Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000247
A. A. Gbotto, N. Yao, Mercy Kitavi, Sarah Osama, R. Habimana, K. K. Koffi, I. Zoro Bi
Being difficult to regenerate and maintain the seeds, the oleaginous bottle gourd was investigated using nine agromorphological traits and 31 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Specifically, the study was conducted to determine the intra-specific variability of a total of 173 accessions, which were identified from five agro-ecological regions from Côte d'Ivoire (Centre, East, North and South). Then, the genetic diversity and relationships within accessions were studied using AFLP markers. This characterization using both morphological and AFLP markers was realized in order to ultimately build a reliable core collection. The discriminant analysis, using nine quantitative traits, reveals plant length and seeds number per fruit as discriminating characteristics. From the accessions used for the agromorphological study, 148 were able to be differentiated by the AFLP markers. A range of 52 to 113 bands were amplified per primer combination. As revealed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 28% of the total variation resides among accessions and 72% occurs within populations. The AMOVA computed in order to differentiate cultivars, displayed the same trends when no prior grouping of accessions was considered. The differentiation within cultivar (97%) was more than that, among cultivars (3%). Tree topologies inferred by neighbour-joining analysis reflected no clear cut off grouping. To group accessions, we used a Bayesian clustering analysis which exhibited two clusters. Using the informativeness of the primer combinations analysed in the present study, an orientation was given for the choice of the accessions which would be used to build a core collection.
{"title":"Genetic characterization of oleaginous bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) germplasm from Côte d'Ivoire using agromorphological and molecular markers","authors":"A. A. Gbotto, N. Yao, Mercy Kitavi, Sarah Osama, R. Habimana, K. K. Koffi, I. Zoro Bi","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000247","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Being difficult to regenerate and maintain the seeds, the oleaginous bottle gourd was investigated using nine agromorphological traits and 31 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Specifically, the study was conducted to determine the intra-specific variability of a total of 173 accessions, which were identified from five agro-ecological regions from Côte d'Ivoire (Centre, East, North and South). Then, the genetic diversity and relationships within accessions were studied using AFLP markers. This characterization using both morphological and AFLP markers was realized in order to ultimately build a reliable core collection. The discriminant analysis, using nine quantitative traits, reveals plant length and seeds number per fruit as discriminating characteristics. From the accessions used for the agromorphological study, 148 were able to be differentiated by the AFLP markers. A range of 52 to 113 bands were amplified per primer combination. As revealed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 28% of the total variation resides among accessions and 72% occurs within populations. The AMOVA computed in order to differentiate cultivars, displayed the same trends when no prior grouping of accessions was considered. The differentiation within cultivar (97%) was more than that, among cultivars (3%). Tree topologies inferred by neighbour-joining analysis reflected no clear cut off grouping.\u0000 To group accessions, we used a Bayesian clustering analysis which exhibited two clusters. Using the informativeness of the primer combinations analysed in the present study, an orientation was given for the choice of the accessions which would be used to build a core collection.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78119281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000235
A. Alsaleh, E. Çakır, H. Bektaş, H. Ozkan
The members of the Aegilops genus serve as a vast pool of allele discovery for wheat improvement in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Aegilops mutica Boiss (Amblyopyrym muticum (Boiss) Eig) is an unexplored candidate with significant potential. Even though it has been used in cytogenetics applications within the last century, natural population diversity and allele discovery have been neglected. As an endemic species for Anatolia and the lower Caucasian region, it has an unexplored population structure. Here, seventy-five genotypes from five different newly collected populations from central Anatolia were evaluated with 29 polymorphic SSR loci. Significant diversity within (83%) and between (17%) the populations was obtained. Three of the populations were clearly separated, while two had some level of the mixture. Relatively easy cross-species hybridization and introgressions make Ae. mutica a good candidate for novel allele discovery and pre-breeding. Here, for the first time, representative natural populations of Ae. mutica were compared and population structures were revealed with SSR markers which may clear the misty vision that geneticists might have regarding Ae. mutica. This could be exploited in genetic resource conservation and breeding programs and maybe a point for further studies.
