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Assessment of Phytoextracts and Synthetic Chemicals for Controlling Leaf Blight of Syzygium Cumini 植物提取物和合成药剂防治白叶枯病的评价
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.02.4689
Rabeet Ahsan Khan, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Irfan Ahmad, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Jalal Arif, Abuzar Husnain, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Mehtab, Waqas Ahmad
Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is a distinguished source of protein, fat, minerals (Iron, Calcium, and Potassium), fiber, carbohydrates, phosphorous, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Leaf blight of S. cumini, caused by Pestalotiopsis spp., poses a potential threat to the successful production of Jamun fruit. The appearance of small, round, dark, and sunken spots on the fruit diminishes its quality and results in yield losses of 10 to 20%. Fungicides and plant extracts were employed to address this fungal problem under laboratory and greenhouse conditions using a Completely Randomized Design whereas field trials were performed using a Randomized Complete Block Design. In vitro experiments revealed that among the fungicides, minimum fungal growth was observed with Score (12.5 mm), followed by Topsin M (16.89 mm), Fossil (18.37 mm), Excel (23.17 mm), Evito (27.56 mm), and Bloom (32.32 mm), as compared to the control (55.56 mm). Among the phytoextracts, Moringa extracts showed the least fungal growth (15.7 mm), followed by Neem (18.76 mm), Eucalyptus (19 mm), Garlic (22.72 mm), Ginger (27.57 mm), and Cinnamomum verum (Dar Cheni) (31 mm), in comparison to the control (53.17 mm). The most effective fungicides and plant extracts determined in the laboratory experiments were further evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions, both alone and in combinations. In the greenhouse evaluation, the combination of Moringa + Score exhibited the lowest disease incidence (23.63%), followed by Score (28.12%) and Moringa (29.56%), in contrast to the control (52.9%). Under field conditions, among all treatments, Moringa + Score exhibited the least disease incidence of 17.44%. These findings confirm that leaf blight of S. cumini can be managed by using Score fungicide and Moringa oleifera extract.
Jamun (Syzygium cumini)是蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质(铁、钙和钾)、纤维、碳水化合物、磷和维生素C(抗坏血酸)的独特来源。拟盘多毛孢(pstalotiopsis spp.)引起的玉米叶枯病对Jamun果实的成功生产构成潜在威胁。果实上出现小、圆、暗和凹陷的斑点会降低其品质,导致产量损失10%至20%。在实验室和温室条件下,采用完全随机设计,使用杀菌剂和植物提取物来解决真菌问题,而现场试验采用随机完全区组设计。体外实验结果表明,与对照(55.56 mm)相比,各杀菌剂真菌生长最小的是Score (12.5 mm),其次是Topsin M (16.89 mm)、Fossil (18.37 mm)、Excel (23.17 mm)、Evito (27.56 mm)和Bloom (32.32 mm)。与对照(53.17 mm)相比,辣木提取物真菌生长最少(15.7 mm),其次是楝树(18.76 mm)、桉树(19 mm)、大蒜(22.72 mm)、生姜(27.57 mm)和肉桂(31 mm)。在实验室试验中确定的最有效的杀菌剂和植物提取物在温室和田间条件下进行了进一步评价,无论是单独使用还是联合使用。在温室评价中,辣木+ Score组合的发病率最低(23.63%),其次是Score(28.12%)和辣木(29.56%),而对照发病率为52.9%。田间条件下,各处理中辣木+ Score的发病率最低,为17.44%。这些结果证实了杀菌剂和辣木提取物可以有效地防治黄瓜叶枯病。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment of Responses of Peach Cultivars to Postharvest Pathogen Botrytis Cinerea and its Mitigation using Plant Essential Oils 桃品种对采后病原菌灰霉病的反应评价及植物精油的防治
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.02.4639
Zahra Ahmad, Huma Abbas, Tamsal Murtaza, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Anasr Ali, Khizra Zahid, Zunaira Tahir, Tahir Mahmood, Amer Habib
In peaches, post-harvest losses occur due to injury during mishandling, storage, processing, and transportation, especially caused by pathogen infections that result in the reduction of quantity, quality, and market value of agricultural commodities. Numerous postharvest pathogens attack peaches, especially Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mold disease, resulting in losses of about $10 billion globally. The current paper reports the results of a study that investigated the occurrence of different fungi and the effect of different essential oils on mold growth in five peach cultivars. The study found that Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, and A. niger had different preferences and distributions among the cultivars. The study also found that Florida King 6-A was resistant to B. cinerea, while Early Gold was highly susceptible. The study also found that cinnamon oil was the most effective essential oil in controlling mold growth in Florida King 6-A, while sesame oil was the least effective in Early Grand. The study also found that clove bud oil at 100% concentration had the highest antifungal potency among the tested essential oils and that different concentrations of essential oils were required for different cultivars. These findings highlight the varying levels of susceptibility among peach cultivars to fungal pathogens and the varying degrees of effectiveness associated with different essential oils in mitigating fungal growth. Such insights are invaluable for agricultural practices aiming to protect peach crops from fungal infections and optimize yield.
