Rabeet Ahsan Khan, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Irfan Ahmad, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Jalal Arif, Abuzar Husnain, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Mehtab, Waqas Ahmad
Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is a distinguished source of protein, fat, minerals (Iron, Calcium, and Potassium), fiber, carbohydrates, phosphorous, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Leaf blight of S. cumini, caused by Pestalotiopsis spp., poses a potential threat to the successful production of Jamun fruit. The appearance of small, round, dark, and sunken spots on the fruit diminishes its quality and results in yield losses of 10 to 20%. Fungicides and plant extracts were employed to address this fungal problem under laboratory and greenhouse conditions using a Completely Randomized Design whereas field trials were performed using a Randomized Complete Block Design. In vitro experiments revealed that among the fungicides, minimum fungal growth was observed with Score (12.5 mm), followed by Topsin M (16.89 mm), Fossil (18.37 mm), Excel (23.17 mm), Evito (27.56 mm), and Bloom (32.32 mm), as compared to the control (55.56 mm). Among the phytoextracts, Moringa extracts showed the least fungal growth (15.7 mm), followed by Neem (18.76 mm), Eucalyptus (19 mm), Garlic (22.72 mm), Ginger (27.57 mm), and Cinnamomum verum (Dar Cheni) (31 mm), in comparison to the control (53.17 mm). The most effective fungicides and plant extracts determined in the laboratory experiments were further evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions, both alone and in combinations. In the greenhouse evaluation, the combination of Moringa + Score exhibited the lowest disease incidence (23.63%), followed by Score (28.12%) and Moringa (29.56%), in contrast to the control (52.9%). Under field conditions, among all treatments, Moringa + Score exhibited the least disease incidence of 17.44%. These findings confirm that leaf blight of S. cumini can be managed by using Score fungicide and Moringa oleifera extract.
{"title":"Assessment of Phytoextracts and Synthetic Chemicals for Controlling Leaf Blight of Syzygium Cumini","authors":"Rabeet Ahsan Khan, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Irfan Ahmad, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Jalal Arif, Abuzar Husnain, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Mehtab, Waqas Ahmad","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4689","url":null,"abstract":"Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is a distinguished source of protein, fat, minerals (Iron, Calcium, and Potassium), fiber, carbohydrates, phosphorous, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Leaf blight of S. cumini, caused by Pestalotiopsis spp., poses a potential threat to the successful production of Jamun fruit. The appearance of small, round, dark, and sunken spots on the fruit diminishes its quality and results in yield losses of 10 to 20%. Fungicides and plant extracts were employed to address this fungal problem under laboratory and greenhouse conditions using a Completely Randomized Design whereas field trials were performed using a Randomized Complete Block Design. In vitro experiments revealed that among the fungicides, minimum fungal growth was observed with Score (12.5 mm), followed by Topsin M (16.89 mm), Fossil (18.37 mm), Excel (23.17 mm), Evito (27.56 mm), and Bloom (32.32 mm), as compared to the control (55.56 mm). Among the phytoextracts, Moringa extracts showed the least fungal growth (15.7 mm), followed by Neem (18.76 mm), Eucalyptus (19 mm), Garlic (22.72 mm), Ginger (27.57 mm), and Cinnamomum verum (Dar Cheni) (31 mm), in comparison to the control (53.17 mm). The most effective fungicides and plant extracts determined in the laboratory experiments were further evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions, both alone and in combinations. In the greenhouse evaluation, the combination of Moringa + Score exhibited the lowest disease incidence (23.63%), followed by Score (28.12%) and Moringa (29.56%), in contrast to the control (52.9%). Under field conditions, among all treatments, Moringa + Score exhibited the least disease incidence of 17.44%. These findings confirm that leaf blight of S. cumini can be managed by using Score fungicide and Moringa oleifera extract.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Ahmad, Huma Abbas, Tamsal Murtaza, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Anasr Ali, Khizra Zahid, Zunaira Tahir, Tahir Mahmood, Amer Habib
In peaches, post-harvest losses occur due to injury during mishandling, storage, processing, and transportation, especially caused by pathogen infections that result in the reduction of quantity, quality, and market value of agricultural commodities. Numerous postharvest pathogens attack peaches, especially Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mold disease, resulting in losses of about $10 billion globally. The current paper reports the results of a study that investigated the occurrence of different fungi and the effect of different essential oils on mold growth in five peach cultivars. The study found that Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, and A. niger had different preferences and distributions among the cultivars. The study also found that Florida King 6-A was resistant to B. cinerea, while Early Gold was highly susceptible. The study also found that cinnamon oil was the most effective essential oil in controlling mold growth in Florida King 6-A, while sesame oil was the least effective in Early Grand. The study also found that clove bud oil at 100% concentration had the highest antifungal potency among the tested essential oils and that different concentrations of essential oils were required for different cultivars. These findings highlight the varying levels of susceptibility among peach cultivars to fungal pathogens and the varying degrees of effectiveness associated with different essential oils in mitigating fungal growth. Such insights are invaluable for agricultural practices aiming to protect peach crops from fungal infections and optimize yield.