{"title":"Allelic diversity of a panel of Aegilops mutica Boiss (Amblyopyrym muticum (Boiss.) Eig) from Turkey","authors":"A. Alsaleh, E. Çakır, H. Bektaş, H. Ozkan","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The members of the Aegilops genus serve as a vast pool of allele discovery for wheat improvement in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Aegilops mutica Boiss (Amblyopyrym muticum (Boiss) Eig) is an unexplored candidate with significant potential. Even though it has been used in cytogenetics applications within the last century, natural population diversity and allele discovery have been neglected. As an endemic species for Anatolia and the lower Caucasian region, it has an unexplored population structure. Here, seventy-five genotypes from five different newly collected populations from central Anatolia were evaluated with 29 polymorphic SSR loci. Significant diversity within (83%) and between (17%) the populations was obtained. Three of the populations were clearly separated, while two had some level of the mixture. Relatively easy cross-species hybridization and introgressions make Ae. mutica a good candidate for novel allele discovery and pre-breeding. Here, for the first time, representative natural populations of Ae. mutica were compared and population structures were revealed with SSR markers which may clear the misty vision that geneticists might have regarding Ae. mutica. This could be exploited in genetic resource conservation and breeding programs and maybe a point for further studies.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84990217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000211
Li-Juan Yang, Xiang-Fen Zhang, Yan-Qi Dong, Yue-Ting Zheng, Jin-Xia Zhang, Yi He, Xiu-Fang Tan, Zhi-Kai Jiang, Hua-Ping Ma
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) contribute to dough elasticity and bread baking quality in wheat. In this study, wheat varieties were classified based on their HMW-GS composition into three groups: 1Dx5 (5 + 10, Gaoyou 8901, Xinmai 28, Xinmai 19, Xinmai 26 and Jinbaoyin), 1Dx2 (2 + 12, Zhoumai 24, Xinmai 9 and Yumai) and 1Dx4 (4 + 12, Aikang 58). Sequence analysis showed that 1Dx-GY8901, 1Dx-XM28, 1Dx-XM19 and 1Dx-XM26 were similar to the 1Dx5 gene and clustered on the same branch, while 1Dx-AK58, 1Dx-ZM24, 1Dx-JBY, 1Dx-YM, 1Dx-XM9 and 1Dx-JBY were more similar to the 1Dx2 gene and clustered on the same branch with 1Dx.2.2. There was a mutation of Ser to Cys at position S2, for an extra Cys in the repeat regions of 1Dx-XM19, 1Dx-XM26, 1Dx-XM28 and 1Dx-GY8901. The wheat HMW-GS genes exhibited similar percentages of α-helix, extended strand, β-turn and random coil structure, with ranges of 13.33–13.59, 4.77–5.78, 7.08–9.18 and 72.3–73.94%, respectively. Sequence conservation and the composition of HMW-GS subunits were also analysed for a series of strong gluten wheat varieties, Xinmai 9 (1, 7 + 8, 2 + 12), Xinmai 19 (1, 7 + 9, 5 + 10), Xinmai 26 (1, 7 + 8, 5 + 10) and Xinmai 28 (1, 7 + 9, 5 + 10). The results of this work should facilitate future breeding efforts and provide the theoretical basis for wheat quality improvement.
