Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000631
Rivo Onisoa Léa Rasoamanalina, Khaled Mirzaei, M. El Jaziri, Angel Rafael Ramirez Ramirez, Pierre Bertin
A breeding programme of aromatic vanilla, dating back to 1944, was conducted in Ambohitsara, Antalaha, SAVA (Sambava, Antalaha, Vohemara, Andapa) – Madagascar. Imported, local, wild and cultivated vanillas were used as progenitors and thousands of hybrids were generated. However, this germplasm has not undergone any genetic evaluation, and it appears that these valuable genetic resources have been dispersed or lost after the end of the programme (2000). This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of rescued genotypes currently held in a local collection in Antalaha. Double digest restriction associated-site (RAD)-seq (ddRAD)-seq protocol was applied, providing 865 million read sequences from 56 accessions. The ddRAD sequences have been deposited to the SRA archive of NCBI. From the data, 23,701 filtered concordant common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using the three widely used tools (Stacks, BCFtools, Genome Analysis ToolKit - GATK) for short-read library sequencing. These SNPs were used for germplasm evaluation. Clustering analysis segregated samples into five genetic groups: Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla pompona, hybrid Tsitaitra, Vanille Banane and the phenotype Tsivaky. Our analysis revealed distinct subgroups within V. pompona and Tsitaitra, emphasizing the importance of further characterization to accurately reflect the genetic diversity and facilitate better utilization of these accessions in future research and germplasm management. The presence of private alleles in all groups (from 487 to 2866) indicated that populations were diverging and represented a large gene pool that could be useful for future breeding efforts. The genetic data obtained from this study offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity and structure of the vanilla population, with potential applications in breeding and conservation efforts.
{"title":"Diversity and structure assessment of the genetic resources in a germplasm collection from a vanilla breeding programme in Madagascar","authors":"Rivo Onisoa Léa Rasoamanalina, Khaled Mirzaei, M. El Jaziri, Angel Rafael Ramirez Ramirez, Pierre Bertin","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000631","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A breeding programme of aromatic vanilla, dating back to 1944, was conducted in Ambohitsara, Antalaha, SAVA (Sambava, Antalaha, Vohemara, Andapa) – Madagascar. Imported, local, wild and cultivated vanillas were used as progenitors and thousands of hybrids were generated. However, this germplasm has not undergone any genetic evaluation, and it appears that these valuable genetic resources have been dispersed or lost after the end of the programme (2000). This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of rescued genotypes currently held in a local collection in Antalaha. Double digest restriction associated-site (RAD)-seq (ddRAD)-seq protocol was applied, providing 865 million read sequences from 56 accessions. The ddRAD sequences have been deposited to the SRA archive of NCBI. From the data, 23,701 filtered concordant common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using the three widely used tools (Stacks, BCFtools, Genome Analysis ToolKit - GATK) for short-read library sequencing. These SNPs were used for germplasm evaluation. Clustering analysis segregated samples into five genetic groups: Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla pompona, hybrid Tsitaitra, Vanille Banane and the phenotype Tsivaky. Our analysis revealed distinct subgroups within V. pompona and Tsitaitra, emphasizing the importance of further characterization to accurately reflect the genetic diversity and facilitate better utilization of these accessions in future research and germplasm management. The presence of private alleles in all groups (from 487 to 2866) indicated that populations were diverging and represented a large gene pool that could be useful for future breeding efforts. The genetic data obtained from this study offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity and structure of the vanilla population, with potential applications in breeding and conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"35 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000679
Heiplanmi Rymbai, V. K. Verma, J. Mawleiñ, S. Hazarika
Gerbera is an important commercial flower crop in the world. Augmenting the genetic diversity is desirable for further improvement in Gerbera breeding programme. Thirty-seven (37) Gerbera accessions were evaluated and analysed for genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis using yield and quality traits. Results showed that phenotypic coefficients were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters. All the traits, except stalk and flower diameter, had high heritability (>60%) and genetic advance (>20%). Based on cluster analysis, the 37 accessions were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster I consists of the maximum number of genotypes (22), while clusters IV–VII are monogenotypic with unique traits. Cluster analysis (D2) showed wider genetic diversity within and between the clusters. The first four principal components (Eigenvalue >1) contributed 72.3% of the total variation. The number of leaves, number of flowers and flower stalk length contributed the most to genetic divergence. Flower yield showed a significant positive genotypic correlation with the number of leaves and suckers. The path analysis (genotypic) revealed that number of suckers, flower stalk diameter and flower stalk length contribute major positive direct effects on number of flowers. Therefore, the wide genetic variability existing in the germplasm may facilitate improvement in gerbera crops. Superior lines (RCGH-12, -22, -114, -117) with higher yield (>23 flowers/plant) and vase life (>5 days) could be promoted for commercial production under open field conditions. While RCGH 28 has a dwarf flower stalk that can be promoted for pots and decoration purposes.
