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Diversity of Symplocos (Symplocaceae, Ericales) at low latitudes in Asia during late Oligocene and Miocene. 晚渐新世和中新世亚洲低纬度地区石菖蒲科植物的多样性。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-07 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.09.001
Sheng-Lan Xu, Tatiana Kodrul, Mikhail S Romanov, Alexey V F Ch Bobrov, Natalia Maslova, Shu-Feng Li, Qiong-Yao Fu, Wei-Ye Huang, Cheng Quan, Jian-Hua Jin, Lu-Liang Huang

•Three types of Symplocos from the late Oligocene and Miocene of Guangxi showcase the diversity of Symplocos during this time.•Earliest Asian megafossils of Symplocos are from the late Oligocene of Nanning Basin, Guangxi, China.•Fossils and modeling reveal Symplocos was quite diverse and has persisted at low latitudes within Asia since late Oligocene.•Climate probably plays a crucial role in driving the diversification of Symplocos in low latitudes of Asia.

•广西晚渐新世和中新世的三种分形体显示了这一时期分形体的多样性。•亚洲最早的Symplocos巨型化石来自中国广西南宁盆地晚渐新世。•化石和模型显示Symplocos相当多样化,并且自晚渐新世以来一直存在于亚洲的低纬度地区。•气候可能在推动亚洲低纬度地区Symplocos的多样化方面起着至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot for ferns: Updated phylogeny, hidden diversity, and biogeography of the java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae). 印度-缅甸蕨类生物多样性热点:爪哇蕨属Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae)的系统发育、隐藏多样性和生物地理学研究进展。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.08.005
Liang Zhang, Zhen-Long Liang, Xue-Ping Fan, Ngan Thi Lu, Xin-Mao Zhou, Hong-Jin Wei, Li-Bing Zhang

The Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot is renowned for its rich biodiversity, including that of vascular plants. However, the fern diversity and its endemism in this hotspot have not been well understood and so far, the diversity of very few groups of ferns in this region has been explored using combined molecular and morphological approaches. Here, we updated the plastid phylogeny of the Java fern genus Leptochilus with 226 (115% increase of the latest sampling) samples across the distribution range, specifically those of three phylogenetically significant species, Leptochilus ovatus, L. pedunculatus, and L. pothifolius. We also reconstructed the first nuclear phylogeny of the genus based on pgiC gene data. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we identified three new major clades and six new subclades, redefined three existing species, discovered a number of cryptic species of the genus, and elucidated the evolution of the three most variable characters. Our divergence time analyses and ancestral area reconstruction showed that Leptochilus originated in the Oligocene and diversified from early Miocene and 15 dispersal events from lower to higher latitudes are identified. The evolution of three most important morphological characters is analyzed in a context of the new phylogeny. Our analysis showed that 30 (59% of total 51) species of Leptochilus occur in Indo-Burma hotspot, 24 (80% of the 30 species) of which are endemic to this hotspot. We argue that the Indo-Burma hotspot should be recognized as a diversity hotspot for ferns.

印缅生物多样性热点地区以其丰富的生物多样性而闻名,其中包括维管植物。然而,人们对这一热点地区的蕨类植物多样性及其特有性还不甚了解,迄今为止,只有极少数蕨类植物类群的多样性是通过分子和形态学相结合的方法进行研究的。在此,我们更新了爪哇蕨属 Leptochilus 的质粒系统发育,在整个分布范围内采集了 226 个样本(比最新采样增加了 115%),特别是三个具有重要系统发育意义的物种 Leptochilus ovatus、L. pedunculatus 和 L. pothifolius 的样本。我们还根据 pgiC 基因数据首次重建了该属的核系统发育。基于分子和形态学证据,我们确定了三个新的主要支系和六个新的亚支系,重新定义了三个现有种,发现了该属的一些隐生种,并阐明了三个最易变特征的演化过程。我们的分化时间分析和祖先区域重建表明,Leptochilus起源于渐新世,从中新世早期开始分化,并确定了15次从低纬度向高纬度的扩散事件。在新系统发生的背景下,分析了三个最重要的形态特征的演变。我们的分析表明,有 30 种(占总数 51 种的 59%)Leptochilus 出现在印缅热点地区,其中 24 种(占 30 种的 80%)是该热点地区的特有种。我们认为,印缅热点地区应被视为蕨类植物的多样性热点地区。
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引用次数: 0
Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus are more sensitive to environmental factors in dicots than in monocots, globally. 在全球范围内,双子叶比单子叶对环境因子更敏感。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-05 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.08.002
Miao Liu, Tiancai Zhou, Quansheng Fu

Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels provide critical strategies for plant adaptions to changing environments. However, it is unclear whether leaf N and P levels of different plant functional groups (e.g., monocots and dicots) respond to environmental gradients in a generalizable pattern. Here, we used a global database of leaf N and P to determine whether monocots and dicots might have evolved contrasting strategies to balance N and P in response to changes in climate and soil nutrient availability. Specifically, we characterized global patterns of leaf N, P and N/P ratio in monocots and dicots, and explored the sensitivity of stoichiometry to environment factors in these plants. Our results indicate that leaf N and P levels responded to environmental factors differently in monocots than in dicots. In dicots, variations of leaf N, P and N/P ratio were significantly correlated to temperature and precipitation. In monocots, leaf N/P ratio was not significantly affected by temperature or precipitation. This indicates that leaf N, P and N/P ratio are less sensitive to environmental dynamics in monocots. We also found that in both monocots and dicots N/P ratios are associated with the availability of soil total P rather than soil total N, indicating that P limitation on plant growth is pervasive globally. In addition, there were significant phylogenetic signals for leaf N (λ = 0.65), P (λ = 0.57) and N/P ratio (λ = 0.46) in dicots, however, only significant phylogenetic signals for leaf P in monocots. Taken together, our findings indicate that monocots exhibit a "conservative" strategy (high stoichiometric homeostasis and weak phylogenetic signals in stoichiometry) to maintain their growth in stressful conditions with lower water and soil nutrients. In contrast, dicots exhibit lower stoichiometric homeostasis in changing environments because of their wide climate-soil niches and significant phylogenetic signals in stoichiometry.

叶片氮(N)和磷(P)水平是植物适应环境变化的关键策略。然而,目前还不清楚不同植物功能群(如单子叶植物和双子叶植物)的叶片氮和磷水平是否以一种普遍的模式对环境梯度做出反应。在这里,我们利用叶片氮和磷的全球数据库来确定单子叶植物和双子叶植物是否可能进化出不同的策略来平衡氮和磷,以应对气候和土壤养分供应的变化。具体来说,我们描述了单子叶植物和双子叶植物叶片氮、磷和氮磷比的全球模式,并探讨了这些植物的化学计量对环境因素的敏感性。我们的研究结果表明,单子叶植物的叶片氮和磷水平对环境因素的反应与双子叶植物不同。在双子叶植物中,叶片氮、磷和氮磷比的变化与温度和降水量有显著的相关性。在单子叶植物中,叶片氮磷比受温度和降水的影响不明显。这表明单子叶植物的叶片氮、磷和氮磷比对环境动态的敏感性较低。我们还发现,在单子叶植物和双子叶植物中,N/P 比与土壤总磷的可用性而不是土壤总氮的可用性有关,这表明全球范围内植物生长普遍受到磷的限制。此外,在双子叶植物中,叶片氮(λ = 0.65)、磷(λ = 0.57)和氮磷比(λ = 0.46)存在显著的系统发育信号,但在单子叶植物中,只有叶片磷存在显著的系统发育信号。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,单子叶植物表现出一种 "保守 "策略(较高的化学计量平衡和化学计量方面较弱的系统发生学信号),以维持其在水分和土壤养分较低的胁迫条件下的生长。与此相反,双子叶植物在不断变化的环境中表现出较低的化学计量平衡,因为它们具有广泛的气候-土壤壁龛,而且在化学计量方面具有显著的系统发生学信号。
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引用次数: 0
Skmer approach improves species discrimination in taxonomically problematic genus Schima (Theaceae). Skmer方法改善了木荷属(山茶科)的物种鉴别。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-21 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.06.003
Han-Ning Duan, Yin-Zi Jiang, Jun-Bo Yang, Jie Cai, Jian-Li Zhao, Lu Li, Xiang-Qin Yu

Genome skimming has dramatically extended DNA barcoding from short DNA fragments to next generation barcodes in plants. However, conserved DNA barcoding markers, including complete plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences, are inadequate for accurate species identification. Skmer, a recently proposed approach that estimates genetic distances among species based on unassembled genome skims, has been proposed to effectively improve species discrimination rate. In this study, we used Skmer to identify species based on genomic skims of 47 individuals representing 10 out of 13 species of Schima (Theaceae) from China. The unassembled reads identified six species, with a species identification rate of 60%, twice as high as previous efforts that used plastid genomes (27.27%). In addition, Skmer was able to identify Schima species with only 0.5× sequencing depth, as six species were well-supported with unassembled data sizes as small as 0.5 Gb. These findings demonstrate the potential for Skmer approach in species identification, where nuclear genomic data plays a crucial role. For taxonomically difficult taxa such as Schima, which have diverged recently and have low levels of genetic variation, Skmer is a promising alternative to next generation barcodes.

