Symptomatic samples were taken from five districts in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces of Indonesia to survey the genetic diversity of Begomovirus, α and β satellites. A total of 14 samples were tested positive by PCR for tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), and ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) infections. Besides that, ageratum yellow vein alphasatellite (AYVA) was identified for the first time in Indonesia, and tomato leaf curl Java betasatellite (ToLCJaB) were detected for the first time in different hosts. Partial genome sequences of begomoviruses and complete sequences of the α and β satellites were recovered and registered in NCBI GenBank (OP846592-OP846615). Phylogenetic study showed that AYVA and ToLCJaB each had two separate lineages. Polymorphism and diversity analyses confirmed other reports that βC1 coding region of ToLCJaB genome is highly conserved. Comparison of phylogroups 1 and 2 of ToLCJaB produced a high FST value, indicated genetic isolation between them. This report could be a basis for future works on the less studied genetic variation of α and β satellites in Indonesia and other countries.
{"title":"Ageratum yellow vein alphasatellite and tomato leaf curl Java betasatellite association with begomoviruses infecting crops and weeds in Indonesia","authors":"Adyatma Irawan Santosa, Susamto Somowiyarjo","doi":"10.17221/16/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/16/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"Symptomatic samples were taken from five districts in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces of Indonesia to survey the genetic diversity of Begomovirus, α and β satellites. A total of 14 samples were tested positive by PCR for tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), and ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) infections. Besides that, ageratum yellow vein alphasatellite (AYVA) was identified for the first time in Indonesia, and tomato leaf curl Java betasatellite (ToLCJaB) were detected for the first time in different hosts. Partial genome sequences of begomoviruses and complete sequences of the α and β satellites were recovered and registered in NCBI GenBank (OP846592-OP846615). Phylogenetic study showed that AYVA and ToLCJaB each had two separate lineages. Polymorphism and diversity analyses confirmed other reports that βC1 coding region of ToLCJaB genome is highly conserved. Comparison of phylogroups 1 and 2 of ToLCJaB produced a high FST value, indicated genetic isolation between them. This report could be a basis for future works on the less studied genetic variation of α and β satellites in Indonesia and other countries.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Jiang, Tong Wang, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah, Xiaofeng Dai, Jieyin Chen, Dan Wang, Zhiqiang Kong
Chemical fungicides can cause drug resistance of plant pathogenic fungi, environmental pollution, and potential threats to humans and animals. Therefore, developing low-toxicity, high-efficient and environment-friendly biological control products is critical for green prevention, controlling plant fungal diseases, and maintaining ecological balance. Biocontrol research mainly includes the following aspects: antagonistic microorganisms, fungicidal proteins, RNA interference techniques and botanical fungicides. Significantly, natural products extracted from medicinal plants are valuable repertoire for inhibiting plant fungal diseases. This review systematically reviewed the research advances of using natural products from medicinal plants to inhibit plant pathogenic fungi, including the types of natural products, extraction methods, and antifungal mechanisms. The further prospects for the study and application, which provide the reference for botanical fungicide development and practical application in preventing and controlling plant fungal disease, were also discussed.
