Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791700800201
M. Islam, N. Isa, A. Yahaya
Palm oil based polyester (POPE) reinforced with montmorillonite nano clays (MNCs) were investigated for curing kinetics and hydrolytic degradation analysis. Alcoholises and esterification process were followed to produce POPE. The prepared resins were cured thermally by using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), styrene and cobalt-naphthenate at 120°C. The curing kinetics was analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The rate of reaction, activation energy and degree of conversion were measured by this analysis. The activation energy and reaction order were found to be decreased due to increase of heating rate of the curing process. Alkali solution was used for the hydrolytic degradation for different samples prepared at different curing conditions such as low period-high temperature (LPHT) and high period-low temperature (HPLT). The properties were affected due to the variation of curing process as confirmed by degradation behaviours in terms of tensile strength, melting point and surface morphology. The degradation of the composites were influential and faster at LPHT condition compared to HPLT condition.
{"title":"Effect of Curing on Hydrolytic Degradation of Montmorillonite Nanoclays Filled Biobased Polyesters","authors":"M. Islam, N. Isa, A. Yahaya","doi":"10.1177/204124791700800201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791700800201","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil based polyester (POPE) reinforced with montmorillonite nano clays (MNCs) were investigated for curing kinetics and hydrolytic degradation analysis. Alcoholises and esterification process were followed to produce POPE. The prepared resins were cured thermally by using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), styrene and cobalt-naphthenate at 120°C. The curing kinetics was analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The rate of reaction, activation energy and degree of conversion were measured by this analysis. The activation energy and reaction order were found to be decreased due to increase of heating rate of the curing process. Alkali solution was used for the hydrolytic degradation for different samples prepared at different curing conditions such as low period-high temperature (LPHT) and high period-low temperature (HPLT). The properties were affected due to the variation of curing process as confirmed by degradation behaviours in terms of tensile strength, melting point and surface morphology. The degradation of the composites were influential and faster at LPHT condition compared to HPLT condition.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791700800201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48889903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791700800203
S. Dixit, R. Goel, Akash Dubey, P. Shivhare, Tanmay Bhalavi
Availability of natural fibre, low cost and ease of manufacturing have urged the attention of researchers towards the possibility of reinforcement of natural fibre to improve their mechanical properties and study the extent to which they satisfy the required specifications of good reinforced polymer composite for industrial and structural applications. The chemically treated natural fibre shows better improvement in properties than untreated fibres. The chemically treated natural fibre has improved interfacial adhesion between fibre surface and polymer matrix. Natural fibre reinforcements have shown better results in impact toughness and fatigue strength. This review aims at explaining about the research and development in the improvement in properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites along with its application.
{"title":"Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials - A Review","authors":"S. Dixit, R. Goel, Akash Dubey, P. Shivhare, Tanmay Bhalavi","doi":"10.1177/204124791700800203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791700800203","url":null,"abstract":"Availability of natural fibre, low cost and ease of manufacturing have urged the attention of researchers towards the possibility of reinforcement of natural fibre to improve their mechanical properties and study the extent to which they satisfy the required specifications of good reinforced polymer composite for industrial and structural applications. The chemically treated natural fibre shows better improvement in properties than untreated fibres. The chemically treated natural fibre has improved interfacial adhesion between fibre surface and polymer matrix. Natural fibre reinforcements have shown better results in impact toughness and fatigue strength. This review aims at explaining about the research and development in the improvement in properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites along with its application.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791700800203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49143568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791700800101
Justin J. Kosalka, G. Sacripante, A. Lough, D. Foucher, Robert A. Gossage
The synthesis and full characterisation, including in one case via single crystal X-ray diffraction, of two novel bio-derived aromatic monomers are reported. These materials, incorporating a Eugenol or Vanillin molecular skeleton are modified to incorporate diol chains obtained from reaction with glycerine carbonate. They are further characterised by the presence of other groups (e.g., allyl) which are also capable of engendering polymerisation. Facile heat induced self-polymerization is noted in one of the new monomers. The compounds are further tested in block co-polymer synthesis and found to form blocks with simple co-monomers such as succinic acid.