在桃子中,采后损失是由于处理、储存、加工和运输过程中的伤害造成的,特别是由病原体感染引起的,导致农产品数量、质量和市场价值下降。许多采后病原体攻击桃子,尤其是灰霉菌,引起灰霉病,在全球造成约100亿美元的损失。本文报道了5个桃品种不同真菌的发生情况及不同精油对霉菌生长的影响。研究发现,膨胀青霉、灰霉病菌、黄曲霉和黑曲霉在不同品种间具有不同的偏好和分布。研究还发现,佛罗里达国王6-A对葡萄球菌有抗性,而早期黄金则高度敏感。研究还发现,肉桂油是控制佛罗里达国王6-A霉菌生长最有效的精油,而芝麻油在早期格兰德中效果最差。该研究还发现,100%浓度的丁香芽油在被试精油中具有最高的抗真菌效力,并且不同品种需要不同浓度的精油。这些发现强调了桃树品种对真菌病原体的不同敏感性,以及不同精油在抑制真菌生长方面的不同程度的有效性。这些见解对于旨在保护桃子作物免受真菌感染和优化产量的农业实践是无价的。
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引用次数: 1
Assessing the Resistance of Different Chili Genotypes to Chili Leaf Curl Virus (Chilcv) and Evaluating Insecticides for Controlling its Vector, Bemisia Tabaci 不同辣椒基因型对辣椒卷曲叶病毒(Chilcv)的抗性鉴定及防治媒介烟粉虱的药剂评价
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.02.4661
Azher Mustafa, Saima Naseer, Salman Ahmad, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Azhar Abbas Khan, Zeshan Hassan, Ch. Muhammad Shahis Hanif, Saba Saeed, Javed Anwar Shah, Yasir Ali
The production of chili in Pakistan is currently facing a significant threat from Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). A study was conducted in the crop growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad to assess the susceptibility and resistance of nine chili genotypes to ChiLCV. Each genotype was replicated three times by using the Randomized Complete Block Design. Weekly documentation was carried out to record the incidence and severity of the disease. During the first and second crop growing seasons, it was observed that, Tarapuri (78%, 76.9%), CH 107 (67.8%, 63.7%), Talhari (65.7%, 56.8%), CH 109 (52.7%, 54.4%), CH 108 (50.8, 51.1), and GSL-111 (42.6%, 39.5%) genotypes showed susceptible response to ChiLCV. The two genotypes Hybrid-46 (17.7%, 18.5%) and Hot Queen (15.5%, 13.4%) exhibited a moderately resistant response and only one genotype CBS1292 (40.7%, 39.1%) showed a moderately susceptible response against ChiLCV. The results of the screening experiment indicated that a majority of chili varieties exhibit susceptibility to chili leaf curl disease and the most of the germplasm is deficient in terms of providing protection against the disease. In addition, another study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of five insecticides, namely Acephate 75 SP, Emamectin, Imidacloprid, Diafenthiuron, and a combination of these insecticides, in managing percent disease incidence, reducing whitefly population, and enhancing crop yield. Among the various insecticides evaluated, Diafenthiuron exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing disease incidence (7.70%, 6.66%), reducing white fly population (1.80, 1.56), and increasing the yield of green fruit (120.71, 132.52q/ha) followed by combination of all of these inecticides, Imidacloprid, Emamectin, and Acephate during both crop growing seasons. This approach has proved a high level of safety and ecological compatibility, and it appeared to be a practical disease management tool.
