A significant positive association was exhibited between iron and yield-increasing traits such as number of fruits per plant (r = 0.532) and number of fruits per cluster (r = 0.551). Plant height at maturity positively correlated with vitamin C (r = 0.492) indicating predictable success in selecting top-performing eggplant genotypes combining high-yield potential and nutritional content. Top-performing eggplant genotypes identified in this study could be deployed as donors for a hybridization programme to develop new eggplant varieties with higher yield potential and improved nutritional quality.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82446347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.46265/genresj.hjif8839
Alberto-Rafael Arnal, A. Lázaro, J. Tardío
The purpose of this work was to morphologically characterize an apple tree collection composed of 67 individuals from 41 accessions belonging to 23 old Spanish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh) alongside 9 reference cultivars. The studied germplasm was collected previously in rural areas of central Spain (Sierra Norte de Madrid and Tagus river basin) and it was analyzed through 67 descriptors mainly from IBPGR and UPOV. We found a very high morphological diversity in the studied old apple cultivars, as 48% of the descriptors (most of them devoted to fruit traits) were significantly different between types of cultivars. In addition, the sample cultivars resulted clearly distinct from reference cultivars in multivariate analysis. In general, no particular structure was found in old cultivars, but a strong differentiation of ‘Agridulce’ and ‘Hojancas’ is reported due to their bigger fruits. Our results support the molecular analysis and call for further analysis of the local apple germplasm and long-term conservation actions.
本研究的目的是对23个西班牙老苹果品种(Malus domestica Borkh)和9个参考品种的41份材料中的67个个体进行形态学表征。所研究的种质是以前在西班牙中部农村地区(Sierra Norte de Madrid和Tagus河流域)收集的，并通过主要来自IBPGR和UPOV的67个描述符进行分析。结果表明，所研究的老苹果品种具有很高的形态多样性，其中48%的描述符(大部分用于果实性状)在不同品种间存在显著差异。多因素分析结果表明，样品品种与对照品种差异明显。一般来说，在老品种中没有发现特殊的结构，但由于果实较大，“Agridulce”和“Hojancas”有很强的分化。我们的研究结果支持了分子分析，并呼吁对当地苹果种质资源进行进一步分析和长期保护行动。
{"title":"Morphological characterization of 23 Malus domestica Borkh cultivars from central Spain","authors":"Alberto-Rafael Arnal, A. Lázaro, J. Tardío","doi":"10.46265/genresj.hjif8839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.hjif8839","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to morphologically characterize an apple tree collection composed of 67 individuals from 41 accessions belonging to 23 old Spanish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh) alongside 9 reference cultivars. The studied germplasm was collected previously in rural areas of central Spain (Sierra Norte de Madrid and Tagus river basin) and it was analyzed through 67 descriptors mainly from IBPGR and UPOV. We found a very high morphological diversity in the studied old apple cultivars, as 48% of the descriptors (most of them devoted to fruit traits) were significantly different between types of cultivars. In addition, the sample cultivars resulted clearly distinct from reference cultivars in multivariate analysis. In general, no particular structure was found in old cultivars, but a strong differentiation of ‘Agridulce’ and ‘Hojancas’ is reported due to their bigger fruits. Our results support the molecular analysis and call for further analysis of the local apple germplasm and long-term conservation actions.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"73 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77448227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.46265/genresj.hjeh3830
A. Lauvie, N. Couix, J. Sorba
Recognizing the products from farms that use local breeds is key to in situ conservation of local animal biodiversity. Recognition often focuses on a small number of specific breeds or products but could be expanded to include multiple local breeds and products. This paper shows that several farmers who use local breeds can share principles among the multiple dimensions of their farming systems. We analyzed the exchanges among nine farmers who use local breeds on the different dimensions of their farming systems at a workshop held in November 2017. We present the principles they shared and discuss (i) the fact that bringing the principles to the fore requires a collective participatory approach, (ii) the fact that shared principles may also concern dimensions often neglected in livestock farming systems approaches, and (iii) how a collective participatory approach can help recognize the products and activities of farmers who use local breeds.
