Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000047
Carlos E. González‐Orozco, J. A. Osorio-Guarín, R. Yockteng
Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) is an important tropical crop used to produce chocolate. Evolutionary relationships between cultivated and wild cacao genotypes and their genetic diversity are poorly understood. Exploring phylogenetic diversity and spatial patterns of both cultivated and crop wild relatives can improve the knowledge of the evolutionary history of a crop, giving insights into its cultivation, breeding programmes and conservation. This study identifies biodiversity priority areas in Colombia by calculating phylogenetic diversity indices using a set of 87 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. These were sourced from 279 genotypes conserved in the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia) germplasm collection. The Caribbean and North Andes areas exhibited the highest phylogenetic diversity and significantly high relative phylogenetic diversity. We propose that those regions where wild cacao occurs should be prioritized as conservation areas. Besides, cacao lineages that have recently diverged and are present in Arauca, Huila and Nariño areas, with significantly low relative phylogenetic diversity, should be prioritized for breeding programmes. The Amazonia genotypes were closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting an older origin than those found in the Andes region. Our study highlights the importance of using T. cacao germplasm from the Amazonia region as a priority to recover relict diversity in breeding programmes and broaden the gene pool of modern cultivated cacao.
可可是一种重要的热带作物，用于生产巧克力。栽培可可和野生可可基因型及其遗传多样性之间的进化关系尚不清楚。探索栽培和作物野生近缘种的系统发育多样性和空间格局，可以提高对作物进化史的认识，为其栽培、育种计划和保护提供见解。本研究利用87个单核苷酸多态性标记计算系统发育多样性指数，确定了哥伦比亚生物多样性优先区。这些基因型来自Corporación columbiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia)种质收集中保存的279个基因型。加勒比和北安第斯山脉地区系统发育多样性最高，相对系统发育多样性显著较高。我们建议将野生可可生长的地区作为优先保护区。此外，在阿劳卡、韦拉和Nariño地区最近出现分化的可可谱系，相对系统发育多样性明显较低，应优先考虑育种计划。亚马逊地区的基因型更接近系统发育树的根部，表明其起源比在安第斯地区发现的更古老。我们的研究强调了利用亚马逊地区的T.可可种质资源作为恢复育种计划中残余多样性和扩大现代栽培可可基因库的重要性。
{"title":"Phylogenetic diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes in Colombia","authors":"Carlos E. González‐Orozco, J. A. Osorio-Guarín, R. Yockteng","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) is an important tropical crop used to produce chocolate. Evolutionary relationships between cultivated and wild cacao genotypes and their genetic diversity are poorly understood. Exploring phylogenetic diversity and spatial patterns of both cultivated and crop wild relatives can improve the knowledge of the evolutionary history of a crop, giving insights into its cultivation, breeding programmes and conservation. This study identifies biodiversity priority areas in Colombia by calculating phylogenetic diversity indices using a set of 87 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. These were sourced from 279 genotypes conserved in the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia) germplasm collection. The Caribbean and North Andes areas exhibited the highest phylogenetic diversity and significantly high relative phylogenetic diversity. We propose that those regions where wild cacao occurs should be prioritized as conservation areas. Besides, cacao lineages that have recently diverged and are present in Arauca, Huila and Nariño areas, with significantly low relative phylogenetic diversity, should be prioritized for breeding programmes. The Amazonia genotypes were closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting an older origin than those found in the Andes region. Our study highlights the importance of using T. cacao germplasm from the Amazonia region as a priority to recover relict diversity in breeding programmes and broaden the gene pool of modern cultivated cacao.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78951501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000023
Syed Zain Kashif, M. Aslam, Zaheer Ahmed, F. Saleem, F. Alghabari, H. Alsamadany, H. A. Alzahrani, F. S. Awan
Maize is among major field crops which provides food, fodder and various byproducts to the industry. Development of better performing varieties is very important to enhance and strengthen the maize production system. In this study ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is used to induce genetic variation in maize. Mutant population was derived from two genotypes 100,003 and 100,004. EMS was applied under three different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mM. 25 mM was found as an ideal concentration resulting in maximum survival rate. Total 10 SSRs were used in this study, which amplified 28 alleles with average of 2.7 alleles. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant differences present among individuals. Average heterozygosity for mutants derived from 100,003 and 100,004 was 0.58 and 0.53, respectively. UPGMA analysis characterized the mutants into two main and many sub clusters. According to the principal component analysis, PC 1 and 2 contributed to 64.2% variability with eigenvalue greater than 1. Statistics showed maximum coefficients of variance in traits of leaf area, cobb height and plant height. Promising mutants were also identified and recommended for future breeding programme. In conclusion, EMS mutagenesis is an effective technique to develop novel mutants that can be exploited in future breeding programmes.