巴基斯坦的辣椒生产目前正面临辣椒卷叶病毒(ChiLCV)的重大威胁。Faisalabad Ayub农业研究所在2019-2020年和2020-2021年作物生长季节进行了一项研究,以评估9种辣椒基因型对ChiLCV的易感性和抗性。每个基因型采用随机完全区设计重复3次。每周进行文献记录,记录疾病的发病率和严重程度。在第一和第二季,塔拉普里(78%,76.9%)、CH 107(67.8%, 63.7%)、塔拉哈里(65.7%,56.8%)、CH 109(52.7%, 54.4%)、CH 108(50.8%, 51.1)和GSL-111(42.6%, 39.5%)基因型对ChiLCV有敏感反应。Hybrid-46基因型(17.7%,18.5%)和Hot Queen基因型(15.5%,13.4%)对ChiLCV表现出中度耐药反应,CBS1292基因型(40.7%,39.1%)对ChiLCV表现出中度敏感反应。筛选结果表明,大部分辣椒品种对辣椒卷曲病表现出易感,大部分种质对卷曲病的保护作用不足。此外,还进行了另一项研究,以评估五种杀虫剂,即乙酰甲胺磷75 SP、埃马菌素、吡虫啉、噻虫隆及其混合使用在控制疾病发病率、减少白蝇种群和提高作物产量方面的有效性。在不同的杀虫剂中,吡虫啉、埃马菌素和乙酰甲磷在两个作物生长季节配用的降病效果最好,分别为7.70%、6.66%、1.80、1.56只,青果产量分别为120.71、132.52q/ha。该方法已被证明具有高度的安全性和生态兼容性,似乎是一种实用的疾病管理工具。
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引用次数: 1
Unraveling Seed Dormancy and Host Specificity of Alectra Vogelii in Malawi 马拉维Alectra Vogelii种子休眠和寄主特异性的揭示
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.02.4663
Christopher Kalima Phiri, Vernon H. Kabambe, James Bokosi
Parasitic angiosperm Alectra vogelii Benth is a growing problem in Malawi, particularly with the current emphasis on legume crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi to evaluate the effects of site, A. vogelii dormancy-breaking period on Mkanakaufiti and IT82E-16 cowpea varieties. Varieties of cowpea were grown in A. vogelii-infested pots sourced from three agroecological zones and subjected to varied dormancy-breaking periods. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times. The study revealed that dormancy breaking had impacts depending on the A. vogelii source. However, the Alectra source affected the A. vogelii shoot counts and cowpea grain weight. Neno-Manyenye collections had a higher incidence without induced dormancy breaking periods while Lilongwe-Kamowa, and Salima-Matumba collections had a high incidence after the dormancy-breaking period. Late infestation (at 119 to 149 days after planting) on resistant Mkanakaufiti cowpea variety by A. vogelii collections used indicated apparent strain variability of collections used. The results confirmed the delayed resistance mechanism of Mkanakaufiti against A. vogelii. Nevertheless, the variety reactions on the parasitic weed depends on suitability, compatibility, and specificity, although some resistant genotypes tend to lose the resistance mechanism with time. A. vogelii seeds organic carbon % varied (4.87±1.73 to 9.13±0.95) from the three agroecological zones which signified the collections’ variability due to warmer temperatures, relative humidity, and crop husbandry practices under long-term conditions. Therefore, screening efforts for resistance or evaluation of agronomic options to suppress the weed should be intensified.