{"title":"Farmers using local livestock biodiversity share more than animal genetic resources: Indications from a workshop with farmers who use local breeds","authors":"A. Lauvie, N. Couix, J. Sorba","doi":"10.46265/genresj.hjeh3830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.hjeh3830","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the products from farms that use local breeds is key to in situ conservation of local animal biodiversity. Recognition often focuses on a small number of specific breeds or products but could be expanded to include multiple local breeds and products. This paper shows that several farmers who use local breeds can share principles among the multiple dimensions of their farming systems. We analyzed the exchanges among nine farmers who use local breeds on the different dimensions of their farming systems at a workshop held in November 2017. We present the principles they shared and discuss (i) the fact that bringing the principles to the fore requires a collective participatory approach, (ii) the fact that shared principles may also concern dimensions often neglected in livestock farming systems approaches, and (iii) how a collective participatory approach can help recognize the products and activities of farmers who use local breeds.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91308974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.46265/genresj.uyml5006
G. Svishcheva, O. Babayan, T. Sipko, S. Kashtanov, M. Kholodova, Yurii Stolpovsky
Rangifer tarandus L. 1758 is one of the few modern hoofed species in which domestic and wild forms coexist in the same territory. The genetic differentiation of domestic and wild reindeer in Northern Eurasia was examined using microsatellite data. А total of 780 animals were studied at 16 microsatellite loci. Samples of wild reindeer were taken from seven populations inhabiting different natural areas, and samples of domestic animals were selected from the Evenki, Evens, Chukchi and Nenets breeds, including two ecotypes, Tofalar and Todzha reindeer. The levels of genetic diversity and variation in wild reindeer were higher than in domestic ones. Bayesian clustering analysis allowed us to distinguish domesticated reindeer populations by the degree of taming, but failed to detect differences in genetic structure between wild reindeer populations. These differences were found using the pairwise Fst values. Overall, the microsatellite analysis revealed a significant genetic differentiation between domestic and wild forms and the structuring of populations within each form, which may be important for the development of strategies for animal conservation.
Rangifer tarandus L. 1758是为数不多的现代有蹄类动物之一，其中家养和野生形式共存于同一领土。利用微卫星资料研究了欧亚大陆北部家养驯鹿和野生驯鹿的遗传分化。А在16个微卫星位点共研究了780只动物。野生驯鹿样本取自生活在不同自然区域的7个种群，家畜样本取自埃文基、埃文、楚科奇和涅涅茨驯鹿品种，包括Tofalar和Todzha驯鹿两种生态型。野生驯鹿的遗传多样性和变异水平高于家养驯鹿。贝叶斯聚类分析允许我们通过驯化程度来区分驯养驯鹿种群，但未能检测到野生驯鹿种群之间遗传结构的差异。这些差异是使用成对Fst值发现的。总体而言，微卫星分析揭示了家养和野生形式之间的显著遗传分化以及每种形式内的种群结构，这可能对制定动物保护策略具有重要意义。
{"title":"Genetic differentiation between coexisting wild and domestic Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L. 1758) in Northern Eurasia","authors":"G. Svishcheva, O. Babayan, T. Sipko, S. Kashtanov, M. Kholodova, Yurii Stolpovsky","doi":"10.46265/genresj.uyml5006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.uyml5006","url":null,"abstract":"Rangifer tarandus L. 1758 is one of the few modern hoofed species in which domestic and wild forms coexist in the same territory. The genetic differentiation of domestic and wild reindeer in Northern Eurasia was examined using microsatellite data. А total of 780 animals were studied at 16 microsatellite loci. Samples of wild reindeer were taken from seven populations inhabiting different natural areas, and samples of domestic animals were selected from the Evenki, Evens, Chukchi and Nenets breeds, including two ecotypes, Tofalar and Todzha reindeer. The levels of genetic diversity and variation in wild reindeer were higher than in domestic ones. Bayesian clustering analysis allowed us to distinguish domesticated reindeer populations by the degree of taming, but failed to detect differences in genetic structure between wild reindeer populations. These differences were found using the pairwise Fst values. Overall, the microsatellite analysis revealed a significant genetic differentiation between domestic and wild forms and the structuring of populations within each form, which may be important for the development of strategies for animal conservation.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89963254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.46265/genresj.hfhg6814
G. Moreira
The Creole sheep (Ovis aries) is a breed that has been reared for centuries in southern Brazil, although it was officially recognized by the Brazilian authorities only in 2001. There are no updated local records on its current abundance, which is essential to establish conservation policies for the breed if required. Based on a survey conducted among farmers and considering all genealogical control records for Creole sheep provided by the Brazilian Sheep Breed Association (ARCO), we herein address the status of the breed in terms of the number and size of flocks, updating its geographical distribution. There are approximately 112 Creole flocks, 8,844 reproductive ewes (flock size from 3 to 850 individuals; geometric average 54.77 individuals per flock). The flocks are primarily distributed in the southernmost states of Rio Grande do and Santa Catarina, with sporadic occurrence in northern and central states (Rio de Janeiro, and ). The majority of the flocks (n = 105 flocks, with 8,298 ewes) are privately held, being reared primarily for meat and carpet wool production, similarly to other commercial breeds. A few flocks (5.61%) have remained with the same families, whose ascendants started rearing Creole sheep as an undefined breed over a century ago. However, over 65% of the current breeders have started rearing these sheep in the last two decades, following the official recognition of the breed and the foundation of the Brazilian Creole Sheep Breeder Association, which is in charge of breed promotion. Moreover, 73 flocks with genealogical control by ARCO have been established since the official recognition of the breed (total average = 427.80 specimens recorded per year). Recently, however, this number has decreased, with only 19 Creole breeders registering sheep in the last five years. Notwithstanding, the number of registered males remained stable (average of 78.2 rams/year, during 2016–2020). Taken together, the total number of the existing Creole ewes and males is well above the threshold adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) to qualify a given sheep breed as at risk (< 80% pure-breeding ewes).