{"title":"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of 1Dx-type HMW-GS genes from different wheat varieties","authors":"Li-Juan Yang, Xiang-Fen Zhang, Yan-Qi Dong, Yue-Ting Zheng, Jin-Xia Zhang, Yi He, Xiu-Fang Tan, Zhi-Kai Jiang, Hua-Ping Ma","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) contribute to dough elasticity and bread baking quality in wheat. In this study, wheat varieties were classified based on their HMW-GS composition into three groups: 1Dx5 (5 + 10, Gaoyou 8901, Xinmai 28, Xinmai 19, Xinmai 26 and Jinbaoyin), 1Dx2 (2 + 12, Zhoumai 24, Xinmai 9 and Yumai) and 1Dx4 (4 + 12, Aikang 58). Sequence analysis showed that 1Dx-GY8901, 1Dx-XM28, 1Dx-XM19 and 1Dx-XM26 were similar to the 1Dx5 gene and clustered on the same branch, while 1Dx-AK58, 1Dx-ZM24, 1Dx-JBY, 1Dx-YM, 1Dx-XM9 and 1Dx-JBY were more similar to the 1Dx2 gene and clustered on the same branch with 1Dx.2.2. There was a mutation of Ser to Cys at position S2, for an extra Cys in the repeat regions of 1Dx-XM19, 1Dx-XM26, 1Dx-XM28 and 1Dx-GY8901. The wheat HMW-GS genes exhibited similar percentages of α-helix, extended strand, β-turn and random coil structure, with ranges of 13.33–13.59, 4.77–5.78, 7.08–9.18 and 72.3–73.94%, respectively. Sequence conservation and the composition of HMW-GS subunits were also analysed for a series of strong gluten wheat varieties, Xinmai 9 (1, 7 + 8, 2 + 12), Xinmai 19 (1, 7 + 9, 5 + 10), Xinmai 26 (1, 7 + 8, 5 + 10) and Xinmai 28 (1, 7 + 9, 5 + 10). The results of this work should facilitate future breeding efforts and provide the theoretical basis for wheat quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79990426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000223
S. Adhikari, A. Joshi, Amarjeet Kumar, N. Singh, J. Jaiswal, A. S. Jeena, U. Pant
Teosinte, the wild progenitor of maize, has immense potential for providing unique traits and is more divergent compared to inbred lines and landraces. One hundred and sixty-nine teosinte-introgressed maize backcross inbred lines were developed to widen the genetic base of maize with predomestication alleles. The population was evaluated phenotypically and genotypic data of 76 SSR markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing the targeted traits. Sixty-six QTLs were detected for eight plant architect-related traits that are spread over 10 different chromosomes with phenotypic variation ranging from 2.29 to 13.97%. Maximum three stable QTLs were recorded for days to anthesis (DA) followed by two for days to silking (DS), plant height (PH) and node bearing first ear (NBE). For rest of three traits namely flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW) and ears per plant (E/P) only one stable QTL was detected. Among the 16 common QTLs, the marker phi328178-linked QTL governed four characters (DA, DS, FLL, FLW) simultaneously, followed by umc1622-linked (ASI, FLW, E/P), umc2341-linked (DA, DS, NBE) and phi075-linked QTLs (ASI, PH, NBE) controlling three traits each. Remaining 12 QTLs controlled two characters. Molecular association between co-localized QTLs for different traits was also validated at the phenotypic level by significant correlation estimates. For eight studied traits, 53 superior lines were identified which along with parents (teosinte and maize inbred DI-103) were grouped into 12 clusters. Therefore, lines clustered independently can be combined to accumulate desirable traits for the improvement of maize.