{"title":"Development and genomic characterization of EMS induced mutant population of Zea mays L.","authors":"Syed Zain Kashif, M. Aslam, Zaheer Ahmed, F. Saleem, F. Alghabari, H. Alsamadany, H. A. Alzahrani, F. S. Awan","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Maize is among major field crops which provides food, fodder and various byproducts to the industry. Development of better performing varieties is very important to enhance and strengthen the maize production system. In this study ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is used to induce genetic variation in maize. Mutant population was derived from two genotypes 100,003 and 100,004. EMS was applied under three different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mM. 25 mM was found as an ideal concentration resulting in maximum survival rate. Total 10 SSRs were used in this study, which amplified 28 alleles with average of 2.7 alleles. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant differences present among individuals. Average heterozygosity for mutants derived from 100,003 and 100,004 was 0.58 and 0.53, respectively. UPGMA analysis characterized the mutants into two main and many sub clusters. According to the principal component analysis, PC 1 and 2 contributed to 64.2% variability with eigenvalue greater than 1. Statistics showed maximum coefficients of variance in traits of leaf area, cobb height and plant height. Promising mutants were also identified and recommended for future breeding programme. In conclusion, EMS mutagenesis is an effective technique to develop novel mutants that can be exploited in future breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85449647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000035
Erica M. Steadman, K. Whitehouse, S. Norton
Crop germplasm conserved in genebanks, are a fundamental resource of genetic diversity for crop improvement activities, underpinning future food security and sustainable agricultural practices. However, taxonomic errors in genebank germplasm (due to misclassification, contamination and poor data collation) restrict the effective use of this material for correct purpose. Earlier studies investigating species genetic diversity using genebank germplasm, have shown varying levels of taxonomic error within the Brassica species. In response to this reported taxonomic error of global collections, together with the availability of a multiplex PCR (MPCR) marker, targeting the specific chromosomes (A, B and C) of the six Brassica species in U's triangle, this study was undertaken to confirm the taxonomic identity of accessions within the Australian Grains Genebank's (AGG) long-term Brassica collection. A total of 5161 accessions were analysed with MPCR for taxonomic identification, of which, 4842 (93.8%) were confirmed to be consistent (correct) with their labelled taxonomy, while the remaining 319 (6.2%) were identified as taxonomically inconsistent (in-error). Through the evaluation of earlier regeneration and original seed of the error accessions with MPCR, we determined that 80.9% of the taxonomic errors were traced back to the original seed, while 19.1% of errors were the result of genebank seed regeneration handling practices. Results from this study directly enhance information of the AGG Brassica collection and shape directions for distribution, acquisition and regeneration practices within the AGG and potentially other global genebanks, which will facilitate in a more effective use of these valuable genetic resources by researchers and breeders.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Brassica genebank germplasm confirms taxonomic identity and reveals low levels and source of taxonomic errors","authors":"Erica M. Steadman, K. Whitehouse, S. Norton","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Crop germplasm conserved in genebanks, are a fundamental resource of genetic diversity for crop improvement activities, underpinning future food security and sustainable agricultural practices. However, taxonomic errors in genebank germplasm (due to misclassification, contamination and poor data collation) restrict the effective use of this material for correct purpose. Earlier studies investigating species genetic diversity using genebank germplasm, have shown varying levels of taxonomic error within the Brassica species. In response to this reported taxonomic error of global collections, together with the availability of a multiplex PCR (MPCR) marker, targeting the specific chromosomes (A, B and C) of the six Brassica species in U's triangle, this study was undertaken to confirm the taxonomic identity of accessions within the Australian Grains Genebank's (AGG) long-term Brassica collection. A total of 5161 accessions were analysed with MPCR for taxonomic identification, of which, 4842 (93.8%) were confirmed to be consistent (correct) with their labelled taxonomy, while the remaining 319 (6.2%) were identified as taxonomically inconsistent (in-error). Through the evaluation of earlier regeneration and original seed of the error accessions with MPCR, we determined that 80.9% of the taxonomic errors were traced back to the original seed, while 19.1% of errors were the result of genebank seed regeneration handling practices. Results from this study directly enhance information of the AGG Brassica collection and shape directions for distribution, acquisition and regeneration practices within the AGG and potentially other global genebanks, which will facilitate in a more effective use of these valuable genetic resources by researchers and breeders.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83597436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000084