{"title":"Analysis of genetic divergence, principal component, correlation and path coefficient for quantitative traits of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) in the north eastern region, India","authors":"Heiplanmi Rymbai, V. K. Verma, J. Mawleiñ, S. Hazarika","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000679","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gerbera is an important commercial flower crop in the world. Augmenting the genetic diversity is desirable for further improvement in Gerbera breeding programme. Thirty-seven (37) Gerbera accessions were evaluated and analysed for genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis using yield and quality traits. Results showed that phenotypic coefficients were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters. All the traits, except stalk and flower diameter, had high heritability (>60%) and genetic advance (>20%). Based on cluster analysis, the 37 accessions were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster I consists of the maximum number of genotypes (22), while clusters IV–VII are monogenotypic with unique traits. Cluster analysis (D2) showed wider genetic diversity within and between the clusters. The first four principal components (Eigenvalue >1) contributed 72.3% of the total variation. The number of leaves, number of flowers and flower stalk length contributed the most to genetic divergence. Flower yield showed a significant positive genotypic correlation with the number of leaves and suckers. The path analysis (genotypic) revealed that number of suckers, flower stalk diameter and flower stalk length contribute major positive direct effects on number of flowers. Therefore, the wide genetic variability existing in the germplasm may facilitate improvement in gerbera crops. Superior lines (RCGH-12, -22, -114, -117) with higher yield (>23 flowers/plant) and vase life (>5 days) could be promoted for commercial production under open field conditions. While RCGH 28 has a dwarf flower stalk that can be promoted for pots and decoration purposes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"415 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90818484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000692
R. Janani, A. K. Sureja, Shyam S. Dey, S. G. Krishnan, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Shalini G. Rudra, B. S. Tomar
Carrot is an important vegetable crop worldwide valued for its fleshy edible roots of varied colours. Owing to its highly cross-pollinated nature and small flower size, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is being utilized for hybrid development. Among different types of male sterility, petaloid CMS is widely used for hybrid carrot breeding globally. This study aimed to develop selection criteria for parents in developing heterotic F1 hybrids using CMS lines. A large number of agro-morphological traits and Simple Sequence Repeats (genomic-SSRs) were used to assess the diversity among parental lines. We developed 60 F1 hybrids by crossing four petaloid CMS lines and 15 testers in line × tester mating design and evaluated them in replicated randomized block design trial for four vegetative and 11 economic traits. The mean squares of all the traits in line × tester interactions were significant. The estimates of genetic components of variance indicated predominance of non-additive gene action except for root maturity, root length and core diameter. The hybrids with highest per se performance also had significant positive specific combining ability effects. The root yield and root weight showed highest heterosis percentage (33%). The best performing heterotic hybrids were DCatH-5392, DCatH-700 and DCatH-9892. Correlation between genetic distance and relative heterosis of economic traits indicated no significant association and thus genetic distance could not be used to predict heterosis. As most of the yield-related traits were controlled by non-additive gene action, heterosis breeding could be potentially used along with combining ability analysis to reduce time in selection of best parents and crosses in tropical carrot.
