I. Pánková, V. Krejzar, Simona Buchtová, R. Krejzarová
{"title":"Comparison of the shoot and blossom susceptibility of European and Asian pear cultivars to fire blight across different conditions","authors":"I. Pánková, V. Krejzar, Simona Buchtová, R. Krejzarová","doi":"10.17221/55/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/55/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endophytic and rhizobacteria functionalities in alleviating drought stress in maize plants","authors":"V. Agunbiade, O. Babalola","doi":"10.17221/61/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/61/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46496734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolate was identified on cucumber and cowpea plants exhibiting mosaic, mottling and leaf distortion in local fields in the province of Baghdad. The virus was characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using coat protein (CP) gene specific primers. Comparison of the coat protein sequence revealed up to 98-99% nucleotide identity with known CMV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on coat protein gene sequence clustered the Iraqi CMV isolate with members of subgroup IB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV subgroup IB in Iraq.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Subgroup IB in Iraq","authors":"","doi":"10.33804/pp.007.02.4739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4739","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolate was identified on cucumber and cowpea plants exhibiting mosaic, mottling and leaf distortion in local fields in the province of Baghdad. The virus was characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using coat protein (CP) gene specific primers. Comparison of the coat protein sequence revealed up to 98-99% nucleotide identity with known CMV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on coat protein gene sequence clustered the Iraqi CMV isolate with members of subgroup IB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV subgroup IB in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Parveen, Sameena Mumtaz, Muhammad Shoaib, M. Mubeen, A. Abbas, Farazia Hassan
The present study was conducted to evaluate the soil’s suitability for the alfalfa crop in Nomal Valley, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), using a variety of physicochemical parameters and free-living soil nematodes as indicators. Ten soil samples from different sites (A1-A10) of the valley were collected in zip-lock plastic bags to test for free-living soil nematodes and physicochemical characteristics. Each sample’s free-living nematodes were extracted using the modified Baermann funnel method and counted using a compound microscope (at 40 and 100X). About 100 nematodes were identified from each sample to the family level. Based on feeding behavior, nematodes were divided into groups. Nematode population densities ranged from 102 to 507. The most prevalent feeding group members were bacterivores, while predators were the least common. Cephalobidae was the most frequently occurring family, which indicates soil’s fertility. Various physiochemical parameters, including soil temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture, bulk density, and texture, were also measured. The ranges for the selected soil parameters were as follows: pH 7.20-7.80, EC 68-252 mS/m, bulk density 0.91-1.37g/cm2, and soil temperature 22-30 ℃. All sites had slit loam soil texture except A-5, which had sandy loam.
{"title":"Population Density of Free-Living Nematodes and their Relationships with Some Soil Physicochemical Properties of Alfalfa","authors":"N. Parveen, Sameena Mumtaz, Muhammad Shoaib, M. Mubeen, A. Abbas, Farazia Hassan","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4290","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate the soil’s suitability for the alfalfa crop in Nomal Valley, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), using a variety of physicochemical parameters and free-living soil nematodes as indicators. Ten soil samples from different sites (A1-A10) of the valley were collected in zip-lock plastic bags to test for free-living soil nematodes and physicochemical characteristics. Each sample’s free-living nematodes were extracted using the modified Baermann funnel method and counted using a compound microscope (at 40 and 100X). About 100 nematodes were identified from each sample to the family level. Based on feeding behavior, nematodes were divided into groups. Nematode population densities ranged from 102 to 507. The most prevalent feeding group members were bacterivores, while predators were the least common. Cephalobidae was the most frequently occurring family, which indicates soil’s fertility. Various physiochemical parameters, including soil temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture, bulk density, and texture, were also measured. The ranges for the selected soil parameters were as follows: pH 7.20-7.80, EC 68-252 mS/m, bulk density 0.91-1.37g/cm2, and soil temperature 22-30 ℃. All sites had slit loam soil texture except A-5, which had sandy loam.