Humara Fayaz, A. Wani, Asma Hamid Mir, Raheel Shafeeq Khan, F. Jan, M. Yasin, M. A. Bhat, R R Mir
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important grain legumes after common bean. In the present study, a total of 35 chickpea genotypes including desi and Kabuli types of cultivated chickpea (C. arietinum) were evaluated for seed physical characteristics that are very important for seed storage, processing and determining seed quality traits. Therefore, it has become imperative to study the seed physical characteristics of chickpea during the present study. The analysis of data revealed that substantial variation is present among the genotypes under study with respect to seed physical characteristics such as seed size, seed volume, seed density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index. These traits are considered important to determine the seed rate at the time of sowing of the crop, cooking quality, storage and processing and thereby have a direct bearing on the economics of chickpea consumption. Our results indicated that the desi, Kabuli and pea-shaped genotypes differ significantly in seed physical characteristics with overall superior trait performance of the Kabuli type compared to other seed types, making them superior with respect to consumer/market demands.
{"title":"Trait variations for seed physical characteristics in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) from the Western Himalayas","authors":"Humara Fayaz, A. Wani, Asma Hamid Mir, Raheel Shafeeq Khan, F. Jan, M. Yasin, M. A. Bhat, R R Mir","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important grain legumes after common bean. In the present study, a total of 35 chickpea genotypes including desi and Kabuli types of cultivated chickpea (C. arietinum) were evaluated for seed physical characteristics that are very important for seed storage, processing and determining seed quality traits. Therefore, it has become imperative to study the seed physical characteristics of chickpea during the present study. The analysis of data revealed that substantial variation is present among the genotypes under study with respect to seed physical characteristics such as seed size, seed volume, seed density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index. These traits are considered important to determine the seed rate at the time of sowing of the crop, cooking quality, storage and processing and thereby have a direct bearing on the economics of chickpea consumption. Our results indicated that the desi, Kabuli and pea-shaped genotypes differ significantly in seed physical characteristics with overall superior trait performance of the Kabuli type compared to other seed types, making them superior with respect to consumer/market demands.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80172516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1479262123000321
Sabreena Bhat, Muslima Nazir, S. Zargar, Samiullah Naik, W. A. Dar, Bilal A. Bhat, Reetika Mahajan, B. Ganai, P. Sofi, S. Zargar
Abstract Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an important crop in the high-altitude regions of the Northwest Indian Himalayas. The agro-climatic heterogeneity of this region offers a great deal of diversity in the agro-morphology of buckwheat species. In this study, a total of 61 accessions of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum were characterized for 17 morphological (8 qualitative and 9 quantitative) traits. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) among all the traits were revealed by one-way analysis of variance. Further, significant phenotypic variability in both qualitative as well as quantitative traits was also observed. Both positive and negative correlations were observed between the traits of agronomic relevance. The principal component analysis (PCA) reveals about 69% variability among the first six components. The accessions were divided into two key clusters with numerous subclusters by considering the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram. A cluster of 19 accessions was formed utilizing a PCA scatter plot indicating accessions with maximum values for important quality traits like plant height, leaf blade width, stem colour (red), primary branches, inflorescence length, flower colour (greenish-yellow), seed anthocyanin colour (green), seed shape (ovate) and seed weight. These accessions can be of vital significance for future buckwheat breeding programmes. The findings from the current study will form a favourable base for genetic resource management, improved cultivation and applications of buckwheat at the commercial level in the northwestern Himalayas of India.