{"title":"Biomass Utilisation Strategies for Applications in Novel Polymer and Polymer Resin Production","authors":"Justin J. Kosalka, G. Sacripante, A. Lough, D. Foucher, Robert A. Gossage","doi":"10.1177/204124791700800101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791700800101","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis and full characterisation, including in one case via single crystal X-ray diffraction, of two novel bio-derived aromatic monomers are reported. These materials, incorporating a Eugenol or Vanillin molecular skeleton are modified to incorporate diol chains obtained from reaction with glycerine carbonate. They are further characterised by the presence of other groups (e.g., allyl) which are also capable of engendering polymerisation. Facile heat induced self-polymerization is noted in one of the new monomers. The compounds are further tested in block co-polymer synthesis and found to form blocks with simple co-monomers such as succinic acid.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791700800101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41549383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791700800102
C. Andreuccetti, T. Galicia-García, R. González‐Núñez, F. Martínez-Bustos, C. Grosso
Samples of native gelatin and gelatin modified by acylation and esterification were processed by casting and thermoplastic extrusion to produce laminated and tubular films. Extruded films containing sorbitol showed homogeneity and flexibility. Thinner films were obtained with the addition of sorbitol to the formulation. Tubular films prepared from gelatin modified with stearic acid were easily processed, had reduced friction, and were able to withstand bubble formation without fracturing after preparation. Films prepared by casting or thermoplastic techniques showed a decrease in tensile strength with the addition of plasticizer, and this also resulted in a substantial increase in their elongation ratio. The stearic acid modified gelatin-based films processed by blown extrusion showed higher tensile strength. Films fabricated by casting were, in general, less soluble than those prepared by extrusion except the films modified with stearic acid with or without the addition of plasticizer.
{"title":"Native and Modified Gelatin Films Produced by Casting, Extrusion, and Blowing Extrusion Processes","authors":"C. Andreuccetti, T. Galicia-García, R. González‐Núñez, F. Martínez-Bustos, C. Grosso","doi":"10.1177/204124791700800102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791700800102","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of native gelatin and gelatin modified by acylation and esterification were processed by casting and thermoplastic extrusion to produce laminated and tubular films. Extruded films containing sorbitol showed homogeneity and flexibility. Thinner films were obtained with the addition of sorbitol to the formulation. Tubular films prepared from gelatin modified with stearic acid were easily processed, had reduced friction, and were able to withstand bubble formation without fracturing after preparation. Films prepared by casting or thermoplastic techniques showed a decrease in tensile strength with the addition of plasticizer, and this also resulted in a substantial increase in their elongation ratio. The stearic acid modified gelatin-based films processed by blown extrusion showed higher tensile strength. Films fabricated by casting were, in general, less soluble than those prepared by extrusion except the films modified with stearic acid with or without the addition of plasticizer.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791700800102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47864154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791700800103
M. Maya, S. C. George, Thomasukutty Jose, M. Sreekala, Sabu Thomas
Natural fibres are a good reinforcing material. Among the various natural fibres, sisal fibre is of particular interest, since its composites have high impact strength besides having moderate tensile and flexural properties compared to other ligno-cellulosic fibres. Sisal fibre is a promising reinforcement for use in composites on account of its low cost, low density, high specific strength and modulus, no health hazards, easy availability in some countries and renewability. The present work focused on the recent developments in the field of sisal fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites with reference to the properties of sisal fibre, processing techniques, and the physical and mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical properties of the composites show much improvement by the addition of sisal fibre of optimum fibre length 40 mm and fibre loading 54 wt%. The better fibre matrix interaction is shown by sisal-PF containing 54 wt%. The comparison with other natural fibres shows that sisal fibre is a good reinforcing agent in PF matrix. Flexural strength and impact strength of the composites were examined and are increased with increasing the fibre content. Ageing studies of the composites showed a similar trend to that of un-aged samples. Interestingly, water absorption test results show that composite with 54 wt% fibre loading have good interaction with the matrix and contains less voids.