{"title":"Developing genetic resources and genetic analysis of plant architecture-related traits in teosinte-introgressed maize populations","authors":"S. Adhikari, A. Joshi, Amarjeet Kumar, N. Singh, J. Jaiswal, A. S. Jeena, U. Pant","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Teosinte, the wild progenitor of maize, has immense potential for providing unique traits and is more divergent compared to inbred lines and landraces. One hundred and sixty-nine teosinte-introgressed maize backcross inbred lines were developed to widen the genetic base of maize with predomestication alleles. The population was evaluated phenotypically and genotypic data of 76 SSR markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing the targeted traits. Sixty-six QTLs were detected for eight plant architect-related traits that are spread over 10 different chromosomes with phenotypic variation ranging from 2.29 to 13.97%. Maximum three stable QTLs were recorded for days to anthesis (DA) followed by two for days to silking (DS), plant height (PH) and node bearing first ear (NBE). For rest of three traits namely flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW) and ears per plant (E/P) only one stable QTL was detected. Among the 16 common QTLs, the marker phi328178-linked QTL governed four characters (DA, DS, FLL, FLW) simultaneously, followed by umc1622-linked (ASI, FLW, E/P), umc2341-linked (DA, DS, NBE) and phi075-linked QTLs (ASI, PH, NBE) controlling three traits each. Remaining 12 QTLs controlled two characters. Molecular association between co-localized QTLs for different traits was also validated at the phenotypic level by significant correlation estimates. For eight studied traits, 53 superior lines were identified which along with parents (teosinte and maize inbred DI-103) were grouped into 12 clusters. Therefore, lines clustered independently can be combined to accumulate desirable traits for the improvement of maize.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83164144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000181
Yadhira C. Ortiz-Covarrubias, M. M. Orozco-Sifuentes, Dulce V. Mendoza-Rodríguez, José A. Villlarreal-Quintanilla, Octavio Martínez, Fernando Hernández-Godínez, María de Jesús Jáuregui-González, M. Reyes-Valdés
The Dasylirion genus is highly represented in the arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico and USA, playing important ecological and economical roles. Inferring the evolutionary patterns of this group will eventually facilitate understanding biological phenomena and outlining conservation and usage strategies. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on two chloroplast DNA regions: maturase-K gene (matK) and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL). We constructed a phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood with GTR as the sequence substitution model and a relaxed clock, inferred diversification patterns by lineage through time and explored the diversification rates of Dasylirion by the Yule model. The study included 11 species of the genus, which represent 50% of all its known species. We used two calibration points to date the tree, one based on fossil records of Acorus gramineus, and the other on the estimated stem age of the Yucca genus. The combined sequences of the two partial genes comprised 1455 bp and 18 polymorphic sites. We estimated an average substitution rate of 0.0005 nucleotide per million years for the concatenated DNA sequences. The molecular dating analysis estimated that the Dasylirion genus appeared more than 5.46 million years ago, with a rate of diversification of 0.0466 net speciation events per million years. The estimated age represents a lower bound, since not all Dasylirion species are included. These findings are consistent with other origin and diversification hypotheses for arid-land Asparagaceae in the Mexican highlands as a result of geomorphological events in North America.
{"title":"Phylogeny, origin and diversification of the Dasylirion genus based on matK and rbcL sequences","authors":"Yadhira C. Ortiz-Covarrubias, M. M. Orozco-Sifuentes, Dulce V. Mendoza-Rodríguez, José A. Villlarreal-Quintanilla, Octavio Martínez, Fernando Hernández-Godínez, María de Jesús Jáuregui-González, M. Reyes-Valdés","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Dasylirion genus is highly represented in the arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico and USA, playing important ecological and economical roles. Inferring the evolutionary patterns of this group will eventually facilitate understanding biological phenomena and outlining conservation and usage strategies. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on two chloroplast DNA regions: maturase-K gene (matK) and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL). We constructed a phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood with GTR as the sequence substitution model and a relaxed clock, inferred diversification patterns by lineage through time and explored the diversification rates of Dasylirion by the Yule model. The study included 11 species of the genus, which represent 50% of all its known species. We used two calibration points to date the tree, one based on fossil records of Acorus gramineus, and the other on the estimated stem age of the Yucca genus. The combined sequences of the two partial genes comprised 1455 bp and 18 polymorphic sites. We estimated an average substitution rate of 0.0005 nucleotide per million years for the concatenated DNA sequences. The molecular dating analysis estimated that the Dasylirion genus appeared more than 5.46 million years ago, with a rate of diversification of 0.0466 net speciation events per million years. The estimated age represents a lower bound, since not all Dasylirion species are included. These findings are consistent with other origin and diversification hypotheses for arid-land Asparagaceae in the Mexican highlands as a result of geomorphological events in North America.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78443817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1017/s147926212200017x