{"title":"Selection of inbreds with better combining ability is instrumental in developing CMS-based heterotic hybrids in tropical carrot (Daucus carota L.)","authors":"R. Janani, A. K. Sureja, Shyam S. Dey, S. G. Krishnan, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Shalini G. Rudra, B. S. Tomar","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000692","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Carrot is an important vegetable crop worldwide valued for its fleshy edible roots of varied colours. Owing to its highly cross-pollinated nature and small flower size, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is being utilized for hybrid development. Among different types of male sterility, petaloid CMS is widely used for hybrid carrot breeding globally. This study aimed to develop selection criteria for parents in developing heterotic F1 hybrids using CMS lines. A large number of agro-morphological traits and Simple Sequence Repeats (genomic-SSRs) were used to assess the diversity among parental lines. We developed 60 F1 hybrids by crossing four petaloid CMS lines and 15 testers in line × tester mating design and evaluated them in replicated randomized block design trial for four vegetative and 11 economic traits. The mean squares of all the traits in line × tester interactions were significant. The estimates of genetic components of variance indicated predominance of non-additive gene action except for root maturity, root length and core diameter. The hybrids with highest per se performance also had significant positive specific combining ability effects. The root yield and root weight showed highest heterosis percentage (33%). The best performing heterotic hybrids were DCatH-5392, DCatH-700 and DCatH-9892. Correlation between genetic distance and relative heterosis of economic traits indicated no significant association and thus genetic distance could not be used to predict heterosis. As most of the yield-related traits were controlled by non-additive gene action, heterosis breeding could be potentially used along with combining ability analysis to reduce time in selection of best parents and crosses in tropical carrot.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88498682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000667
P. Lora Anusha, P. Ratnakumar, B. Pandey, P. Sandhya Rani, V. Umamahesh, M. Reddi Sekhar, V. Chandrika, P. Yadav, S. Mohapatra, D. Padmaja
Soil moisture deficit is the major constraint for sesame crop production during its main rainfed and summer cultivation seasons. In summer cultivation, the crop frequently gets exposed to soil moisture deficit at various crop growth stages. Therefore, it is essential to identify the traits along with promising genotypes adapted to soil moisture deficit. A set of 35 sesame genotypes with checks was used to quantify the variation in morpho-physiological, yield, and quality traits under irrigated (WW) and deficit soil moisture stress (WS) conditions in the summer seasons of 2021 and 2022. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of high variability among the genotypes for various measured traits. The mean performance indicated that WS negatively affects the growth, development, yield and quality traits. Moreover, the correlation, path analysis and D2 analysis studies suggested that the traits, viz. leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), canopy temperature (CT), number of branches per plant (NBP) and number of seeds per capsule (NSC) were significantly associated with seed yield under both the conditions. Quality traits like palmitic acid and oleic acid correlated positively with seed yield, particularly under WS. Furthermore, the genotypes with lower canopy temperatures were found to be better seed yielders under WS. In addition, mean performance and cluster analysis suggested that the genotypes: IC- 205776, JSCDT-112, JCSDT-26, IC-205610, and IC-204300, secured higher seed yield along with superior agronomical traits and net photosynthetic rate. These selected genotypes were most promising and could be used in future sesame crop improvement programmes.
{"title":"Phenotypic characterization of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) revealed promising genotypes for moisture stress conditions","authors":"P. Lora Anusha, P. Ratnakumar, B. Pandey, P. Sandhya Rani, V. Umamahesh, M. Reddi Sekhar, V. Chandrika, P. Yadav, S. Mohapatra, D. Padmaja","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000667","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Soil moisture deficit is the major constraint for sesame crop production during its main rainfed and summer cultivation seasons. In summer cultivation, the crop frequently gets exposed to soil moisture deficit at various crop growth stages. Therefore, it is essential to identify the traits along with promising genotypes adapted to soil moisture deficit. A set of 35 sesame genotypes with checks was used to quantify the variation in morpho-physiological, yield, and quality traits under irrigated (WW) and deficit soil moisture stress (WS) conditions in the summer seasons of 2021 and 2022. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of high variability among the genotypes for various measured traits. The mean performance indicated that WS negatively affects the growth, development, yield and quality traits. Moreover, the correlation, path analysis and D2 analysis studies suggested that the traits, viz. leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), canopy temperature (CT), number of branches per plant (NBP) and number of seeds per capsule (NSC) were significantly associated with seed yield under both the conditions. Quality traits like palmitic acid and oleic acid correlated positively with seed yield, particularly under WS. Furthermore, the genotypes with lower canopy temperatures were found to be better seed yielders under WS. In addition, mean performance and cluster analysis suggested that the genotypes: IC- 205776, JSCDT-112, JCSDT-26, IC-205610, and IC-204300, secured higher seed yield along with superior agronomical traits and net photosynthetic rate. These selected genotypes were most promising and could be used in future sesame crop improvement programmes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000655
Tábatta Caroline Cerri França, Adelson Lemes da Silva Júnior, Leticia Rigo Tavares, L. C. Souza, F. D. Miranda, M. V. W. Caldeira
The objective of this study is to prospect ISSR primers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) and, further genetic characterization in Paratecoma peroba. For this, leaf samples of 20 individuals were collected in a forest fragment, located in a private area, close to the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, in the city of Alegre, ES, Brazil. For this, 43 ISSR primers were tested, and 10 primers were selected, which provided a total of 91 bands, with 57 polymorphic bands, resulting in 62.63% polymorphism. The polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.27) indicated moderate informativeness of the primers and, therefore, they are efficient in studies with the species. However, the values found for genetic parameters such as the number of observed (AO = 1.68) and effective (AE = 1.41) alleles and, the genetic diversity indices of Nei (H* = 0.23) and Shannon (I* = 0.35) indicate the occurrence of homozygous loci and low genetic diversity in the population. On the other hand, the genetic structure evaluated by the Bayesian approach revealed the formation of three genetic groups distributed in all sampled individuals, inferring once again about the occurrence of loci in homozygosity. Therefore, the connection of neighbouring fragments and the establishment of individuals obtained from other sources could increase the genetic diversity of the population and reduce the possible effects of depression by inbreeding and genetic drift.