{"title":"Assessment of Responses of Peach Cultivars to Postharvest Pathogen Botrytis Cinerea and its Mitigation using Plant Essential Oils","authors":"Zahra Ahmad, Huma Abbas, Tamsal Murtaza, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Anasr Ali, Khizra Zahid, Zunaira Tahir, Tahir Mahmood, Amer Habib","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4639","url":null,"abstract":"In peaches, post-harvest losses occur due to injury during mishandling, storage, processing, and transportation, especially caused by pathogen infections that result in the reduction of quantity, quality, and market value of agricultural commodities. Numerous postharvest pathogens attack peaches, especially Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mold disease, resulting in losses of about $10 billion globally. The current paper reports the results of a study that investigated the occurrence of different fungi and the effect of different essential oils on mold growth in five peach cultivars. The study found that Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, and A. niger had different preferences and distributions among the cultivars. The study also found that Florida King 6-A was resistant to B. cinerea, while Early Gold was highly susceptible. The study also found that cinnamon oil was the most effective essential oil in controlling mold growth in Florida King 6-A, while sesame oil was the least effective in Early Grand. The study also found that clove bud oil at 100% concentration had the highest antifungal potency among the tested essential oils and that different concentrations of essential oils were required for different cultivars. These findings highlight the varying levels of susceptibility among peach cultivars to fungal pathogens and the varying degrees of effectiveness associated with different essential oils in mitigating fungal growth. Such insights are invaluable for agricultural practices aiming to protect peach crops from fungal infections and optimize yield.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azher Mustafa, Saima Naseer, Salman Ahmad, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Azhar Abbas Khan, Zeshan Hassan, Ch. Muhammad Shahis Hanif, Saba Saeed, Javed Anwar Shah, Yasir Ali
The production of chili in Pakistan is currently facing a significant threat from Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). A study was conducted in the crop growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad to assess the susceptibility and resistance of nine chili genotypes to ChiLCV. Each genotype was replicated three times by using the Randomized Complete Block Design. Weekly documentation was carried out to record the incidence and severity of the disease. During the first and second crop growing seasons, it was observed that, Tarapuri (78%, 76.9%), CH 107 (67.8%, 63.7%), Talhari (65.7%, 56.8%), CH 109 (52.7%, 54.4%), CH 108 (50.8, 51.1), and GSL-111 (42.6%, 39.5%) genotypes showed susceptible response to ChiLCV. The two genotypes Hybrid-46 (17.7%, 18.5%) and Hot Queen (15.5%, 13.4%) exhibited a moderately resistant response and only one genotype CBS1292 (40.7%, 39.1%) showed a moderately susceptible response against ChiLCV. The results of the screening experiment indicated that a majority of chili varieties exhibit susceptibility to chili leaf curl disease and the most of the germplasm is deficient in terms of providing protection against the disease. In addition, another study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of five insecticides, namely Acephate 75 SP, Emamectin, Imidacloprid, Diafenthiuron, and a combination of these insecticides, in managing percent disease incidence, reducing whitefly population, and enhancing crop yield. Among the various insecticides evaluated, Diafenthiuron exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing disease incidence (7.70%, 6.66%), reducing white fly population (1.80, 1.56), and increasing the yield of green fruit (120.71, 132.52q/ha) followed by combination of all of these inecticides, Imidacloprid, Emamectin, and Acephate during both crop growing seasons. This approach has proved a high level of safety and ecological compatibility, and it appeared to be a practical disease management tool.