基因组略读极大地扩展了DNA条形码从短DNA片段到下一代植物的条形码。然而,保守的DNA条形码标记,包括完整的质体基因组和核糖体DNA (nrDNA)序列,不足以准确识别物种。Skmer是最近提出的一种基于未组装的基因组图谱估计物种间遗传距离的方法,它被认为可以有效地提高物种识别率。本研究利用Skmer对中国木荷属植物13种中的10种47个个体的基因组图谱进行了物种鉴定。未组装的reads鉴定了6个物种,物种识别率为60%,是之前使用质体基因组(27.27%)的两倍。此外,Skmer仅用0.5倍的测序深度就能鉴定出木荷属,因为6种木荷属的未组装数据量小至0.5 Gb,得到了很好的支持。这些发现证明了Skmer方法在物种鉴定中的潜力,其中核基因组数据起着至关重要的作用。对于分类困难的类群,如木荷,它们最近才分化,遗传变异水平低,Skmer是下一代条形码的一个有希望的替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Asia. 中亚普通核桃(Juglans regia)保护的种群遗传学见解。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-17 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.06.001
Linjiang Ye, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon, Hailing Qi, Hongyu Wu, Pengzhen Fan, Mohammad Nasir Shalizi, Safiullah Khurram, Mamadzhanov Davletbek, Yerlan Turuspekov, Jie Liu

The common walnut (Juglans regia) is one of the most economically important nut trees cultivated worldwide. Despite its importance, no comprehensive evaluation of walnut tree population genetics has been undertaken across the range where it originated, Central Asia. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 1082 individuals from 46 populations across Central Asia. We found moderate genetic diversity of J. regia across Central Asia, with 46 populations clustered into three groups with a weak relationship between genetic and geographic distance. Our findings reveal that the western Himalaya might be the core region of common walnut genetic diversity in Central Asia and that, except for two populations in Gongliu Wild Walnut Valley, humans might have introduced walnut populations to Xinjiang, China. The observed distribution of the genetic landscape has probably been affected by historical climate fluctuation, breeding system, and prolonged anthropogenic activity. We propose the conservation of the core genetic diversity resources in the western Himalaya and pay special attention to populations from Gongliu in Xinjiang. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic variation throughout the distribution range of J. regia in Central Asia, which will provide a key prerequisite for evidence-based conservation and management.

普通核桃(Juglans regia)是全世界栽培的经济价值最高的坚果树种之一。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但在其原产地中亚地区,尚未对核桃树的种群遗传学进行过全面评估。在这项研究中,我们调查了中亚 46 个种群 1082 个个体的遗传多样性和种群结构。我们发现,中亚地区的雷公藤具有中等程度的遗传多样性,46 个种群分为三个组,遗传距离和地理距离之间的关系较弱。我们的研究结果表明,喜马拉雅山西部可能是中亚普通核桃遗传多样性的核心区域,除了巩留野核桃谷的两个种群外,人类可能将核桃种群引入了中国新疆。所观察到的遗传景观分布可能受到了历史气候波动、繁殖系统和长期人类活动的影响。我们建议保护喜马拉雅西部的核心遗传多样性资源,并特别关注新疆巩留的种群。这些发现加深了我们对整个中亚雷公藤分布区遗传变异的了解,为基于证据的保护和管理提供了重要前提。
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引用次数: 0
The mid-domain effect in flowering phenology. 花期的中域效应
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-25 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.05.005
Yanjun Du, Rongchen Zhang, Xinran Tang, Xinyang Wang, Lingfeng Mao, Guoke Chen, Jiangshan Lai, Keping Ma