本研究的目的是对双生副眼的ISSR引物进行研究，并进一步进行遗传鉴定。为此，在巴西阿雷格里州阿雷格里市联邦教育学院(Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo)附近的一个私人区域的森林碎片中收集了20个个体的叶子样本。为此，对43条ISSR引物进行了测试，筛选出10条引物，共提供91条条带，其中多态性条带57条，多态性为62.63%。引物的多态性信息含量(PIC = 0.27)表明引物的信息量中等，因此在该物种的研究中是有效的。然而，观察等位基因数(AO = 1.68)和有效等位基因数(AE = 1.41)以及Nei (H* = 0.23)和Shannon (I* = 0.35)的遗传多样性指数表明，该群体存在纯合位点，遗传多样性较低。另一方面，通过贝叶斯方法评估的遗传结构揭示了分布在所有样本个体中的三个遗传群的形成，再次推断了纯合性位点的发生。因此，相邻片段的连接和从其他来源获得的个体的建立可以增加群体的遗传多样性，减少近亲繁殖和遗传漂变可能造成的抑郁影响。
{"title":"Prospection of ISSR primers and population genetic characterization of Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm.","authors":"Tábatta Caroline Cerri França, Adelson Lemes da Silva Júnior, Leticia Rigo Tavares, L. C. Souza, F. D. Miranda, M. V. W. Caldeira","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000655","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this study is to prospect ISSR primers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) and, further genetic characterization in Paratecoma peroba. For this, leaf samples of 20 individuals were collected in a forest fragment, located in a private area, close to the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, in the city of Alegre, ES, Brazil. For this, 43 ISSR primers were tested, and 10 primers were selected, which provided a total of 91 bands, with 57 polymorphic bands, resulting in 62.63% polymorphism. The polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.27) indicated moderate informativeness of the primers and, therefore, they are efficient in studies with the species. However, the values found for genetic parameters such as the number of observed (AO = 1.68) and effective (AE = 1.41) alleles and, the genetic diversity indices of Nei (H* = 0.23) and Shannon (I* = 0.35) indicate the occurrence of homozygous loci and low genetic diversity in the population. On the other hand, the genetic structure evaluated by the Bayesian approach revealed the formation of three genetic groups distributed in all sampled individuals, inferring once again about the occurrence of loci in homozygosity. Therefore, the connection of neighbouring fragments and the establishment of individuals obtained from other sources could increase the genetic diversity of the population and reduce the possible effects of depression by inbreeding and genetic drift.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84475573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s147926212300062x
B. Herrera-Cabrera, Néstor Hernández-Silva, A. Delgado-Alvarado, Agustín Maceda
The shape of the flower can vary based on the type of pollinator or the environment in which the plant develops. In Vanilla insignis, there are no studies that analyse the shape of the labellum of the flower as has been done in V. planifolia. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the variation in the shape of the labellum of V. insignis through a morphometric analysis in different environmental conditions in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The results showed that there were significant differences in the variables analysed. Principal component analysis and dendrogram analysis reveal that four V. insignis morphotypes were possibly associated with soil water availability conditions because there were significant differences between the variables that define the apical region. In addition, the distribution of the morphotypes corresponded with the presence of humidity regardless of geographical distances such as in the populations of Tenampulco, Puebla and Caobas, Quintana Roo. The presence of these morphotypes allows the development of conservation programmes and genetic improvement of the species of V. insignis and related commercial species.