{"title":"Overview on the control of plant fungal pathogens by natural products derived from medicinal plants","authors":"Ming Jiang, Tong Wang, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah, Xiaofeng Dai, Jieyin Chen, Dan Wang, Zhiqiang Kong","doi":"10.17221/17/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/17/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical fungicides can cause drug resistance of plant pathogenic fungi, environmental pollution, and potential threats to humans and animals. Therefore, developing low-toxicity, high-efficient and environment-friendly biological control products is critical for green prevention, controlling plant fungal diseases, and maintaining ecological balance. Biocontrol research mainly includes the following aspects: antagonistic microorganisms, fungicidal proteins, RNA interference techniques and botanical fungicides. Significantly, natural products extracted from medicinal plants are valuable repertoire for inhibiting plant fungal diseases. This review systematically reviewed the research advances of using natural products from medicinal plants to inhibit plant pathogenic fungi, including the types of natural products, extraction methods, and antifungal mechanisms. The further prospects for the study and application, which provide the reference for botanical fungicide development and practical application in preventing and controlling plant fungal disease, were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shiro, Ryu Makihara, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Masayuki Kadowaki, Yuichi Saeki
{"title":"Compatibility of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) and Bradyrhizobium USDA strains, and geographical distribution and community structure on indigenous adzuki bean-nodulating bradyrhizobia in Japan","authors":"S. Shiro, Ryu Makihara, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Masayuki Kadowaki, Yuichi Saeki","doi":"10.17221/64/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/64/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44922088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanislav Ježek, Pavel Horčička, Eva Jozová, Vladislav Čurn
{"title":"Comparison of the effect of additives during Gliding Arc plasma treatment on the germination of bunt spores and growth characteristics of wheat","authors":"Stanislav Ježek, Pavel Horčička, Eva Jozová, Vladislav Čurn","doi":"10.17221/51/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/51/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46820214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mujahid Manzoor, Ali Hamza, Arshad Javaid, Moazzam Anees, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Malik Fiaz Hussain Firdosi, Azeem Intisar, Adnan Sami, Muhammad Zeeshan Haider, Muhammad Saleem Haider
Plant-based biopesticides such as extracts of neem and eucalyptus are gaining increasing attention as potential alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their reduced toxicity to non-target species and the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) as biopesticides against the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis), a major pest of brinjal (eggplant) crop. Experiments were conducted to determine the lethal concentration of both neem and eucalyptus extracts against BFSB larvae. The biopesticides were applied to brinjal fruit and their efficacy was evaluated by monitoring the mortality of BFSB larvae and pupae. The results showed that both neem and eucalyptus extracts were effective in controlling BFSB larvae, with the neem extract being slightly more toxic than the eucalyptus extract. A 5% concentration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of neem caused 82% and 64% mortality of BFSB 3rd instar larvae, while the same concentration of eucalyptus extracts caused 73% mortality with 60% mortality, respectively. BFSB 5th instar larvae showed a decreased mortality as compared to 3rd instars. It concludes that the use of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem and eucalyptus could help to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides to control brinjal fruit and shoot borer. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of these biopesticides in controlling BFSB and protecting brinjal crops.
{"title":"Bioefficacy of Some Botanical Extracts against Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer [Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee); Lepidoptera, Pyrallidae)","authors":"Mujahid Manzoor, Ali Hamza, Arshad Javaid, Moazzam Anees, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Malik Fiaz Hussain Firdosi, Azeem Intisar, Adnan Sami, Muhammad Zeeshan Haider, Muhammad Saleem Haider","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4728","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-based biopesticides such as extracts of neem and eucalyptus are gaining increasing attention as potential alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their reduced toxicity to non-target species and the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) as biopesticides against the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis), a major pest of brinjal (eggplant) crop. Experiments were conducted to determine the lethal concentration of both neem and eucalyptus extracts against BFSB larvae. The biopesticides were applied to brinjal fruit and their efficacy was evaluated by monitoring the mortality of BFSB larvae and pupae. The results showed that both neem and eucalyptus extracts were effective in controlling BFSB larvae, with the neem extract being slightly more toxic than the eucalyptus extract. A 5% concentration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of neem caused 82% and 64% mortality of BFSB 3rd instar larvae, while the same concentration of eucalyptus extracts caused 73% mortality with 60% mortality, respectively. BFSB 5th instar larvae showed a decreased mortality as compared to 3rd instars. It concludes that the use of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem and eucalyptus could help to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides to control brinjal fruit and shoot borer. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of these biopesticides in controlling BFSB and protecting brinjal crops.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mir Shahbaz Ali Talpur, Manzoor Ali Abro, Ghulam Hussain Jatoi, Jan Muhammad Marri, Gul Bahar Poussio, Muhammad Mazhar Qayyum, Faheem Uddin Rajer, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano, Saima Shafique
The present research aimed to effectively manage Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of banana leaf spot disease, through the utilization of diverse botanical extracts, essential oils, and biocontrol agents. Various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of botanical extracts, namely Garlic, Turmeric, Ginger, Neem, and Mint, were tested to assess their antifungal efficacy. Garlic demonstrated complete inhibition of radial growth (0.00 mm), with decreasing growth observed in Neem, Turmeric, Ginger, and the most extensive growth seen in Mint (32.83, 21.33, and 16.25 mm, respectively). Antifungal effects of specific essential oils (Clove, Tarpin, Castor, Bitter chamomile, Neem) were evaluated using the poisoned food technique at the mentioned concentrations. Clove exhibited complete growth inhibition (0.00 mm), followed by Tarpin, Castor, and Neem. Conversely, Bitter Chamomile oil promoted maximum growth (35.41, 30.41, and 25.50 mm). Control plates displayed growth of 90 mm. The study also assessed different in vitro biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum, Zasmidium anthuriicola, Penicillium sclerotiorum, Hypocrea lixii, and Chaetomium subaffine) against the target pathogen. Among these, Z. anthuriicola (18.41 mm) prevented F. oxysporum growth most effectively, followed by T. harzianum, P. sclerotiorum, C. subaffine, and H. lixii. While managing this destructive disease remains a significant challenge, the eco-friendly strategies employed in the study demonstrated that Garlic extract, Clove oil, and the biocontrol agent Z. anthuriicola substantially hindered the mycelial growth of the target pathogen.