{"title":"Conservation status of Creole sheep flocks in Brazil","authors":"G. Moreira","doi":"10.46265/genresj.hfhg6814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.hfhg6814","url":null,"abstract":"The Creole sheep (Ovis aries) is a breed that has been reared for centuries in southern Brazil, although it was officially recognized by the Brazilian authorities only in 2001. There are no updated local records on its current abundance, which is essential to establish conservation policies for the breed if required. Based on a survey conducted among farmers and considering all genealogical control records for Creole sheep provided by the Brazilian Sheep Breed Association (ARCO), we herein address the status of the breed in terms of the number and size of flocks, updating its geographical distribution. There are approximately 112 Creole flocks, 8,844 reproductive ewes (flock size from 3 to 850 individuals; geometric average 54.77 individuals per flock). The flocks are primarily distributed in the southernmost states of Rio Grande do and Santa Catarina, with sporadic occurrence in northern and central states (Rio de Janeiro, and ). The majority of the flocks (n = 105 flocks, with 8,298 ewes) are privately held, being reared primarily for meat and carpet wool production, similarly to other commercial breeds. A few flocks (5.61%) have remained with the same families, whose ascendants started rearing Creole sheep as an undefined breed over a century ago. However, over 65% of the current breeders have started rearing these sheep in the last two decades, following the official recognition of the breed and the foundation of the Brazilian Creole Sheep Breeder Association, which is in charge of breed promotion. Moreover, 73 flocks with genealogical control by ARCO have been established since the official recognition of the breed (total average = 427.80 specimens recorded per year). Recently, however, this number has decreased, with only 19 Creole breeders registering sheep in the last five years. Notwithstanding, the number of registered males remained stable (average of 78.2 rams/year, during 2016–2020). Taken together, the total number of the existing Creole ewes and males is well above the threshold adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) to qualify a given sheep breed as at risk (< 80% pure-breeding ewes).","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85470673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.46265/genresj.kkxv5870
A. Kettunen, Signa Kallsoy Joensen, P. Berg
The Faroese horse, an endangered indigenous horse breed, is a part of the cultural and societal heritage of the Faroe Islands. Population history describes a severe bottleneck, prompting for quantification of the genetic diversity (level of inbreeding, probability of gene origin, effective population size) and assessment of sustainable conservation potential (Optimum Contribution Selection, OCS) of the Faroese horse population. The pedigree completeness (PCI) of the Faroese horse is adequate for a realistic estimation of the level of inbreeding (PCI5 = 0.96). In concordance with the known population history, the average inbreeding is exceptionally high; in the last cohort, it was equal to 26.8%. An estimate of the effective population size, based on individual increase in inbreeding and coancestry, accounting for the whole population history, was eight. OCS offers a tool to understand and control the increase in the average relationships in the population. Within a fixed number of matings, the repetitive use of stallions resulted in the lowest level of average relationships. Successful follow-up of mating schemes planned together with a holistic assessment of the suitability of an individual as a breeding candidate, will minimize the increase in inbreeding in future generations and maximize the possibility to increase the census size of the Faroese horse population.
{"title":"Optimum contribution selection (OCS) analyses prompted successful conservation actions for Faroese Horse population","authors":"A. Kettunen, Signa Kallsoy Joensen, P. Berg","doi":"10.46265/genresj.kkxv5870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.kkxv5870","url":null,"abstract":"The Faroese horse, an endangered indigenous horse breed, is a part of the cultural and societal heritage of the Faroe Islands. Population history describes a severe bottleneck, prompting for quantification of the genetic diversity (level of inbreeding, probability of gene origin, effective population size) and assessment of sustainable conservation potential (Optimum Contribution Selection, OCS) of the Faroese horse population. The pedigree completeness (PCI) of the Faroese horse is adequate for a realistic estimation of the level of inbreeding (PCI5 = 0.96). In concordance with the known population history, the average inbreeding is exceptionally high; in the last cohort, it was equal to 26.8%. An estimate of the effective population size, based on individual increase in inbreeding and coancestry, accounting for the whole population history, was eight. OCS offers a tool to understand and control the increase in the average relationships in the population. Within a fixed number of matings, the repetitive use of stallions resulted in the lowest level of average relationships. Successful follow-up of mating schemes planned together with a holistic assessment of the suitability of an individual as a breeding candidate, will minimize the increase in inbreeding in future generations and maximize the possibility to increase the census size of the Faroese horse population.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89777424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.46265/genresj.usts1801
Munzer Al Darvish, Anas Al Kaddour, Akram Bourgol, Yasser Alramadan, Yousef Hallak, S. Kell
Syria lies at the heart of the Fertile Crescent – one of the centres of diversity of staple crops such as wheat, barley, chickpea and lentil. The country has historically been rich in agrobiodiversity, including crop landraces valued for their nutritional and culinary qualities, as well as for their resilience. With their cultivation already in decline before the start of the Syrian crisis in 2011, this study was undertaken to assess the current status of crop landraces in northwest Syria, and to initiate an ex situ conservation programme. We found a significant decline in the number of landraces in cultivation, indicating a loss of locally adapted genetic diversity. Influencing factors include insufficient seed supply, competition with commercial hybrids, falling market demand and neglect by relevant government authorities. Despite not seeing conservation as their responsibility, the participating farmers were supportive of landrace conservation and willingly contributed seeds for ex situ conservation.