{"title":"Vanilla insignis Ames. (Orchidaceae): morphological variation of the labellum in Quintana Roo, Mexico","authors":"B. Herrera-Cabrera, Néstor Hernández-Silva, A. Delgado-Alvarado, Agustín Maceda","doi":"10.1017/s147926212300062x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147926212300062x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The shape of the flower can vary based on the type of pollinator or the environment in which the plant develops. In Vanilla insignis, there are no studies that analyse the shape of the labellum of the flower as has been done in V. planifolia. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the variation in the shape of the labellum of V. insignis through a morphometric analysis in different environmental conditions in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The results showed that there were significant differences in the variables analysed. Principal component analysis and dendrogram analysis reveal that four V. insignis morphotypes were possibly associated with soil water availability conditions because there were significant differences between the variables that define the apical region. In addition, the distribution of the morphotypes corresponded with the presence of humidity regardless of geographical distances such as in the populations of Tenampulco, Puebla and Caobas, Quintana Roo. The presence of these morphotypes allows the development of conservation programmes and genetic improvement of the species of V. insignis and related commercial species.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88686207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000606
Y. Bisht, Himanshu Sharma, Arun K. Jugran, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, P. Mishra, N. Pareek
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop of family Fabaceae used as a potential source of proteins, fibres and minerals. Thus, characterization of existing germplasm is useful for improvement and conservation. The Indian Himalayan Region harbours plentiful varieties of common bean, but it is nearly unexplored till date. In the present study, physical and genetic diversity of common bean was examined. Fifteen newly designed chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure in 119 common bean individuals from 20 diverse accessions gathered from Uttarakhand, India. Significantly, positive (p< 0.05) relationship of seed weight was found with seed length (r = 0.813), seed width (r = 0.692) and seed length- width ratio (r = 0.694) using Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 20 alleles were identified using eight cpSSR markers. Mean number of alleles per locus (Na = 1.55), effective allele number (Ne = 1.370), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.213), average polymorphic loci (10.9) and Shannon information index (I = 0.313) were estimated based on cpSSR data. Maximum genetic diversity (He) was recorded in the AKJ/KK/DP/Jhalla/23 accession and minimum in the AKJ/YB/PS/Supi/43 accession. Bayesian-based STRUCTURE evaluation using cpSSR-based information partitioned 20 accessions into two distinct clusters which were also supported by neighbor-joining cluster analysis. These cpSSR markers also demonstrated transferability among other members like Vigna radiata, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Glycine max, Vigna mungo of Fabaceae family, therefore can be used to monitor their genetic heterogeneity. The findings from the study might be valuable to identify elite common bean accessions for production, conservation and future breeding programmes.
{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Indian common bean accessions using microsatellite markers","authors":"Y. Bisht, Himanshu Sharma, Arun K. Jugran, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, P. Mishra, N. Pareek","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000606","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop of family Fabaceae used as a potential source of proteins, fibres and minerals. Thus, characterization of existing germplasm is useful for improvement and conservation. The Indian Himalayan Region harbours plentiful varieties of common bean, but it is nearly unexplored till date. In the present study, physical and genetic diversity of common bean was examined. Fifteen newly designed chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure in 119 common bean individuals from 20 diverse accessions gathered from Uttarakhand, India. Significantly, positive (p< 0.05) relationship of seed weight was found with seed length (r = 0.813), seed width (r = 0.692) and seed length- width ratio (r = 0.694) using Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 20 alleles were identified using eight cpSSR markers. Mean number of alleles per locus (Na = 1.55), effective allele number (Ne = 1.370), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.213), average polymorphic loci (10.9) and Shannon information index (I = 0.313) were estimated based on cpSSR data. Maximum genetic diversity (He) was recorded in the AKJ/KK/DP/Jhalla/23 accession and minimum in the AKJ/YB/PS/Supi/43 accession. Bayesian-based STRUCTURE evaluation using cpSSR-based information partitioned 20 accessions into two distinct clusters which were also supported by neighbor-joining cluster analysis. These cpSSR markers also demonstrated transferability among other members like Vigna radiata, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Glycine max, Vigna mungo of Fabaceae family, therefore can be used to monitor their genetic heterogeneity. The findings from the study might be valuable to identify elite common bean accessions for production, conservation and future breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90483199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000618