{"title":"In-depth morphological assessment revealed significant genetic variability in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) germplasm","authors":"Sabreena Bhat, Muslima Nazir, S. Zargar, Samiullah Naik, W. A. Dar, Bilal A. Bhat, Reetika Mahajan, B. Ganai, P. Sofi, S. Zargar","doi":"10.1017/S1479262123000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262123000321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an important crop in the high-altitude regions of the Northwest Indian Himalayas. The agro-climatic heterogeneity of this region offers a great deal of diversity in the agro-morphology of buckwheat species. In this study, a total of 61 accessions of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum were characterized for 17 morphological (8 qualitative and 9 quantitative) traits. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) among all the traits were revealed by one-way analysis of variance. Further, significant phenotypic variability in both qualitative as well as quantitative traits was also observed. Both positive and negative correlations were observed between the traits of agronomic relevance. The principal component analysis (PCA) reveals about 69% variability among the first six components. The accessions were divided into two key clusters with numerous subclusters by considering the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram. A cluster of 19 accessions was formed utilizing a PCA scatter plot indicating accessions with maximum values for important quality traits like plant height, leaf blade width, stem colour (red), primary branches, inflorescence length, flower colour (greenish-yellow), seed anthocyanin colour (green), seed shape (ovate) and seed weight. These accessions can be of vital significance for future buckwheat breeding programmes. The findings from the current study will form a favourable base for genetic resource management, improved cultivation and applications of buckwheat at the commercial level in the northwestern Himalayas of India.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"22 1","pages":"417 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75367978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1479262123000308
Oluwadurotimi S. Aworunse, J. Popoola, R. Paliwal, O. O. Obembe
Abstract Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) is an underutilized indigenous leafy vegetable with enormous prospects for food security in sub-Saharan Africa. However, relatively little is known about genetic relationships and population structure in the species. In this study, 32 landraces of fluted pumpkin collected across three southern geographical regions in Nigeria were assessed for genetic diversity and population structure using 8 start codon-targeted (SCoT) makers. The polymorphic information content of the SCoT markers ranged from 0.48 in SCoT36 to 0.94 in SCoT28, with an average of 0.77. Hierarchical cluster dendrogram based on Ward's method and principal component analysis grouped the landraces into four clusters without affiliation to provenance. Overall, the mean values of the population genetic diversity parameters – Nei's gene diversity (H) and Shannon's information index (I) showed values of 0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02, respectively, implying a narrow genetic base for the landraces. The result was further corroborated by a very close Nei's genetic distance and identity among populations of the landraces. Furthermore, the south-west population exhibited the higher genetic diversity (H = 0.31 ± 0.02 and I = 0.45 ± 0.03). Population structure analysis inferred three subpopulations for the accessions with varying degrees of allelic admixture. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that almost all the genetic variation occurred within (99%) than between (1%) populations. The findings shed light on the genetic diversity of southern Nigerian fluted pumpkin and have significant implications for the characterisation, conservation, exploitation and improvement of the species.