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78355953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenacoccus solenopsis appeared as a major pest in recent years and caused huge losses to cotton. Control of cotton mealybug is difficult because of the waxy covering on the body which prevents penetration of insecticides in nymph and adult stages. Present study was carried out under laboratory conditions to evaluate the synergistic effects of minerals oil (Diver®) on the toxicity of diafenthiuron, nitenpyram and thiacloprid against different instars of cotton mealybug. Diafenthiuron, nitenpyram and thiacloprid alone demonstrated mortality in the range of 10.3-46.0%, 13.3-50% and 10.30-46.70% in 1st instar, 8.00-42%, 10.30-44% and 6.60-42.3% in 2nd instar while 7-38%, 7.30-38% and 3.3-32% in adult female of P. solenopsis, respectively. Admixing of 500 ml of Diver® with diafenthiuron administered 65.2-332.7% and 114.6-602.8%; 78.0-428.8% and 128.6-750.0%; and 94.6-457.1% and 147.3-852.9% increase in mortality of 1st instar, 2nd instar and adult female stages of P. solenopsis, respectively. Similarly, fraternization of 1000 ml of Diver® with diafenthiuron administered 42.0-202.6% and 100.0-490.2%; 60.6-261.4% and 127.3-600.2% and 79.8-336.6% and 154.4-854.9% increase in mortality of 1st instar, 2nd instar and adult female stages of P. solenopsis respectively. However, thiacloprid, when admixed with 500 ml and 1000 ml of Diver®, explained 16.7-114.3% and 114.3-633.3%; 24.9-103.6% and 132.3-900.9%; and 0.0-303.9% and 191.7-1990.9% increase in mortality of 1st instar, 2nd instar and adult female stages of P. solenopsis, respectively. In conclusion, Diver® can be exploited as synergist for resistance management of insecticides against P. solenopsis.
{"title":"Combined Efficacy of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons with Neonicotenoids against Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under Controlled Conditions","authors":"M. Iqbal, Shahbaz Ahmad, M. Gogi","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4280","url":null,"abstract":"Phenacoccus solenopsis appeared as a major pest in recent years and caused huge losses to cotton. Control of cotton mealybug is difficult because of the waxy covering on the body which prevents penetration of insecticides in nymph and adult stages. Present study was carried out under laboratory conditions to evaluate the synergistic effects of minerals oil (Diver®) on the toxicity of diafenthiuron, nitenpyram and thiacloprid against different instars of cotton mealybug. Diafenthiuron, nitenpyram and thiacloprid alone demonstrated mortality in the range of 10.3-46.0%, 13.3-50% and 10.30-46.70% in 1st instar, 8.00-42%, 10.30-44% and 6.60-42.3% in 2nd instar while 7-38%, 7.30-38% and 3.3-32% in adult female of P. solenopsis, respectively. Admixing of 500 ml of Diver® with diafenthiuron administered 65.2-332.7% and 114.6-602.8%; 78.0-428.8% and 128.6-750.0%; and 94.6-457.1% and 147.3-852.9% increase in mortality of 1st instar, 2nd instar and adult female stages of P. solenopsis, respectively. Similarly, fraternization of 1000 ml of Diver® with diafenthiuron administered 42.0-202.6% and 100.0-490.2%; 60.6-261.4% and 127.3-600.2% and 79.8-336.6% and 154.4-854.9% increase in mortality of 1st instar, 2nd instar and adult female stages of P. solenopsis respectively. However, thiacloprid, when admixed with 500 ml and 1000 ml of Diver®, explained 16.7-114.3% and 114.3-633.3%; 24.9-103.6% and 132.3-900.9%; and 0.0-303.9% and 191.7-1990.9% increase in mortality of 1st instar, 2nd instar and adult female stages of P. solenopsis, respectively. In conclusion, Diver® can be exploited as synergist for resistance management of insecticides against P. solenopsis.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73066071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Ali, Javeed Asghar Tariq, M. Abro, G. H. Jatoi, Naeem Muhammad, I. Rauf, R. M. Memon
Rusts cause considerable qualitative and quantitative losses to the wheat crop. However, their severity and losses can be minimized through the deployment of resistant cultivars. Current investigations were made to conduct surveys for leaf rust in Sindh province to scrutinize wheat germplasm against the disease and to check the efficacy of potential fungicides in controlling leaf rust of wheat. Experiments were conducted under artificial conditions at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture, Tandojam. Cobb's scale was used for disease ratings. Among screened wheat lines, one was rated as resistant, two were found moderately resistant, six showed moderately resistant and moderately susceptible type reactions, and one line exhibited moderately susceptible reaction. Moreover, the correlation between severity ratings (area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and yield traits unveiled that there was a negative correlation between AUDPC and spike length, awn length, plants/sq.ft., and grain yield while a positive correlation for remaining traits. Among fungicides, Tilt and Bloom were found to be the most effective in controlling leaf rust. It is, therefore, recommended that the resistant genotypes should be used in future breeding programs to evolve resistant materials against leaf rusts of wheat and the most effective fungicides be used for the management of the disease to minimize yield losses.