{"title":"Assessing the Resistance of Different Chili Genotypes to Chili Leaf Curl Virus (Chilcv) and Evaluating Insecticides for Controlling its Vector, Bemisia Tabaci","authors":"Azher Mustafa, Saima Naseer, Salman Ahmad, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Azhar Abbas Khan, Zeshan Hassan, Ch. Muhammad Shahis Hanif, Saba Saeed, Javed Anwar Shah, Yasir Ali","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4661","url":null,"abstract":"The production of chili in Pakistan is currently facing a significant threat from Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). A study was conducted in the crop growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad to assess the susceptibility and resistance of nine chili genotypes to ChiLCV. Each genotype was replicated three times by using the Randomized Complete Block Design. Weekly documentation was carried out to record the incidence and severity of the disease. During the first and second crop growing seasons, it was observed that, Tarapuri (78%, 76.9%), CH 107 (67.8%, 63.7%), Talhari (65.7%, 56.8%), CH 109 (52.7%, 54.4%), CH 108 (50.8, 51.1), and GSL-111 (42.6%, 39.5%) genotypes showed susceptible response to ChiLCV. The two genotypes Hybrid-46 (17.7%, 18.5%) and Hot Queen (15.5%, 13.4%) exhibited a moderately resistant response and only one genotype CBS1292 (40.7%, 39.1%) showed a moderately susceptible response against ChiLCV. The results of the screening experiment indicated that a majority of chili varieties exhibit susceptibility to chili leaf curl disease and the most of the germplasm is deficient in terms of providing protection against the disease. In addition, another study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of five insecticides, namely Acephate 75 SP, Emamectin, Imidacloprid, Diafenthiuron, and a combination of these insecticides, in managing percent disease incidence, reducing whitefly population, and enhancing crop yield. Among the various insecticides evaluated, Diafenthiuron exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing disease incidence (7.70%, 6.66%), reducing white fly population (1.80, 1.56), and increasing the yield of green fruit (120.71, 132.52q/ha) followed by combination of all of these inecticides, Imidacloprid, Emamectin, and Acephate during both crop growing seasons. This approach has proved a high level of safety and ecological compatibility, and it appeared to be a practical disease management tool.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Kalima Phiri, Vernon H. Kabambe, James Bokosi
Parasitic angiosperm Alectra vogelii Benth is a growing problem in Malawi, particularly with the current emphasis on legume crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi to evaluate the effects of site, A. vogelii dormancy-breaking period on Mkanakaufiti and IT82E-16 cowpea varieties. Varieties of cowpea were grown in A. vogelii-infested pots sourced from three agroecological zones and subjected to varied dormancy-breaking periods. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times. The study revealed that dormancy breaking had impacts depending on the A. vogelii source. However, the Alectra source affected the A. vogelii shoot counts and cowpea grain weight. Neno-Manyenye collections had a higher incidence without induced dormancy breaking periods while Lilongwe-Kamowa, and Salima-Matumba collections had a high incidence after the dormancy-breaking period. Late infestation (at 119 to 149 days after planting) on resistant Mkanakaufiti cowpea variety by A. vogelii collections used indicated apparent strain variability of collections used. The results confirmed the delayed resistance mechanism of Mkanakaufiti against A. vogelii. Nevertheless, the variety reactions on the parasitic weed depends on suitability, compatibility, and specificity, although some resistant genotypes tend to lose the resistance mechanism with time. A. vogelii seeds organic carbon % varied (4.87±1.73 to 9.13±0.95) from the three agroecological zones which signified the collections’ variability due to warmer temperatures, relative humidity, and crop husbandry practices under long-term conditions. Therefore, screening efforts for resistance or evaluation of agronomic options to suppress the weed should be intensified.