在马拉维,寄生被子植物Alectra vogelii Benth是一个日益严重的问题,特别是目前对豆科作物的重视。为此,在马拉维的利隆圭进行了盆栽试验,研究了不同地点、不同时间的灭休眠对Mkanakaufiti和IT82E-16豇豆品种的影响。豇豆品种生长在来自三个农业生态区的有豇豆寄生的盆栽中,并接受不同的休眠打破期。实验采用随机完全区组设计,重复4次。研究表明,休眠打破有不同来源的影响。而Alectra源对豇豆苗数和粒重有显著影响。Neno-Manyenye在未诱导破眠期前的发病率较高,而Lilongwe-Kamowa和Salima-Matumba在破眠期后的发病率较高。在种植后119 ~ 149天,对抗性豇豆品种的侵染表明,所使用的豇豆品种存在明显的品系变异。研究结果证实了Mkanakaufiti对沃氏弧菌的延迟抗性机制。然而,品种对寄生杂草的反应取决于适宜性、相容性和特异性,尽管一些抗性基因型随着时间的推移会失去抗性机制。3个农业生态区种子有机碳%的变化幅度为4.87±1.73 ~ 9.13±0.95,说明在长期条件下,由于较高的温度、相对湿度和作物耕作方式的影响,种子有机碳含量发生了变化。因此,应加强抗性筛选工作或评估抑制杂草的农艺选择。
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引用次数: 0
Particle drift potential of mesotrione and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl tank mixture in a low-speed wind tunnel 中三酮和瑞姆磺隆加噻芬磺隆-甲基罐混合物在低速风洞中的粒子漂移势
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.17221/39/2023-pps
M. Brankov, G. S. Alves, Bruno Canella Vieira, Miloš Zarić, G. Kruger
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引用次数: 0
Molecular study of turnip mosaic virus population in the Czech Republic 捷克萝卜花叶病毒种群的分子研究
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.17221/34/2023-pps
D. Šafářová, Ľ. Majeský, M. Navrátil
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引用次数: 0
Culture of Steinernema glaseri on three solid media and their virulence against Galleria mellonella larvae 光滑Steinerma glaseri在三种固体培养基上的培养及其对意大利圆线虫幼虫的毒力
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.17221/1/2023-pps
C. I. Cortés-Martínez, A. Rodríguez-Hernández, Ma. del Rocío López-Cuellar, N. Chavarría‐Hernández, Rodolfo De los Santos Romero
{"title":"Culture of Steinernema glaseri on three solid media and their virulence against Galleria mellonella larvae","authors":"C. I. Cortés-Martínez, A. Rodríguez-Hernández, Ma. del Rocío López-Cuellar, N. Chavarría‐Hernández, Rodolfo De los Santos Romero","doi":"10.17221/1/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/1/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verification of a machine learning model for weed detection in maize (Zea mays) using infrared imaging 利用红外成像验证玉米杂草检测的机器学习模型
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.17221/131/2022-pps
Adam Hruška, P. Hamouz
{"title":"Verification of a machine learning model for weed detection in maize (Zea mays) using infrared imaging","authors":"Adam Hruška, P. Hamouz","doi":"10.17221/131/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/131/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45504127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Progression of wheat Tan spot under different bioclimatic stages and agricultural practices 小麦褐斑病在不同生物气候阶段和不同耕作方式下的演变
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.17221/103/2022-pps
Salma Tissaoui, Noura Omri-Benyoussef, H. Chaar, M. Hassine, J. Venisse, B. Nasraoui, A. Mougou-Hamdane
{"title":"Progression of wheat Tan spot under different bioclimatic stages and agricultural practices","authors":"Salma Tissaoui, Noura Omri-Benyoussef, H. Chaar, M. Hassine, J. Venisse, B. Nasraoui, A. Mougou-Hamdane","doi":"10.17221/103/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/103/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48930526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seasonal dynamics and abundance of brown marmorated stink bug (Halymorpha halys [Stål], Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) on 4 trap crops 褐纹臭虫(Halymorpha halys [stastal],半翅目,蝽科)在4种诱捕作物上的季节动态和丰度
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.17221/2/2023-pps
Luka Batistič, T. Bohinc, S. Trdan
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and abundance of brown marmorated stink bug (Halymorpha halys [Stål], Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) on 4 trap crops","authors":"Luka Batistič, T. Bohinc, S. Trdan","doi":"10.17221/2/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/2/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Plant protection science
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