T. Basavaraja, A. Tripathi, R. Chandora, A. Pratap, L. Manjuanatha, S. Gurumurthy, Mohar Singh, J. Rana, S. D. N. Kumar, P. K. Katiyar, Bansa Singh
Twenty-nine exotic common bean germplasms and three elite cultivars were examined for phenotypic diversity in two bean-producing environments (Kanpur and Shimla) across three winter seasons and one rainy season. The estimate of genetic variability parameters revealed that the exotic bean germplasm has enough diversity for all the evaluated features. The highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were found in seed yield, followed by 100-seed weight, pods per plant and pod length. Furthermore, seed yield was the most heritable and genetically advanced quantitative feature, followed by 100-seed weight, pod length and pods per plant. According to a trait association study, the days to maturity of phenological traits have a strong positive correlation with the days to initial flowering and the days to 50% flowering. Pods per plant and seeds per pod most strongly influence increased grain yield. The first two principal components accounted for 63.3% of the variation and demonstrated significant diversity among exotic bean lines for the traits studied, according to the principal component analysis. According to the hierarchical clustering analysis, 29 accessions and three cultivars were divided into three groups. Cluster I contains early flowering and maturing accessions, while cluster III contains high pods per plant and an increased grain yield of germplasms. The fundamental source of phenological fluctuations in both environmental circumstances is temperature. This study found four genetically divergent and stable performance accessions, including EC932021, EC932189 (earliness), and EC931452, EC931971 (high grain yield), which may aid in the establishment of a bean breeding programme.
{"title":"Evaluation of phenological development and agronomic traits in exotic common bean germplasm across multiple environments","authors":"T. Basavaraja, A. Tripathi, R. Chandora, A. Pratap, L. Manjuanatha, S. Gurumurthy, Mohar Singh, J. Rana, S. D. N. Kumar, P. K. Katiyar, Bansa Singh","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000618","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Twenty-nine exotic common bean germplasms and three elite cultivars were examined for phenotypic diversity in two bean-producing environments (Kanpur and Shimla) across three winter seasons and one rainy season. The estimate of genetic variability parameters revealed that the exotic bean germplasm has enough diversity for all the evaluated features. The highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were found in seed yield, followed by 100-seed weight, pods per plant and pod length. Furthermore, seed yield was the most heritable and genetically advanced quantitative feature, followed by 100-seed weight, pod length and pods per plant. According to a trait association study, the days to maturity of phenological traits have a strong positive correlation with the days to initial flowering and the days to 50% flowering. Pods per plant and seeds per pod most strongly influence increased grain yield. The first two principal components accounted for 63.3% of the variation and demonstrated significant diversity among exotic bean lines for the traits studied, according to the principal component analysis. According to the hierarchical clustering analysis, 29 accessions and three cultivars were divided into three groups. Cluster I contains early flowering and maturing accessions, while cluster III contains high pods per plant and an increased grain yield of germplasms. The fundamental source of phenological fluctuations in both environmental circumstances is temperature. This study found four genetically divergent and stable performance accessions, including EC932021, EC932189 (earliness), and EC931452, EC931971 (high grain yield), which may aid in the establishment of a bean breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86795101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000643
B. R. Chandana, S. Ramesh, R. Kirankumar, G. Basanagouda, Gowdru Veerabhadrappa Ranjitha, Banakara Santhoshkumari
In common with other grain legumes, the growth habit in horse gram is one of the domestication-driven adaptive traits. Horse gram exhibits determinate and indeterminate types of growth habits. Determinate genotypes have non-overlapping vegetative and reproductive phases combined with a compact growth habit which enables farmers to produce horse gram in intercropping and multiple cropping systems, a common practice for sustainable agriculture production. Also, synchronous flowering, and pod development and maturity of determinate genotypes enable mechanical harvesting. Empirical studies have indicated a greater grain yield potential of indeterminate compared to determinate genotypes. However, we hypothesize that indeterminate and determinate genotypes do not differ for their grain yield potential if they are in isogenic genetic backgrounds. To test this hypothesis, we compared eight pairs of near isogenic (NI) indeterminate and determinate genotypes for their grain yield potential during two rainy seasons in one location and one rainy season in another location. The eight pairs of NI determinate and indeterminate genotypes differed significantly in each of the three test environments. Indeterminate genotypes produced a greater pod (harvestable) and grain (marketable) yields than their determinate counterparts only in a few genetic backgrounds. These results thus support our hypothesis that determinate genotypes are comparable to indeterminate ones, if not better than the latter.