{"title":"Unraveling Seed Dormancy and Host Specificity of Alectra Vogelii in Malawi","authors":"Christopher Kalima Phiri, Vernon H. Kabambe, James Bokosi","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4663","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic angiosperm Alectra vogelii Benth is a growing problem in Malawi, particularly with the current emphasis on legume crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi to evaluate the effects of site, A. vogelii dormancy-breaking period on Mkanakaufiti and IT82E-16 cowpea varieties. Varieties of cowpea were grown in A. vogelii-infested pots sourced from three agroecological zones and subjected to varied dormancy-breaking periods. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times. The study revealed that dormancy breaking had impacts depending on the A. vogelii source. However, the Alectra source affected the A. vogelii shoot counts and cowpea grain weight. Neno-Manyenye collections had a higher incidence without induced dormancy breaking periods while Lilongwe-Kamowa, and Salima-Matumba collections had a high incidence after the dormancy-breaking period. Late infestation (at 119 to 149 days after planting) on resistant Mkanakaufiti cowpea variety by A. vogelii collections used indicated apparent strain variability of collections used. The results confirmed the delayed resistance mechanism of Mkanakaufiti against A. vogelii. Nevertheless, the variety reactions on the parasitic weed depends on suitability, compatibility, and specificity, although some resistant genotypes tend to lose the resistance mechanism with time. A. vogelii seeds organic carbon % varied (4.87±1.73 to 9.13±0.95) from the three agroecological zones which signified the collections’ variability due to warmer temperatures, relative humidity, and crop husbandry practices under long-term conditions. Therefore, screening efforts for resistance or evaluation of agronomic options to suppress the weed should be intensified.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brankov, G. S. Alves, Bruno Canella Vieira, Miloš Zarić, G. Kruger
{"title":"Particle drift potential of mesotrione and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl tank mixture in a low-speed wind tunnel","authors":"M. Brankov, G. S. Alves, Bruno Canella Vieira, Miloš Zarić, G. Kruger","doi":"10.17221/39/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45248615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular study of turnip mosaic virus population in the Czech Republic","authors":"D. Šafářová, Ľ. Majeský, M. Navrátil","doi":"10.17221/34/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/34/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. I. Cortés-Martínez, A. Rodríguez-Hernández, Ma. del Rocío López-Cuellar, N. Chavarría‐Hernández, Rodolfo De los Santos Romero
{"title":"Culture of Steinernema glaseri on three solid media and their virulence against Galleria mellonella larvae","authors":"C. I. Cortés-Martínez, A. Rodríguez-Hernández, Ma. del Rocío López-Cuellar, N. Chavarría‐Hernández, Rodolfo De los Santos Romero","doi":"10.17221/1/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/1/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verification of a machine learning model for weed detection in maize (Zea mays) using infrared imaging","authors":"Adam Hruška, P. Hamouz","doi":"10.17221/131/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/131/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45504127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma Tissaoui, Noura Omri-Benyoussef, H. Chaar, M. Hassine, J. Venisse, B. Nasraoui, A. Mougou-Hamdane
{"title":"Progression of wheat Tan spot under different bioclimatic stages and agricultural practices","authors":"Salma Tissaoui, Noura Omri-Benyoussef, H. Chaar, M. Hassine, J. Venisse, B. Nasraoui, A. Mougou-Hamdane","doi":"10.17221/103/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/103/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48930526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and abundance of brown marmorated stink bug (Halymorpha halys [Stål], Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) on 4 trap crops","authors":"Luka Batistič, T. Bohinc, S. Trdan","doi":"10.17221/2/2023-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/2/2023-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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