Chainika Gupta, R. Salgotra, R. Alvarez Venegas, Reetika Mahajan, Umang Koul
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a highly economically important crop worldwide and a particularly important source of protein and minerals for people in less developed countries. Improving yield is a vital objective to meet the increasing demand for food due to the expanding human population. The present study was undertaken to study the genetic architecture of agronomic traits of common bean in India, particularly in the north-western Himalayan region. Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis was performed in a population of 100 common bean accessions using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Population structure analysis based on SSR markers divided the accessions into three main subpopulations. Ten significant MTAs were found using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) approaches. We found two markers i.e. BM142 and J04555 associated with 100 seed weight and pods per plant common in both the GLM and MLM approach markers. All the MTAs were considered as major MTAs contributing more than 25% phenotypic variation. The significant quantitative trait loci identified in this study could be used in marker-assisted breeding to accelerate the genetic improvement of yield and development of high yielding common beans lines.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and marker trait association for yield attributing traits in accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in India","authors":"Chainika Gupta, R. Salgotra, R. Alvarez Venegas, Reetika Mahajan, Umang Koul","doi":"10.1017/s147926212200017x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147926212200017x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a highly economically important crop worldwide and a particularly important source of protein and minerals for people in less developed countries. Improving yield is a vital objective to meet the increasing demand for food due to the expanding human population. The present study was undertaken to study the genetic architecture of agronomic traits of common bean in India, particularly in the north-western Himalayan region. Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis was performed in a population of 100 common bean accessions using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Population structure analysis based on SSR markers divided the accessions into three main subpopulations. Ten significant MTAs were found using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) approaches. We found two markers i.e. BM142 and J04555 associated with 100 seed weight and pods per plant common in both the GLM and MLM approach markers. All the MTAs were considered as major MTAs contributing more than 25% phenotypic variation. The significant quantitative trait loci identified in this study could be used in marker-assisted breeding to accelerate the genetic improvement of yield and development of high yielding common beans lines.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80015953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000168
Aminata Ganeme, C. Kondombo, L. Raboin, J. Dusserre, Roger Kaboré, M. Adam, S. Traoré
Sorghum is an important staple crop in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, sorghum is mainly intercropped with cowpea, but these intercropping systems are facing low-productivity problems. The overall aim of this research was to identify sorghum varieties with different agro-morphological and physiological traits that could improve the performance of the intercropping systems. We followed a two-step methodology comprising (i) identification of varieties and plant traits of interest in intercropping systems, using participatory methods, and (ii) agro-morpho-physiological characterization of 50 sorghum varieties, to examine the range of variation in traits of interest. The results show that landraces are the varieties most widely used by farmers, and that 82.5% of farmers consider the variety type they choose for intercropping to be important. Farmers mentioned plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter as important traits to consider. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between varieties for half of the 24 agro-morpho-physiological traits studied. Hierarchical clustering identified three main groups of varieties, distinguished by morphological traits such as stem diameter, total number and size of leaves (group 1), root traits (depth, growth angle, dry matter) and relative chlorophyll content (groups 2 and 3). Based on this classification, we recommend several varieties from each of the three groups, exhibiting contrasting traits, for an assessment of their performances in intercropping systems.