{"title":"Exploring the Effects of Plant Extracts, Biological Agents and Essential Oils on the Non-Chemical Management of Banana Leaf Spot Disease","authors":"Mir Shahbaz Ali Talpur, Manzoor Ali Abro, Ghulam Hussain Jatoi, Jan Muhammad Marri, Gul Bahar Poussio, Muhammad Mazhar Qayyum, Faheem Uddin Rajer, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano, Saima Shafique","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4723","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aimed to effectively manage Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of banana leaf spot disease, through the utilization of diverse botanical extracts, essential oils, and biocontrol agents. Various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of botanical extracts, namely Garlic, Turmeric, Ginger, Neem, and Mint, were tested to assess their antifungal efficacy. Garlic demonstrated complete inhibition of radial growth (0.00 mm), with decreasing growth observed in Neem, Turmeric, Ginger, and the most extensive growth seen in Mint (32.83, 21.33, and 16.25 mm, respectively). Antifungal effects of specific essential oils (Clove, Tarpin, Castor, Bitter chamomile, Neem) were evaluated using the poisoned food technique at the mentioned concentrations. Clove exhibited complete growth inhibition (0.00 mm), followed by Tarpin, Castor, and Neem. Conversely, Bitter Chamomile oil promoted maximum growth (35.41, 30.41, and 25.50 mm). Control plates displayed growth of 90 mm. The study also assessed different in vitro biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum, Zasmidium anthuriicola, Penicillium sclerotiorum, Hypocrea lixii, and Chaetomium subaffine) against the target pathogen. Among these, Z. anthuriicola (18.41 mm) prevented F. oxysporum growth most effectively, followed by T. harzianum, P. sclerotiorum, C. subaffine, and H. lixii. While managing this destructive disease remains a significant challenge, the eco-friendly strategies employed in the study demonstrated that Garlic extract, Clove oil, and the biocontrol agent Z. anthuriicola substantially hindered the mycelial growth of the target pathogen.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Afzal, Aftab Ahmad, Muhammad Ali Hassaan, Sunbal Mushtaq, Asad Abbas
Pakistan’s agricultural sector is essential for the country’s economy, food security, and poverty reduction. However, it faces challenges such as water scarcity, land degradation, low productivity, climate change and infestation of pests and diseases. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions such as better soil management practices, improved access to high-quality seeds, and efficient water management practices. Pest and disease management is a crucial component of successful crop production. Effective management involves a range of tactics, including integrated pest and disease management, cultural practices, resistant crop varieties, and proper pesticide use. However, there are concerns about the potential negative impacts of chemical pesticides, highlighting the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. By combining different control methods and tailoring them to specific situations, farmers can minimize economic losses and improve crop productivity while promoting environmental sustainability and human health. It is important to continue researching and developing new pest and disease management strategies to ensure that farmers have access to the most effective and sustainable practices. Smallholder farmers must be made aware of these practices and provided with education, subsidies, and credit. Implementing these measures can increase productivity, improve incomes, and contribute to the country’s economic development
{"title":"Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability in Pakistan: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities through Effective Plant Disease Management","authors":"Amir Afzal, Aftab Ahmad, Muhammad Ali Hassaan, Sunbal Mushtaq, Asad Abbas","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4595","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan’s agricultural sector is essential for the country’s economy, food security, and poverty reduction. However, it faces challenges such as water scarcity, land degradation, low productivity, climate change and infestation of pests and diseases. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions such as better soil management practices, improved access to high-quality seeds, and efficient water management practices. Pest and disease management is a crucial component of successful crop production. Effective management involves a range of tactics, including integrated pest and disease management, cultural practices, resistant crop varieties, and proper pesticide use. However, there are concerns about the potential negative impacts of chemical pesticides, highlighting the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. By combining different control methods and tailoring them to specific situations, farmers can minimize economic losses and improve crop productivity while promoting environmental sustainability and human health. It is important to continue researching and developing new pest and disease management strategies to ensure that farmers have access to the most effective and sustainable practices. Smallholder farmers must be made aware of these practices and provided with education, subsidies, and credit. Implementing these measures can increase productivity, improve incomes, and contribute to the country’s economic development","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waqar Ali, Aasma Fahad, Asim Mehmood, Aqsa Amin, Saif Ullah, Faisal Sohail Fateh, Muhammad Fayyaz