{"title":"Evaluation of Incidence, Some Wheat Lines and Fungicides for their Performance against Leaf Rust of Wheat in Sindh Province of Pakistan","authors":"Sajjad Ali, Javeed Asghar Tariq, M. Abro, G. H. Jatoi, Naeem Muhammad, I. Rauf, R. M. Memon","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4347","url":null,"abstract":"Rusts cause considerable qualitative and quantitative losses to the wheat crop. However, their severity and losses can be minimized through the deployment of resistant cultivars. Current investigations were made to conduct surveys for leaf rust in Sindh province to scrutinize wheat germplasm against the disease and to check the efficacy of potential fungicides in controlling leaf rust of wheat. Experiments were conducted under artificial conditions at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture, Tandojam. Cobb's scale was used for disease ratings. Among screened wheat lines, one was rated as resistant, two were found moderately resistant, six showed moderately resistant and moderately susceptible type reactions, and one line exhibited moderately susceptible reaction. Moreover, the correlation between severity ratings (area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and yield traits unveiled that there was a negative correlation between AUDPC and spike length, awn length, plants/sq.ft., and grain yield while a positive correlation for remaining traits. Among fungicides, Tilt and Bloom were found to be the most effective in controlling leaf rust. It is, therefore, recommended that the resistant genotypes should be used in future breeding programs to evolve resistant materials against leaf rusts of wheat and the most effective fungicides be used for the management of the disease to minimize yield losses.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88181353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In efforts to record pathogenic fungal diversity on ornamental plants of Pakistan, infected leaves of Chlorophytum comosum plants were collected from commercial nursery in Lahore, Pakistan. Investigation of leafspot symptoms led to identification of an ascomycete fungus, Thielavia terrestris. Analysis for fungal identification involved morphological, microscopic and molecular methods. ITS-nrDNA sequence data were used to construct molecular phylogenetic tree of Thielavia with allied species. The fungus was confirmed as T. terrestris. This is the first report of T. terrestris causing disease in C. comosum and it is also a new record for Pakistan.
{"title":"First Report of Leaf Spot of Chlorophytum comosum caused by Thielavia terrestris from Pakistan","authors":"Khadija Ashraf, M. Nawaz, N. Yousaf, N. Afshan","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4313","url":null,"abstract":"In efforts to record pathogenic fungal diversity on ornamental plants of Pakistan, infected leaves of Chlorophytum comosum plants were collected from commercial nursery in Lahore, Pakistan. Investigation of leafspot symptoms led to identification of an ascomycete fungus, Thielavia terrestris. Analysis for fungal identification involved morphological, microscopic and molecular methods. ITS-nrDNA sequence data were used to construct molecular phylogenetic tree of Thielavia with allied species. The fungus was confirmed as T. terrestris. This is the first report of T. terrestris causing disease in C. comosum and it is also a new record for Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81789084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Afzal, Sairah Syed, M. Saeed, Rabia Sultan, M. Kanwal, Moazan Shahid, M. Zahid, Basharat Mahmood
Three rusts are destructive, diminishing produce and nutritious value significantly, affect food availability and consequently food security through reductions in yield. In agricultural research institutes with mandate of wheat improvement, incorporating genes resistant against rust is matter of routine. The dilemma of rusts in wheat has been addressed the most, leading to discovery of principles of plant breeding for resistance e.g. gene disease genes inherit following Mendelian genetics, concept of genetic diversity and concept of gene for gene theory. Two strategies of breeding wheat for disease resistance are being followed. 1- Conventional and 2- Advanced. Among conventional approaches selection and hybridization are well known. However rust resistance has been found short lived and may also be durable in certain cases. Durability of disease resistance is desired and has been explored widely. Durability of resistance is generally attained through incorporation of genes effective at adult plant stage and combination of quantitative genes. Application of biotechnology to improve productivity of rust resistance breeding is the usage of molecular markers in pyramiding genes and substantiates the existence of genes in, and confirming released cultivars are pure. This involves molecular markers that are precise and pertinent across extensive ranges of breeders’ germplasm. This review article encompasses all features of wheat development through application of different techniques of wheat improvement. However, despite development of novel approaches that has accelerated wheat breeding, breeding in pathogen leading to producing more virulent strains. Consequently, wheat breeding is a continuous process.