{"title":"Characterizing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) varieties diversity to identify those with contrasting traits of interest for intercropping systems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa","authors":"Aminata Ganeme, C. Kondombo, L. Raboin, J. Dusserre, Roger Kaboré, M. Adam, S. Traoré","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sorghum is an important staple crop in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, sorghum is mainly intercropped with cowpea, but these intercropping systems are facing low-productivity problems. The overall aim of this research was to identify sorghum varieties with different agro-morphological and physiological traits that could improve the performance of the intercropping systems. We followed a two-step methodology comprising (i) identification of varieties and plant traits of interest in intercropping systems, using participatory methods, and (ii) agro-morpho-physiological characterization of 50 sorghum varieties, to examine the range of variation in traits of interest. The results show that landraces are the varieties most widely used by farmers, and that 82.5% of farmers consider the variety type they choose for intercropping to be important. Farmers mentioned plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter as important traits to consider. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between varieties for half of the 24 agro-morpho-physiological traits studied. Hierarchical clustering identified three main groups of varieties, distinguished by morphological traits such as stem diameter, total number and size of leaves (group 1), root traits (depth, growth angle, dry matter) and relative chlorophyll content (groups 2 and 3). Based on this classification, we recommend several varieties from each of the three groups, exhibiting contrasting traits, for an assessment of their performances in intercropping systems.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84739700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000144
Talavar Basavaraja, L. Manjunatha, R. Chandora, Mohar Singh, S. Rathod, Vikas Dubey, Kanishka R. C., F. Singh, N. P. Singh
Assessing genetic diversity and identifying trait-specific germplasm within germplasm collections is necessary for a varietal development programme. Agronomic features were investigated in 318 diverse dry bean germplasm accessions, including check varieties. We observed a lot of genetic variability for the traits studied. A wide range of variations was noticed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod length, the number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight (HSW). For eight of the agronomic features evaluated, the analysis of variance revealed substantial differences among the accessions. For all characters, phenotypic coefficient of variation estimations were more significant than genotypic coefficient of variation. Plant height, days to 50% flowering, seed yield (q/ha) and HSW had high heritability and genetic advance as a per cent of the mean. Association analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between HSW, plant height, pod length and seed yield (q/ha). According to a hierarchical clustering analysis based on agronomic features, the diversity of dry bean germplasm has no significant association with their geographical origin. The number of pods per plant, plant height, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and seed yield had relatively long vectors based on principal components 1 and 2, indicating that genotypes differ significantly. Additionally, the trait-specific donors and bean common mosaic virus disease-resistant accessions, IC360831, ET4515, EC150250, IC340947, IC564797B, EC565693 and ET8409 could be of value for dry bean improvement.
{"title":"Assessment of phenotypic diversity and multi-locational screening against bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) disease resistance in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm","authors":"Talavar Basavaraja, L. Manjunatha, R. Chandora, Mohar Singh, S. Rathod, Vikas Dubey, Kanishka R. C., F. Singh, N. P. Singh","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Assessing genetic diversity and identifying trait-specific germplasm within germplasm collections is necessary for a varietal development programme. Agronomic features were investigated in 318 diverse dry bean germplasm accessions, including check varieties. We observed a lot of genetic variability for the traits studied. A wide range of variations was noticed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod length, the number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight (HSW). For eight of the agronomic features evaluated, the analysis of variance revealed substantial differences among the accessions. For all characters, phenotypic coefficient of variation estimations were more significant than genotypic coefficient of variation. Plant height, days to 50% flowering, seed yield (q/ha) and HSW had high heritability and genetic advance as a per cent of the mean. Association analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between HSW, plant height, pod length and seed yield (q/ha). According to a hierarchical clustering analysis based on agronomic features, the diversity of dry bean germplasm has no significant association with their geographical origin. The number of pods per plant, plant height, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and seed yield had relatively long vectors based on principal components 1 and 2, indicating that genotypes differ significantly. Additionally, the trait-specific donors and bean common mosaic virus disease-resistant accessions, IC360831, ET4515, EC150250, IC340947, IC564797B, EC565693 and ET8409 could be of value for dry bean improvement.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"84 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87663112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000132
Monika Singh, Kushaldeep Kaur, Shilpi Sharma, Aparna Paliwal, Mamta Singh, Raghavendra Aminedi, V. Kaur, G. Randhawa
In India, the restriction of genetically modified (GM) crops and derived products not approved in the country necessitates surveillance for transgene(s) in plant material/products imported into the country. CDC Triffid expressing acetolactate synthase (ALS) conferring tolerance to sulphonylurea herbicide is the only GM flax event that has got approval in Canada in 1990s and subsequently deregistered in 2001. In spite of deregistration, the unexpected and unauthorized detection of traces of GM flax in the consignments imported from Canada to Europe has further necessitated the stringent monitoring of flax shipments from Canada for suspected GM incidents. This study reports on the detection of transgenic elements being present in GM flax employing polymerase chain reaction assays, in a set of 123 flaxseed accessions imported from Canada for research purpose. Based on the tests conducted, none of the transgenic elements, namely, nos promoter (P-nos), nos terminator (T-nos), nptII marker gene, ALS transgene, as present in the GM flax CDC Triffid were detected in any of the tested accessions. The well-known herbicide tolerance gene cp4-epsps, being employed in Roundup® Ready events of other crops, was also not detected in these samples. This case study has demonstrated the importance of monitoring the presence of transgene(s) in flaxseed imports, and such studies need to be carried out for the imported seeds from the country where GM events of respective crop are being approved whereas they have not been approved in the country of import as a part of precautionary approach.