This review article delves into the impact, epidemiology, and management of sheath blight disease in rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which is a pernicious pathogen causing severe quality and production losses globally. Rice is a staple crop for almost two-thirds of the world’s population, and sheath blight disease significantly affects rice cultivation in many countries, causing substantial annual losses in grain yield. The article provides comprehensive insight into the biology of the pathogen, including its host range, symptoms, disease cycle, and factors influencing its severity. In particular, the pathogen’s virulence factors and the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis are explored in detail. The review also highlights the significant economic implications of sheath blight disease in rice and the consequent impact on food security and the livelihoods of farmers. Various management strategies, including chemical, cultural, and biological control measures, are discussed in this manuscript. These strategies offer potential solutions to mitigate the devastating effects of sheath blight disease on rice crops. In particular, the review emphasizes the importance of integrated pest management strategies that combine multiple control measures, including the use of resistant cultivars, fungicides, and cultural practices, to achieve long-term sustainable management of the disease. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for farmers, researchers, and policymakers working in agriculture sector to combat the disease’s threat and reduce crop losses. The findings of this review article can serve as a valuable resource for stakeholders in the rice production industry to enhance their understanding of sheath blight disease and develop effective management strategies to protect the rice crop's health and yield.
{"title":"Sheath Blight of Rice: A Review of Host Pathogen Interaction, Management Strategies and Future Prospects","authors":"Waqar Ali, Aasma Fahad, Asim Mehmood, Aqsa Amin, Saif Ullah, Faisal Sohail Fateh, Muhammad Fayyaz","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4587","url":null,"abstract":"This review article delves into the impact, epidemiology, and management of sheath blight disease in rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which is a pernicious pathogen causing severe quality and production losses globally. Rice is a staple crop for almost two-thirds of the world’s population, and sheath blight disease significantly affects rice cultivation in many countries, causing substantial annual losses in grain yield. The article provides comprehensive insight into the biology of the pathogen, including its host range, symptoms, disease cycle, and factors influencing its severity. In particular, the pathogen’s virulence factors and the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis are explored in detail. The review also highlights the significant economic implications of sheath blight disease in rice and the consequent impact on food security and the livelihoods of farmers. Various management strategies, including chemical, cultural, and biological control measures, are discussed in this manuscript. These strategies offer potential solutions to mitigate the devastating effects of sheath blight disease on rice crops. In particular, the review emphasizes the importance of integrated pest management strategies that combine multiple control measures, including the use of resistant cultivars, fungicides, and cultural practices, to achieve long-term sustainable management of the disease. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for farmers, researchers, and policymakers working in agriculture sector to combat the disease’s threat and reduce crop losses. The findings of this review article can serve as a valuable resource for stakeholders in the rice production industry to enhance their understanding of sheath blight disease and develop effective management strategies to protect the rice crop's health and yield.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the incidence and severity of yellow rust and brown rust in different regions of Pothwar have been studied. The lower Pothwar region (Jhelum) had the highest incidence of brown rust with a prevalence of 54.3%, while Rawalpindi had the highest incidence of yellow rust in the upper region with a prevalence of 26.8%. In the middle region (Attock), brown rust incidence was the lowest with a prevalence of 4.6%. The severity of both rusts varied among locations, with some locations experiencing severe outbreaks while others had little or no incidence. The highest incidence of both rusts was observed in Harrial for yellow rust (90%) and Balla for brown rust (100%). The severity of rusts ranged from Resistant to Moderately Susceptible. The study examined the yield attributes of wheat crops in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Pothwar regions of Pakistan. The results showed that Rawalpindi district had the highest crop yield, while Jhelum had the lowest. The study also found a correlation between disease incidence and various environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, tillers per meter length, tillers per meter square, number of grains per spike, and grain weight. Yellow rust had a strong correlation with humidity, tillers per meter square, and grain weight, while brown rust showed a strong correlation with temperature, precipitation, and humidity. The study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between environmental factors and crop yield to ensure food security.