{"title":"Survey and conservation of crop landraces in northwest Syria","authors":"Munzer Al Darvish, Anas Al Kaddour, Akram Bourgol, Yasser Alramadan, Yousef Hallak, S. Kell","doi":"10.46265/genresj.usts1801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.usts1801","url":null,"abstract":"Syria lies at the heart of the Fertile Crescent – one of the centres of diversity of staple crops such as wheat, barley, chickpea and lentil. The country has historically been rich in agrobiodiversity, including crop landraces valued for their nutritional and culinary qualities, as well as for their resilience. With their cultivation already in decline before the start of the Syrian crisis in 2011, this study was undertaken to assess the current status of crop landraces in northwest Syria, and to initiate an ex situ conservation programme. We found a significant decline in the number of landraces in cultivation, indicating a loss of locally adapted genetic diversity. Influencing factors include insufficient seed supply, competition with commercial hybrids, falling market demand and neglect by relevant government authorities. Despite not seeing conservation as their responsibility, the participating farmers were supportive of landrace conservation and willingly contributed seeds for ex situ conservation.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80251892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fifteen qualitative and 21 morphometric variables on a total of 394 adult horses (282 stallions and 112 mares) from three selected districts were recorded to characterize the horse populations in southwestern Ethiopia. General linear model, frequency, and multivariate analysis procedures of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS 9.0) were used to analyze the data. Sex and location significantly affected the studied traits. Stallions were larger than mares, and the Gesha horse population was the tallest, longest, and largest among the studied populations. The majority of the studied horses possess plain body colour patterns with red-coloured medium hair size. A higher frequency of white-coloured horses was observed with increasing age. Stepwise discriminant function analysis revealed that pelvic width, cannon bone length, and height at croup were the top three morphometric variables to discriminate the populations while head length, head neck circumference, chest width, cannon bone circumference, and croup length had the lowest discriminatory power. The results of discriminant function analysis showed advanced classification (76.7%) of the studied horses into their respective populations/locations. Finally, canonical discriminant function analysis categorized the horse populations into three distinct categories. The Gesha horse population was different from Masha and Telo horse populations while having a relatively higher relationship with the Masha horse population. However, the distances calculated in this study show only the relative size differences between each population. Such differences might not necessarily be due to breed (genetic) differences. Therefore, diversity studies through further genetic characterization are recommended to design conservation and breeding programmes.
{"title":"Phenotypic characterization of Gesha horses in southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Amine Mustefa, Aweke Engdawork, Seble Sinke, Abebe Hailu","doi":"10.46265/genresj.kpil8781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.kpil8781","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen qualitative and 21 morphometric variables on a total of 394 adult horses (282 stallions and 112 mares) from three selected districts were recorded to characterize the horse populations in southwestern Ethiopia. General linear model, frequency, and multivariate analysis procedures of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS 9.0) were used to analyze the data. Sex and location significantly affected the studied traits. Stallions were larger than mares, and the Gesha horse population was the tallest, longest, and largest among the studied populations. The majority of the studied horses possess plain body colour patterns with red-coloured medium hair size. A higher frequency of white-coloured horses was observed with increasing age. Stepwise discriminant function analysis revealed that pelvic width, cannon bone length, and height at croup were the top three morphometric variables to discriminate the populations while head length, head neck circumference, chest width, cannon bone circumference, and croup length had the lowest discriminatory power. The results of discriminant function analysis showed advanced classification (76.7%) of the studied horses into their respective populations/locations. Finally, canonical discriminant function analysis categorized the horse populations into three distinct categories. The Gesha horse population was different from Masha and Telo horse populations while having a relatively higher relationship with the Masha horse population. However, the distances calculated in this study show only the relative size differences between each population. Such differences might not necessarily be due to breed (genetic) differences. Therefore, diversity studies through further genetic characterization are recommended to design conservation and breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":20188,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82762217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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