摘要槽形南瓜(Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.)是一种未被充分利用的本土叶菜，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区具有巨大的粮食安全前景。然而，对该物种的遗传关系和种群结构所知相对较少。本研究利用8个起始密码子靶向(SCoT)标记对尼日利亚南部3个地理区域的32个槽形南瓜地方品种的遗传多样性和群体结构进行了评估。snp标记的多态性信息含量在SCoT36的0.48 ~ SCoT28的0.94之间，平均为0.77。基于Ward方法和主成分分析的分层聚类树形图将地方品种分为4个簇，与种源无关。总体而言，种群遗传多样性参数Nei’s基因多样性(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)的平均值分别为0.28±0.01和0.43±0.02，表明地方品种的遗传基础较窄。这一结果进一步证实了在地方人种群体中非常接近的Nei的遗传距离和身份。西南居群遗传多样性较高，H = 0.31±0.02,I = 0.45±0.03。种群结构分析推断出等位基因混合程度不同的材料有3个亚种群。分子变异分析表明，几乎所有的遗传变异都发生在(99%)群体内，而不是(1%)群体之间。这一发现揭示了尼日利亚南部凹槽南瓜的遗传多样性，并对该物种的特征、保护、开发和改良具有重要意义。
{"title":"Start codon-targeted marker evaluation of genetic relationship and population structure in southern Nigerian fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) collection","authors":"Oluwadurotimi S. Aworunse, J. Popoola, R. Paliwal, O. O. Obembe","doi":"10.1017/S1479262123000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262123000308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) is an underutilized indigenous leafy vegetable with enormous prospects for food security in sub-Saharan Africa. However, relatively little is known about genetic relationships and population structure in the species. In this study, 32 landraces of fluted pumpkin collected across three southern geographical regions in Nigeria were assessed for genetic diversity and population structure using 8 start codon-targeted (SCoT) makers. The polymorphic information content of the SCoT markers ranged from 0.48 in SCoT36 to 0.94 in SCoT28, with an average of 0.77. Hierarchical cluster dendrogram based on Ward's method and principal component analysis grouped the landraces into four clusters without affiliation to provenance. Overall, the mean values of the population genetic diversity parameters – Nei's gene diversity (H) and Shannon's information index (I) showed values of 0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02, respectively, implying a narrow genetic base for the landraces. The result was further corroborated by a very close Nei's genetic distance and identity among populations of the landraces. Furthermore, the south-west population exhibited the higher genetic diversity (H = 0.31 ± 0.02 and I = 0.45 ± 0.03). Population structure analysis inferred three subpopulations for the accessions with varying degrees of allelic admixture. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that almost all the genetic variation occurred within (99%) than between (1%) populations. The findings shed light on the genetic diversity of southern Nigerian fluted pumpkin and have significant implications for the characterisation, conservation, exploitation and improvement of the species.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"68 1","pages":"406 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78258174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1479262123000278
Xujuan Li, J. Mao, Xuekuan Chen, Xiuqin Lin, Xiao‐Yu Wang, Chaohua Xu, Xin-Long Liu, Xin Lu
Abstract Germplasm innovation can provide materials for breeding sugarcane cultivars. Saccharum officinarum is the main source of high-sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding. ‘Nobilization’ is the theoretical basis for exploiting S. officinarum, and S. officinarum authenticity directly affects sugarcane nobility breeding efficiency. Herein, the authenticity of 22 SLC-series S. officinarum clones imported from Sri Lanka and preserved in the China National Germplasm Repository of Sugarcane (NGRS) was explored by four-primer amplification-arrested mutation PCR (ARMS PCR) and somatic chromosome number counting. The amplified bands from SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131 were the same with those from S. officinarum clone Badila, i.e. a common band of 428 bp and a S. officinarum-specific band of 278 bp, hence they were tentatively assigned as S. officinarum clones. The other 20 SLC clones had both 278 bp (S. officinarum-specific) and 203 bp (S. spontaneum-specific) bands, which are hybrid characteristics. In addition, the chromosome numbers of SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131 are both 80, belong to typical S. officinarum. While the chromosome numbers of the other 20 materials are ranging from 101 to 129, consistent with hybrids of S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. This molecular cytological characterization indicates that among the 22 introduced SLC-series clones, only two, SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131, were S. officinarum. Future agronomic trait and resistance analyses could facilitate their use as crossing parents in sugarcane breeding.