{"title":"Breeding Wheat for Rust Resistance: Conventional and Modern Approaches","authors":"Amir Afzal, Sairah Syed, M. Saeed, Rabia Sultan, M. Kanwal, Moazan Shahid, M. Zahid, Basharat Mahmood","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4388","url":null,"abstract":"Three rusts are destructive, diminishing produce and nutritious value significantly, affect food availability and consequently food security through reductions in yield. In agricultural research institutes with mandate of wheat improvement, incorporating genes resistant against rust is matter of routine. The dilemma of rusts in wheat has been addressed the most, leading to discovery of principles of plant breeding for resistance e.g. gene disease genes inherit following Mendelian genetics, concept of genetic diversity and concept of gene for gene theory. Two strategies of breeding wheat for disease resistance are being followed. 1- Conventional and 2- Advanced. Among conventional approaches selection and hybridization are well known. However rust resistance has been found short lived and may also be durable in certain cases. Durability of disease resistance is desired and has been explored widely. Durability of resistance is generally attained through incorporation of genes effective at adult plant stage and combination of quantitative genes. Application of biotechnology to improve productivity of rust resistance breeding is the usage of molecular markers in pyramiding genes and substantiates the existence of genes in, and confirming released cultivars are pure. This involves molecular markers that are precise and pertinent across extensive ranges of breeders’ germplasm. This review article encompasses all features of wheat development through application of different techniques of wheat improvement. However, despite development of novel approaches that has accelerated wheat breeding, breeding in pathogen leading to producing more virulent strains. Consequently, wheat breeding is a continuous process.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89528076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khurshid, M. A. Mehmood, M. Ashfaq, M. M. Ahmed, Nadeem Ahmed, M. Ishtiaq, A. Hameed, Areeba Rauf
Cotton is a cash crop of many countries as it serves as a source of fiber, edible oil, and seedcake. It is grown in a diverse range of environment. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram positive bacterium found in different habitats but mostly found in soil. This bacterium produces endotoxin which is harmful for various insects. Numerous crystal-forming strains of Bt exist in nature, but not all of them are efficient against insect pests. Bt cotton is prevalent internationally because of less insect attack. The key objective of this research was to analyze different Bacillus thuringiensis isolates residing in soil of different cotton fields of Multan and Bahawalpur districts and to identify them on the basis of morphology. To attain this, different soil samples were collected from Multan (Gup wala, Mosey Wala, Taloki Wala, Hafiz Wala, Choudary Wala, Basti Mangla Mari, Sharkha Wala, Lawain Wala, Ghulamo Wala) and Bahawalpur district (Basti Deewan Wali, Check No 8, Basti Tariqabad, Basti Khaji Wala, Basti Khandin, Basti Rammo Wali, Sultanpur, Khurampur, Jahanpur). About 178 colonies of different bacteria from eighteen soil samples appeared on Nutrient Agar plates. The screening of colonies based on morphology yielded 18 colonies of Bt. We performed endo-toxin production experiment and confirmed the presence of parasporal crystals in identified B. thuringiensis colonies. Colony forming units of soil samples collected from Multan and Bahawalpur represented statistically significant results. Based on morphology, eight colonies of B. thuringiensis were confirmed out of eighteen colonies. Results of the current study revealed that out of 18 isolates, 8 bacterial isolates that were grown on the media had an increased elevation, a round, white, slimy morphology, and smooth edges. Toxicity test for resistance to cotton leaf worm second instar larvae revealed that two strains (BtS2, BtS7) of B. thuringiensis were toxic and showed 39.25% mortality. This study will help to identify the local Bt isolates that can be used for the indigenous insect pest control.