{"title":"Assessment of risk of GM contamination in flaxseed accessions imported from Canada: a case study to restrict the unauthorized GM events from entering India","authors":"Monika Singh, Kushaldeep Kaur, Shilpi Sharma, Aparna Paliwal, Mamta Singh, Raghavendra Aminedi, V. Kaur, G. Randhawa","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In India, the restriction of genetically modified (GM) crops and derived products not approved in the country necessitates surveillance for transgene(s) in plant material/products imported into the country. CDC Triffid expressing acetolactate synthase (ALS) conferring tolerance to sulphonylurea herbicide is the only GM flax event that has got approval in Canada in 1990s and subsequently deregistered in 2001. In spite of deregistration, the unexpected and unauthorized detection of traces of GM flax in the consignments imported from Canada to Europe has further necessitated the stringent monitoring of flax shipments from Canada for suspected GM incidents. This study reports on the detection of transgenic elements being present in GM flax employing polymerase chain reaction assays, in a set of 123 flaxseed accessions imported from Canada for research purpose. Based on the tests conducted, none of the transgenic elements, namely, nos promoter (P-nos), nos terminator (T-nos), nptII marker gene, ALS transgene, as present in the GM flax CDC Triffid were detected in any of the tested accessions. The well-known herbicide tolerance gene cp4-epsps, being employed in Roundup® Ready events of other crops, was also not detected in these samples. This case study has demonstrated the importance of monitoring the presence of transgene(s) in flaxseed imports, and such studies need to be carried out for the imported seeds from the country where GM events of respective crop are being approved whereas they have not been approved in the country of import as a part of precautionary approach.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73098378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.1017/s1479262122000107
M. Raffo, G. Azzimonti, S. Pereyra, C. Pritsch, B. Lado, S. Dreisigacker, M. Quincke, A. Castro, P. Silva, R. Garcia, F. Pereira, S. Germán
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and stem rust (SR) threaten the sustainability of wheat production worldwide. Fhb1 and Sr2 confer partial durable resistance to FHB and SR, respectively. Despite resistant alleles of both genes are linked in repulsion, lines with Fhb1-Sr2 in coupling were developed at the University of Minnesota, USA. Marker-assisted backcrossing was used to incorporate the coupled Fhb1-Sr2 into four elite INIA-Uruguay spring wheat varieties lacking both genes and expressing different levels of FHB and SR resistance. In each case, the initial cross between the donor line and recurrent parent was backcrossed three times. Genotypes carrying Fhb1-Sr2 were selected using the molecular marker UMN10. In BC3F3 families, retention of Fhb1-Sr2 was further confirmed with the markers SNP3BS-8 and Sr2-ger9 for Fhb1 and Sr2, respectively. BC3F3 homozygous lines contrasting at UMN10, SNP3BS-8 and Sr2-ger9 were obtained to quantify the effect of Fhb1-Sr2 on the resistance to FHB under controlled conditions and to SR under field conditions. After 26 months period, successful introgression of Fhb1-Sr2 into the four cultivars was achieved, representing novel wheat genetic resources. Lines homozygous for the resistant alleles of Fhb1 were significantly more resistant to FHB as reflected by an 18% reduction of average FHB area under the disease progress curve. A significant effect of Sr2 on SR field resistance was observed in lines derived from the most susceptible cultivar ‘Génesis 2375’. The most resistant lines to both diseases are expected to be valuable genetic resources in breeding for durable resistance to FHB and SR.