摘要种质创新可为甘蔗品种选育提供材料。甘蔗渣是甘蔗育种中高糖高产基因的主要来源。“贵贱化”是甘蔗贵贱育种的理论基础，而贵贱化与否直接影响甘蔗贵贱育种的效率。本文采用四引物扩增-捕获突变PCR (ARMS PCR)和体细胞染色体计数方法，对从斯里兰卡进口并保存在中国甘蔗种质资源库(NGRS)的22个slc系列officinarum无性系的真伪进行了鉴定。SLC 08 120和SLC 08 131扩增的条带与巴迪拉克隆扩增的条带相同，均为428 bp的共同条带和278 bp的officinarum特异性条带，初步确定为officinarum克隆。其余20个SLC无性系均具有278 bp (S. officinarum-specific)和203 bp (S. spontanum -specific)的杂交特征。另外，SLC 08 120和SLC 08 131的染色体数均为80，属于典型的铁皮石斛。而其他20份材料的染色体数目在101 ~ 129之间，与S. officinarum和S. spontanum的杂交品种一致。分子细胞学鉴定表明，在引进的22个SLC系列无性系中，只有SLC 08 120和SLC 08 131为铁皮葡萄球菌。今后的农艺性状和抗性分析将有助于它们作为杂交亲本在甘蔗育种中的应用。
{"title":"Molecular cytology identification of 22 sugarcane germplasm clones from Sri Lanka","authors":"Xujuan Li, J. Mao, Xuekuan Chen, Xiuqin Lin, Xiao‐Yu Wang, Chaohua Xu, Xin-Long Liu, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1017/S1479262123000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262123000278","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Germplasm innovation can provide materials for breeding sugarcane cultivars. Saccharum officinarum is the main source of high-sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding. ‘Nobilization’ is the theoretical basis for exploiting S. officinarum, and S. officinarum authenticity directly affects sugarcane nobility breeding efficiency. Herein, the authenticity of 22 SLC-series S. officinarum clones imported from Sri Lanka and preserved in the China National Germplasm Repository of Sugarcane (NGRS) was explored by four-primer amplification-arrested mutation PCR (ARMS PCR) and somatic chromosome number counting. The amplified bands from SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131 were the same with those from S. officinarum clone Badila, i.e. a common band of 428 bp and a S. officinarum-specific band of 278 bp, hence they were tentatively assigned as S. officinarum clones. The other 20 SLC clones had both 278 bp (S. officinarum-specific) and 203 bp (S. spontaneum-specific) bands, which are hybrid characteristics. In addition, the chromosome numbers of SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131 are both 80, belong to typical S. officinarum. While the chromosome numbers of the other 20 materials are ranging from 101 to 129, consistent with hybrids of S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. This molecular cytological characterization indicates that among the 22 introduced SLC-series clones, only two, SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131, were S. officinarum. Future agronomic trait and resistance analyses could facilitate their use as crossing parents in sugarcane breeding.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"43 1","pages":"377 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89426213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1479262123000291
Hamama Guetteche, Ali Jarrar, Ines Khiyel, Narimane Djekkoun, Leila Rouabah, A. Rouabah, A. Benbelkacem, P. Nick
Abstract The characterisation of traditional barley varieties from North Africa is promising with respect to detect traits linked with resilience to drought. Nine Algerian barley varieties comprising the economically relevant local landraces Saïda183 and Tichedrett were genotyped by random amplifying polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to get insight into their phylogenetic relationship and to compare the efficiency of the two approaches. The SSR markers were chosen such that all chromosomes of barley were represented by at least one marker. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) of morpho-agronomical traits was conducted. We found that the phylogeny based on the RAPD markers reflected the geographical distribution of the tested varieties, while the phylogeny based on the SSR markers reflected the pedigree. Among the RAPD markers, the maximal polymorphism information content was obtained for BY14 with a value of 0.82, for the SSR markers, Bmg13 was most informative with a value of 0.60. The similarity matrix used to the construct the phylogenetic tree, inferred a close relationship (Jaccard Index 0.8 based on RAPD markers) between the accessions Fouara and Oued-Athmania occurring in close vicinity. The SSR markers group the autochthonous varieties Saïda183 and Tichedrett together with a Jaccard Index of 0.8. The close phylogenetic relationship between Saïda183 and Tichedrett is also supported by the PCA of morphological and agronomic traits. Our data underpin the diversity of Algerian barley varieties and lend support to the autochthonous origin of these two Algerian landraces.