{"title":"Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis from Cotton Fields and its Effectiveness against Spodoptera litura","authors":"M. Khurshid, M. A. Mehmood, M. Ashfaq, M. M. Ahmed, Nadeem Ahmed, M. Ishtiaq, A. Hameed, Areeba Rauf","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4375","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is a cash crop of many countries as it serves as a source of fiber, edible oil, and seedcake. It is grown in a diverse range of environment. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram positive bacterium found in different habitats but mostly found in soil. This bacterium produces endotoxin which is harmful for various insects. Numerous crystal-forming strains of Bt exist in nature, but not all of them are efficient against insect pests. Bt cotton is prevalent internationally because of less insect attack. The key objective of this research was to analyze different Bacillus thuringiensis isolates residing in soil of different cotton fields of Multan and Bahawalpur districts and to identify them on the basis of morphology. To attain this, different soil samples were collected from Multan (Gup wala, Mosey Wala, Taloki Wala, Hafiz Wala, Choudary Wala, Basti Mangla Mari, Sharkha Wala, Lawain Wala, Ghulamo Wala) and Bahawalpur district (Basti Deewan Wali, Check No 8, Basti Tariqabad, Basti Khaji Wala, Basti Khandin, Basti Rammo Wali, Sultanpur, Khurampur, Jahanpur). About 178 colonies of different bacteria from eighteen soil samples appeared on Nutrient Agar plates. The screening of colonies based on morphology yielded 18 colonies of Bt. We performed endo-toxin production experiment and confirmed the presence of parasporal crystals in identified B. thuringiensis colonies. Colony forming units of soil samples collected from Multan and Bahawalpur represented statistically significant results. Based on morphology, eight colonies of B. thuringiensis were confirmed out of eighteen colonies. Results of the current study revealed that out of 18 isolates, 8 bacterial isolates that were grown on the media had an increased elevation, a round, white, slimy morphology, and smooth edges. Toxicity test for resistance to cotton leaf worm second instar larvae revealed that two strains (BtS2, BtS7) of B. thuringiensis were toxic and showed 39.25% mortality. This study will help to identify the local Bt isolates that can be used for the indigenous insect pest control.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85630556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Mushtaq, W. Anwar, Karamat Ali Zohaib, A. Akhter, Farman Ahmad
Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient both for plants and other living organisms. However, due to its fixation with soil collides; it becomes unavailable to plants and hence cannot enter the food chain. The effect of combination of mycorrhizae and different organic amendments on P uptake and plant growth of brinjal (Solanum melongena) was evaluated in a pot trial, conducted at wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Each treatment was composed of one type of organic amendment (i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), biogas slurry (BGS), poultry manure and compost) at the rate of 1.5% w/w and mycorrhizae. Results showed that the combined application of mycorrhizae and organic amendment improved plant growth and enhanced P uptake. Improved root length, shoot height and leaf canopy was observed in FYM+mycorrhizae and BGS+mycorrhizae combinations. Similarly, enhanced P uptake improved photosynthetic activity and high biomass was observed in BGS+mycorrhizae combinations. The use of mycorrhizae and organic amendments appeared to be efficient in improving P uptake up to 53.45% and plant growth 64.32%. It is concluded that practicing this in the field can be cost effective approach and reduce environmental risk by reducing application of chemical fertilizers.
{"title":"Interaction Between Mycorrhizae and Organic Amendments to Improve Growth and Phosphorus Uptake in Brinjal","authors":"Z. Mushtaq, W. Anwar, Karamat Ali Zohaib, A. Akhter, Farman Ahmad","doi":"10.33804/pp.006.03.4277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.03.4277","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient both for plants and other living organisms. However, due to its fixation with soil collides; it becomes unavailable to plants and hence cannot enter the food chain. The effect of combination of mycorrhizae and different organic amendments on P uptake and plant growth of brinjal (Solanum melongena) was evaluated in a pot trial, conducted at wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Each treatment was composed of one type of organic amendment (i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), biogas slurry (BGS), poultry manure and compost) at the rate of 1.5% w/w and mycorrhizae. Results showed that the combined application of mycorrhizae and organic amendment improved plant growth and enhanced P uptake. Improved root length, shoot height and leaf canopy was observed in FYM+mycorrhizae and BGS+mycorrhizae combinations. Similarly, enhanced P uptake improved photosynthetic activity and high biomass was observed in BGS+mycorrhizae combinations. The use of mycorrhizae and organic amendments appeared to be efficient in improving P uptake up to 53.45% and plant growth 64.32%. It is concluded that practicing this in the field can be cost effective approach and reduce environmental risk by reducing application of chemical fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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