{"title":"Assessment of Wheat Foliar Rust Infestations in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Pothwar Regions of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Summia Sami, Shazia Iram","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4588","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the incidence and severity of yellow rust and brown rust in different regions of Pothwar have been studied. The lower Pothwar region (Jhelum) had the highest incidence of brown rust with a prevalence of 54.3%, while Rawalpindi had the highest incidence of yellow rust in the upper region with a prevalence of 26.8%. In the middle region (Attock), brown rust incidence was the lowest with a prevalence of 4.6%. The severity of both rusts varied among locations, with some locations experiencing severe outbreaks while others had little or no incidence. The highest incidence of both rusts was observed in Harrial for yellow rust (90%) and Balla for brown rust (100%). The severity of rusts ranged from Resistant to Moderately Susceptible. The study examined the yield attributes of wheat crops in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Pothwar regions of Pakistan. The results showed that Rawalpindi district had the highest crop yield, while Jhelum had the lowest. The study also found a correlation between disease incidence and various environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, tillers per meter length, tillers per meter square, number of grains per spike, and grain weight. Yellow rust had a strong correlation with humidity, tillers per meter square, and grain weight, while brown rust showed a strong correlation with temperature, precipitation, and humidity. The study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between environmental factors and crop yield to ensure food security.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahir Mahmood, Anam Moosa, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Ambreen Maqsood, Fozia Kiani, Ghayor Abbas, Kamran Alyas, Bareerah Khalid
Rhizopus is an important post-harvest pathogen that causes rot in fruits and vegetables. During 2022, a considerable incidence of post-harvest rot of peaches was observed in local markets in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The symptoms appeared as whiskery moldy growth on the surface of the fruit. The pathogen was isolated and identified as Rhizopus species based on morphological features. Under the microscope, sporangiospores of Rhizopus were observed as light brown in color. The colony was very fast-growing and spreading. The color of Rhizopus mycelium was greyish. The pathogenicity was confirmed to satisfy Koch’s postulates. The pathogen caused lesions on the surface of peach fruit. The current study also assessed the antifungal effects of essential oils on the growth of Rhizopus. Two essential oils were used: clove oil and cinnamon oil at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. The disease lesion with a diameter of 1.6 cm was treated with clove oil, 1.3 cm with 100% concentrated cinnamon oil, and 2.4 cm with the control (inoculated with Rhizopus). Cinnamon oil gave the maximum inhibition of Rhizopus on peach fruit compared to clove oil. The loss in fruit weight was minimum (2 g) in cinnamon-treated fruit compared to clove oil (3 g), control (2 g), and the infected one without any treatment (7 g). In conclusion, the study provides important information about Rhizopus as a significant post-harvest pathogen causing rot in fruits and vegetables, with a specific focus on peach fruit in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The findings suggest that cinnamon oil could be a potential natural antifungal agent to mitigate post-harvest rot caused by the fungus in peaches.
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