{"title":"The popular Algerian barley landraces Saïda and Tichedrett are autochthonous – evidence from RAPD, SSR and agrophenological markers","authors":"Hamama Guetteche, Ali Jarrar, Ines Khiyel, Narimane Djekkoun, Leila Rouabah, A. Rouabah, A. Benbelkacem, P. Nick","doi":"10.1017/S1479262123000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262123000291","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The characterisation of traditional barley varieties from North Africa is promising with respect to detect traits linked with resilience to drought. Nine Algerian barley varieties comprising the economically relevant local landraces Saïda183 and Tichedrett were genotyped by random amplifying polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to get insight into their phylogenetic relationship and to compare the efficiency of the two approaches. The SSR markers were chosen such that all chromosomes of barley were represented by at least one marker. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) of morpho-agronomical traits was conducted. We found that the phylogeny based on the RAPD markers reflected the geographical distribution of the tested varieties, while the phylogeny based on the SSR markers reflected the pedigree. Among the RAPD markers, the maximal polymorphism information content was obtained for BY14 with a value of 0.82, for the SSR markers, Bmg13 was most informative with a value of 0.60. The similarity matrix used to the construct the phylogenetic tree, inferred a close relationship (Jaccard Index 0.8 based on RAPD markers) between the accessions Fouara and Oued-Athmania occurring in close vicinity. The SSR markers group the autochthonous varieties Saïda183 and Tichedrett together with a Jaccard Index of 0.8. The close phylogenetic relationship between Saïda183 and Tichedrett is also supported by the PCA of morphological and agronomic traits. Our data underpin the diversity of Algerian barley varieties and lend support to the autochthonous origin of these two Algerian landraces.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"57 1","pages":"394 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80823954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s147926212200020x
A. Tsivelikas, E. Avramidou, P. Ralli, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Theodoros Moysiadis, A. Kapazoglou, F. Aravanopoulos, A. Doulis
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a major worldwide crop of high economic importance, tightly interwoven with the traditions and the culture of many civilizations. The Greek vineyard is one of the oldest in the world composed of an ample number of highly diverse indigenous landraces. However, over the last decades the local cultivated grapevine germplasm has undergone a drastic reduction of diversity, due to the established market preferences for international varieties. In the current work a combined approach involving both, ampelographic traits and microsatellite markers has been undertaken, to study the genetic diversity within and among 96 grapevine genotypes belonging to 36 V. vinifera subsp. vinifera cultivars, predominantly representing autochthonous Greek landraces. Results revealed high genetic diversity for the Greek cultivars yielding a mean number of alleles per locus 14.69 and mean polymorphic information content 0.848. Hierarchical cluster analysis, employing both, ampelographic and microsatellite data, showed a clear distinction based on the origin of the germplasm; Anatolian versus Mediterranean. Principal component analysis, based on the most informative ampelographic traits, coupled to the results from genetic structure analysis further corroborated the proposal of germplasm differentiation on the basis of geographic origin. This information can be further utilized for the reconstitution of the Greek vineyard and can significantly contribute towards a rational conservation and utilization strategy for breeding or for direct cultivation of the Greek indigenous grapevine germplasm.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of Greek grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars using ampelographic and microsatellite markers","authors":"A. Tsivelikas, E. Avramidou, P. Ralli, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Theodoros Moysiadis, A. Kapazoglou, F. Aravanopoulos, A. Doulis","doi":"10.1017/s147926212200020x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147926212200020x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a major worldwide crop of high economic importance, tightly interwoven with the traditions and the culture of many civilizations. The Greek vineyard is one of the oldest in the world composed of an ample number of highly diverse indigenous landraces. However, over the last decades the local cultivated grapevine germplasm has undergone a drastic reduction of diversity, due to the established market preferences for international varieties. In the current work a combined approach involving both, ampelographic traits and microsatellite markers has been undertaken, to study the genetic diversity within and among 96 grapevine genotypes belonging to 36 V. vinifera subsp. vinifera cultivars, predominantly representing autochthonous Greek landraces. Results revealed high genetic diversity for the Greek cultivars yielding a mean number of alleles per locus 14.69 and mean polymorphic information content 0.848. Hierarchical cluster analysis, employing both, ampelographic and microsatellite data, showed a clear distinction based on the origin of the germplasm; Anatolian versus Mediterranean. Principal component analysis, based on the most informative ampelographic traits, coupled to the results from genetic structure analysis further corroborated the proposal of germplasm differentiation on the basis of geographic origin. This information can be further utilized for the reconstitution of the Greek vineyard and can significantly contribute towards a rational conservation and utilization strategy for breeding or for direct cultivation of the Greek indigenous grapevine germplasm.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81833133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s1479262123000448
{"title":"Reviewers’ List January 2022 to December 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"104 1","pages":"442 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76207896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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