小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)和茎锈病(stem rust, SR)威胁着全球小麦生产的可持续性。Fhb1和Sr2分别赋予对FHB和SR的部分持久抗性。尽管这两个基因的抗性等位基因在排斥中联系在一起，但美国明尼苏达大学开发了Fhb1-Sr2偶联的系。利用标记辅助回交技术，将Fhb1-Sr2偶联基因整合到4个缺乏Fhb1-Sr2基因且表达不同水平FHB和SR抗性的inia -乌拉圭春小麦优良品种中。在每种情况下，供体系和复发亲本之间的初始杂交都进行了三次回交。利用分子标记UMN10选择携带Fhb1-Sr2的基因型。在BC3F3家族中，Fhb1-Sr2的保留进一步被标记物SNP3BS-8和Sr2-ger9分别证实。获得UMN10、SNP3BS-8和Sr2-ger9的BC3F3纯合子，定量Fhb1-Sr2在对照条件下和田间条件下对赤霉病抗性的影响。经过26个月的时间，Fhb1-Sr2基因成功导入4个品种，代表了小麦的新遗传资源。Fhb1抗性等位基因的纯合子系对FHB的抗性显著增强，这反映在疾病进展曲线下平均FHB面积减少18%。在Sr2对SR田间抗性有显著影响的品种“gsamnesis 2375”中观察到。对这两种疾病的抗性最强的品系有望成为对赤霉病和SR的持久抗性育种的宝贵遗传资源。
{"title":"Introgression of the coupled Fhb1-Sr2 to increase Fusarium head blight and stem rust resistance of elite wheat cultivars","authors":"M. Raffo, G. Azzimonti, S. Pereyra, C. Pritsch, B. Lado, S. Dreisigacker, M. Quincke, A. Castro, P. Silva, R. Garcia, F. Pereira, S. Germán","doi":"10.1017/s1479262122000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262122000107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fusarium head blight (FHB) and stem rust (SR) threaten the sustainability of wheat production worldwide. Fhb1 and Sr2 confer partial durable resistance to FHB and SR, respectively. Despite resistant alleles of both genes are linked in repulsion, lines with Fhb1-Sr2 in coupling were developed at the University of Minnesota, USA. Marker-assisted backcrossing was used to incorporate the coupled Fhb1-Sr2 into four elite INIA-Uruguay spring wheat varieties lacking both genes and expressing different levels of FHB and SR resistance. In each case, the initial cross between the donor line and recurrent parent was backcrossed three times. Genotypes carrying Fhb1-Sr2 were selected using the molecular marker UMN10. In BC3F3 families, retention of Fhb1-Sr2 was further confirmed with the markers SNP3BS-8 and Sr2-ger9 for Fhb1 and Sr2, respectively. BC3F3 homozygous lines contrasting at UMN10, SNP3BS-8 and Sr2-ger9 were obtained to quantify the effect of Fhb1-Sr2 on the resistance to FHB under controlled conditions and to SR under field conditions. After 26 months period, successful introgression of Fhb1-Sr2 into the four cultivars was achieved, representing novel wheat genetic resources. Lines homozygous for the resistant alleles of Fhb1 were significantly more resistant to FHB as reflected by an 18% reduction of average FHB area under the disease progress curve. A significant effect of Sr2 on SR field resistance was observed in lines derived from the most susceptible cultivar ‘Génesis 2375’. The most resistant lines to both diseases are expected to be valuable genetic resources in breeding for durable resistance to FHB and SR.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77948974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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