{"title":"Effect of growth habit on grain yield and its component traits in horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.]","authors":"B. R. Chandana, S. Ramesh, R. Kirankumar, G. Basanagouda, Gowdru Veerabhadrappa Ranjitha, Banakara Santhoshkumari","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000643","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In common with other grain legumes, the growth habit in horse gram is one of the domestication-driven adaptive traits. Horse gram exhibits determinate and indeterminate types of growth habits. Determinate genotypes have non-overlapping vegetative and reproductive phases combined with a compact growth habit which enables farmers to produce horse gram in intercropping and multiple cropping systems, a common practice for sustainable agriculture production. Also, synchronous flowering, and pod development and maturity of determinate genotypes enable mechanical harvesting. Empirical studies have indicated a greater grain yield potential of indeterminate compared to determinate genotypes. However, we hypothesize that indeterminate and determinate genotypes do not differ for their grain yield potential if they are in isogenic genetic backgrounds. To test this hypothesis, we compared eight pairs of near isogenic (NI) indeterminate and determinate genotypes for their grain yield potential during two rainy seasons in one location and one rainy season in another location. The eight pairs of NI determinate and indeterminate genotypes differed significantly in each of the three test environments. Indeterminate genotypes produced a greater pod (harvestable) and grain (marketable) yields than their determinate counterparts only in a few genetic backgrounds. These results thus support our hypothesis that determinate genotypes are comparable to indeterminate ones, if not better than the latter.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82748247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000576
C. Kapoor, C. Raj, R. Avasthe, D. Basandrai, A. Pattanayak, Jay Prakash Aditya, S. Das, V. Sharma, Matber Singh, Shweta Singh
Rice cultivation in hills is challenged by sub-optimum weather conditions, low soil fertility, low temperature and moisture stress which impedes in attaining high productivity. To address this, four studies were carried out at ICAR Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India to evaluate relative performance of local organic cultivars and conventionally bred varieties under an organic farming system. Conventionally bred varieties yielded significantly higher (45%) than local cultivars under recommended timely sown conditions whereas local cultivars showed superiority in grain yield under late sown conditions coinciding with low temperature during flowering to grain filling. Genotypes did not show significant interaction when organic or conventional production conditions were compared. For grain yield, there was a significant variation for variety × year interaction under organic system. Local organic cultivars had reduced grain yield and associated traits under rainfed upland conditions. Panicles per unit area had a significant positive association with grain yield in all production environments (organic lowland, organic upland, conventional lowland and conventional upland). Overall, the study indicates using local cultivars as donors for specific stress tolerance traits in background of high yielding genotypes to enhance rice yields sustainably under organic system in hills.
{"title":"Rice genetic resources for organic agriculture under hill ecology: evaluation and usefulness","authors":"C. Kapoor, C. Raj, R. Avasthe, D. Basandrai, A. Pattanayak, Jay Prakash Aditya, S. Das, V. Sharma, Matber Singh, Shweta Singh","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000576","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rice cultivation in hills is challenged by sub-optimum weather conditions, low soil fertility, low temperature and moisture stress which impedes in attaining high productivity. To address this, four studies were carried out at ICAR Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India to evaluate relative performance of local organic cultivars and conventionally bred varieties under an organic farming system. Conventionally bred varieties yielded significantly higher (45%) than local cultivars under recommended timely sown conditions whereas local cultivars showed superiority in grain yield under late sown conditions coinciding with low temperature during flowering to grain filling. Genotypes did not show significant interaction when organic or conventional production conditions were compared. For grain yield, there was a significant variation for variety × year interaction under organic system. Local organic cultivars had reduced grain yield and associated traits under rainfed upland conditions. Panicles per unit area had a significant positive association with grain yield in all production environments (organic lowland, organic upland, conventional lowland and conventional upland). Overall, the study indicates using local cultivars as donors for specific stress tolerance traits in background of high yielding genotypes to enhance rice yields sustainably under organic system in hills.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77299957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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