The timing of flowering is an important driver of species distribution and community assembly patterns. However, we still have much to learn about the factors that shape flowering diversity (i.e., number of species flowering per period) in plant communities. One potential explanation of flowering diversity is the mid-domain effect, which states that geometric constraints on species ranges within a bounded domain (space or time) will yield a mid-domain peak in diversity regardless of ecological factors. Here, we determine whether the mid-domain effect explains peak flowering time (i.e., when most species of communities are flowering) across China. We used phenological data of 16,267 herbaceous and woody species from the provincial Flora in China and species distribution data from the Chinese Vascular Plant Distribution Database to determine relationships between the observed number of species flowering and the number of species flowering as predicted by the mid-domain effect model, as well as between three climatic variables (mean minimum monthly temperature, mean monthly precipitation, and mean monthly sunshine duration). We found that the mid-domain effect explained a significant proportion of the temporal variation in flowering diversity across all species in China. Further, the mid-domain effect explained a greater proportion of variance in flowering diversity at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes. The patterns of flowering diversity for both herbaceous and woody species were related to both the mid-domain effect and environmental variables. Our findings indicate that including geometric constraints in conjunction with abiotic and biotic predictors will improve predictions of flowering diversity patterns.

开花时间是物种分布和群落组合模式的重要驱动因素。然而,对于植物群落中开花多样性(即每个时期开花的物种数量)的形成因素,我们还有很多东西要学习。开花多样性的一个潜在解释是中域效应,即在一个有界域(空间或时间)内,物种分布范围的几何限制将产生多样性的中域峰值,而与生态因素无关。在这里,我们要确定中域效应是否能解释中国各地的开花高峰期(即群落中大多数物种开花的时间)。我们利用《中国植物志》中 16,267 个草本和木本物种的物候数据以及中国维管束植物分布数据库中的物种分布数据,确定了观察到的开花物种数与中域效应模型预测的开花物种数之间的关系,以及三个气候变量(月平均最低气温、月平均降水量和月平均日照时间)之间的关系。我们发现,中域效应可以解释中国所有物种开花多样性的很大一部分时间变化。此外,中域效应对高纬度地区开花多样性变异的解释比例高于低纬度地区。草本和木本物种的开花多样性模式与中域效应和环境变量都有关系。我们的研究结果表明,将几何限制因素与非生物和生物预测因素结合起来,可以改善对开花多样性模式的预测。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Phlomoides (Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae) in China: Insights from molecular and morphological data. 中国Phlomoides(苎麻科苎麻亚科)的分子系统发育和分类:分子和形态学数据的启示
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-29 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.011
Yue Zhao, Ya-Ping Chen, Bryan T Drew, Fei Zhao, Maryam Almasi, Orzimat T Turginov, Jin-Fei Xiao, Abdul G Karimi, Yasaman Salmaki, Xiang-Qin Yu, Chun-Lei Xiang

Phlomoides, with 150-170 species, is the second largest and perhaps most taxonomically challenging genus within the subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae). With about 60 species, China is one of three major biodiversity centers of Phlomoides. Although some Phlomoides species from China have been included in previous molecular phylogenetic studies, a robust and broad phylogeny of this lineage has yet to be completed. Moreover, given the myriad new additions to the genus, the existing infrageneric classification needs to be evaluated and revised. Here, we combine molecular and morphological data to investigate relationships within Phlomoides, with a focus on Chinese species. We observed that plastid DNA sequences can resolve relationships within Phlomoides better than nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions (nrITS and nrETS). Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Phlomoides, but most previously defined infrageneric groups are not monophyletic. In addition, morphological analysis demonstrates the significant taxonomic value of eight characters to the genus. Based on our molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological data, we establish a novel section Notochaete within Phlomoides, and propose three new combinations as well as three new synonyms. This study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of Phlomoides in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included, and highlights the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of several morphological characters from species of Phlomoides from China. Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision and reclassification for the entire genus is necessary in the future.

Phlomoides属有150-170种,是灯心草亚科(Lamiaceae)中第二大属,也可能是分类学上最具挑战性的属。中国约有 60 个种,是 Phlomoides 的三大生物多样性中心之一。虽然一些来自中国的 Phlomoides 物种已被纳入之前的分子系统学研究,但这一世系的强大而广泛的系统发生尚未完成。此外,考虑到该属的新成员众多,需要对现有的下属分类进行评估和修订。在本文中,我们结合分子和形态学数据研究了 Phlomoides 的内部关系,重点是中国物种。我们观察到,质体 DNA 序列比核核糖体内外转录间隔区(nrITS 和 nrETS)更能解析 Phlomoides 的内部关系。分子系统发育分析证实了Phlomoides的单系性,但之前定义的大多数下属群并非单系。此外,形态学分析表明,该属的八个特征具有重要的分类价值。基于分子系统学分析和形态学数据,我们在 Phlomoides 中建立了一个新的科 Notochaete,并提出了三个新的组合和三个新的异名。本研究首次对 Phlomoides 进行了分子系统学分析,其中包括了整个属的代表类群,并强调了来自中国 Phlomoides 物种的几个形态特征的系统学和分类学价值。我们的研究表明,未来有必要对整个属进行分类学修订和重新分类。
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引用次数: 0
Extremely thin but very robust: Surprising cryptogam trait combinations at the end of the leaf economics spectrum. 叶片极薄,但非常健壮:叶片经济性末端令人惊讶的隐花植物性状组合。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-26 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.009
Tana Wuyun, Lu Zhang, Tiina Tosens, Bin Liu, Kristiina Mark, José Ángel Morales-Sánchez, Jesamine Jöneva Rikisahedew, Vivian Kuusk, Ülo Niinemets

Leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes the fundamental trade-offs between leaf structural, chemical, and physiological investments. Generally, structurally robust thick leaves with high leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) exhibit lower photosynthetic capacity per dry mass (A mass). Paradoxically, "soft and thin-leaved" mosses and spikemosses have very low A mass, but due to minute-size foliage elements, their LMA and its components, leaf thickness (LT) and density (LD), have not been systematically estimated. Here, we characterized LES and associated traits in cryptogams in unprecedented details, covering five evolutionarily different lineages. We found that mosses and spikemosses had the lowest LMA and LT values ever measured for terrestrial plants. Across a broad range of species from different lineages, A mass and LD were negatively correlated. In contrast, A mass was only related to LMA when LMA was greater than 14 g cm- 2. In fact, low A mass reflected high LD and cell wall thickness in the studied cryptogams. We conclude that evolutionarily old plant lineages attained poorly differentiated, ultrathin mesophyll by increasing LD. Across plant lineages, LD, not LMA, is the trait that represents the trade-off between leaf robustness and physiology in the LES.

叶片经济光谱(LES)描述了叶片结构、化学和生理投资之间的基本权衡。一般来说,结构坚固的厚叶单位面积干重(LMA)较高,单位干重的光合能力(A 重)较低。矛盾的是,"柔弱薄叶 "苔藓和尖叶苔藓的单位干重很低,但由于叶片元素的微小尺寸,它们的单位干重及其组成部分--叶片厚度(LT)和密度(LD)--尚未得到系统的估算。在这里,我们对隐花植物的 LES 及其相关性状进行了前所未有的详细描述,涵盖了五个进化上不同的品系。我们发现,苔藓和尖叶苔藓的 LMA 和 LT 值是陆生植物中最低的。在不同品系的众多物种中,A质量和LD呈负相关。事实上,在所研究的隐花植物中,低 A 质量反映了高 LD 和细胞壁厚度。我们的结论是,进化过程中的古老植物种系通过增加 LD 获得了分化程度低的超薄叶肉。在所有植物品系中,LD 而不是 LMA 是代表叶片坚固性和 LES 生理机能之间权衡的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Origin and evolution of a new tetraploid mangrove species in an intertidal zone. 潮间带四倍体红树林新物种的起源与进化。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-26 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.007
Hui Feng, Achyut Kumar Banerjee, Wuxia Guo, Yang Yuan, Fuyuan Duan, Wei Lun Ng, Xuming Zhao, Yuting Liu, Chunmei Li, Ying Liu, Linfeng Li, Yelin Huang

Polyploidy is a major factor in the evolution of plants, yet we know little about the origin and evolution of polyploidy in intertidal species. This study aimed to identify the evolutionary transitions in three true-mangrove species of the genus Acanthus distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region. For this purpose, we took an integrative approach that combined data on morphology, cytology, climatic niche, phylogeny, and biogeography of 493 samples from 42 geographic sites. Our results show that the Acanthus ilicifolius lineage distributed east of the Thai-Malay Peninsula possesses a tetraploid karyotype, which is morphologically distinct from that of the lineage on the west side. The haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees for the chloroplast genome and eight nuclear genes reveal that the tetraploid species has two sub-genomes, one each from A. ilicifolius and A . ebracteatus, the paternal and maternal parents, respectively. Population structure analysis also supports the hybrid speciation history of the new tetraploid species. The two sub-genomes of the tetraploid species diverged from their diploid progenitors during the Pleistocene. Environmental niche models revealed that the tetraploid species not only occupied the near-entire niche space of the diploids, but also expanded into novel environments. Our findings suggest that A. ilicifolius species distributed on the east side of the Thai-Malay Peninsula should be regarded as a new species, A. tetraploideus, which originated from hybridization between A. ilicifolius and A. ebracteatus, followed by chromosome doubling. This is the first report of a true-mangrove allopolyploid species that can reproduce sexually and clonally reproduction, which explains the long-term adaptive potential of the species.

多倍体是植物进化的一个重要因素,但我们对潮间带物种多倍体的起源和进化知之甚少。本研究旨在确定分布在印度-西太平洋地区的三个真红树属物种的进化转变。为此,我们采用了一种综合方法,结合了来自 42 个地理位置的 493 个样本的形态学、细胞学、气候生态位、系统发育和生物地理学数据。结果表明,分布在泰国-马来半岛以东的Acanthus ilicifolius品系具有四倍体核型,在形态上与西侧的品系截然不同。叶绿体基因组和八个核基因的单倍型网络和系统发生树显示,该四倍体物种有两个亚基因组,分别来自父本 A. ilicifolius 和母本 A. ebracteatus。种群结构分析也支持四倍体新物种的杂交分化历史。四倍体物种的两个亚基因组是在更新世期间从它们的二倍体祖先分化而来的。环境生态位模型显示,四倍体物种不仅占据了二倍体近乎完整的生态位空间,而且还扩展到了新的环境中。我们的研究结果表明,分布在泰国-马来半岛东侧的A. ilicifolius物种应被视为一个新物种,即A. tetraploideus,它起源于A. ilicifolius和A. ebracteatus的杂交,随后染色体加倍。这是首次报道能进行有性繁殖和克隆繁殖的真红树异源多倍体物种,这解释了该物种的长期适应潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Genetically- and environmentally-dependent processes drive interspecific and intraspecific divergence in the Chinese relict endemic genus Dipteronia. 遗传和环境依赖过程推动了中国孑遗特有种珙桐属的种间和种内分化。
IF 4.6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-26 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.008
Tao Zhou, Xiaodan Chen, Jordi López-Pujol, Guoqing Bai, Sonia Herrando-Moraira, Neus Nualart, Xiao Zhang, Yuemei Zhao, Guifang Zhao

China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Recent research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of central and south-western China allowed their persistence through the late Neogene climate fluctuations. One of these relict lineages is Dipteronia, an oligotypic tree genus with a fossil record extending to the Paleocene. Here, we investigated the genetic variability, demographic dynamics and diversification patterns of the two currently recognized Dipteronia species (D ipteronia sinensis and D . dyeriana). Molecular data were obtained from 45 populations of Dipteronia by genotyping three cpDNA regions, two single copy nuclear genes and 15 simple sequence repeat loci. The genetic study was combined with niche comparison analyses on the environmental space, ecological niche modeling, and landscape connectivity analysis. We found that the two Dipteronia species have highly diverged both in genetic and ecological terms. Despite the incipient speciation processes that can be observed in D. sinensis, the occurrence of long-term stable refugia and, particularly, a dispersal corridor along Daba Shan-west Qinling, likely ensured its genetic and ecological integrity to date. Our study will not only help us to understand how populations of Dipteronia species responded to the tectonic and climatic changes of the Cenozoic, but also provide insight into how Arcto-Tertiary relict plants in East Asia survived, evolved, and diversified.

中国是曾广泛分布于北半球的孑遗植物物种的热点地区。最新研究表明,中国中部和西南部山区存在长期稳定的避难所,使得这些物种在新近纪晚期的气候波动中得以延续。Dipteronia是其中的一个孑遗种,其化石记录可追溯到古新世。在这里,我们研究了目前公认的两个Dipteronia物种(D ipteronia sinensis和D. dyeriana)的遗传变异性、人口动态和多样化模式。通过对三个 cpDNA 区域、两个单拷贝核基因和 15 个简单序列重复位点进行基因分型,我们获得了 45 个 Dipteronia 种群的分子数据。遗传研究与环境空间生态位比较分析、生态位建模和景观连通性分析相结合。我们发现,这两种 Dipteronia 在遗传学和生态学方面都存在高度分化。尽管在D. sinensis中可以观察到初步的物种分化过程,但长期稳定的避难所,特别是沿大巴山-西秦岭的扩散走廊,可能确保了其迄今为止遗传和生态的完整性。我们的研究不仅有助于我们了解Dipteronia种群如何应对新生代的构造和气候变化,还有助于我们深入了解东亚地区的始新世孑遗植物是如何生存、进化和多样化的。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Diversity
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