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Short Sisal Fibre Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Eco-Friendly Composites","authors":"M. Maya, S. C. George, Thomasukutty Jose, M. Sreekala, Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.1177/204124791700800103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791700800103","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fibres are a good reinforcing material. Among the various natural fibres, sisal fibre is of particular interest, since its composites have high impact strength besides having moderate tensile and flexural properties compared to other ligno-cellulosic fibres. Sisal fibre is a promising reinforcement for use in composites on account of its low cost, low density, high specific strength and modulus, no health hazards, easy availability in some countries and renewability. The present work focused on the recent developments in the field of sisal fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites with reference to the properties of sisal fibre, processing techniques, and the physical and mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical properties of the composites show much improvement by the addition of sisal fibre of optimum fibre length 40 mm and fibre loading 54 wt%. The better fibre matrix interaction is shown by sisal-PF containing 54 wt%. The comparison with other natural fibres shows that sisal fibre is a good reinforcing agent in PF matrix. Flexural strength and impact strength of the composites were examined and are increased with increasing the fibre content. Ageing studies of the composites showed a similar trend to that of un-aged samples. Interestingly, water absorption test results show that composite with 54 wt% fibre loading have good interaction with the matrix and contains less voids.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791700800103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791600700402
S. M. Mousavi, A. Aghili, S. Hashemi, N. Goudarzian, Z. Bakhoda, S. Baseri
Surface modification of linear low-density-polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA), and clay nanoparticles composite films was promoted by potassium permanganate solutions in HCl acidic medium using eight conditions by variation times and temperature, also concentrated oxidation solution of LLDPE and EVA blend films shows a very good clarity and tensile properties, this property can be improved by adding the clay nanoparticles as a filler in the composite. The influence of electron beams (EB) irradiation and amount of clay nanoparticles loading on the overall properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) /ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends was investigated. Samples were subjected to the EB irradiation with the dose values of 75 and 150kGy, afterwards mechanical and thermal properties of the LLDPE/EVA blends with and without clay nanoparticles at different irradiation dosages were utilized in order to analyze the characteristics of the final composite. These enhanced properties are due to the homogenize dispersion of Clay nanoparticles in LLDPE matrix. Moreover, in order to verify these characteristics and compare composite samples with and without Clay nanoparticles (Cloisites 30B), some tests such as DSC, TGA, PSA, SEM and Optical Micrographs (OM) were taken from the samples.
{"title":"Improved Morphology and Properties of Nanocomposites, Linear Low Density Polyethylene, Ethylene-Co-Vinyl Acetate and Nano Clay Particles by Electron Beam","authors":"S. M. Mousavi, A. Aghili, S. Hashemi, N. Goudarzian, Z. Bakhoda, S. Baseri","doi":"10.1177/204124791600700402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791600700402","url":null,"abstract":"Surface modification of linear low-density-polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA), and clay nanoparticles composite films was promoted by potassium permanganate solutions in HCl acidic medium using eight conditions by variation times and temperature, also concentrated oxidation solution of LLDPE and EVA blend films shows a very good clarity and tensile properties, this property can be improved by adding the clay nanoparticles as a filler in the composite. The influence of electron beams (EB) irradiation and amount of clay nanoparticles loading on the overall properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) /ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends was investigated. Samples were subjected to the EB irradiation with the dose values of 75 and 150kGy, afterwards mechanical and thermal properties of the LLDPE/EVA blends with and without clay nanoparticles at different irradiation dosages were utilized in order to analyze the characteristics of the final composite. These enhanced properties are due to the homogenize dispersion of Clay nanoparticles in LLDPE matrix. Moreover, in order to verify these characteristics and compare composite samples with and without Clay nanoparticles (Cloisites 30B), some tests such as DSC, TGA, PSA, SEM and Optical Micrographs (OM) were taken from the samples.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791600700402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66126372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791600700403
K.P. Arul Kumar, S. Soundararajan
LDPE of MFI 2 g/10 min was blended with carboxy methylated starch (CMS) at various proportions of 5–30% (wt.%), photo-degradable additive – benzophenone (3%) and glycerol (3%) as compatibilizer using a twin screw extruder. Tubular blown film was extruded using blown film extruder. LDPE with CMS was processable into sheets (>250 microns) in the temperature range 150 to 230°C. It was observed that higher the CMS content, lower the processing temperature range. All the formulations made using CMS were easy for processing though the MFI was decreased as the CMS starch content increased. The sheets obtained were of golden-yellow color with snakeskin appearance. The sheets obtained were tested for various mechanical tests like tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength in both machine direction and transverse direction. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and elongation at break were lowered. Tear strength was lowered. Also accelerated UV weathering and compost biodegradation tests were done on all the samples. Scanning Electron Microscope images were taken before and after UV weathering to determine the morphological changes on the samples. As the starch content increased, the photodegradation time also increased, but very less when compared to pure LDPE. The samples were highly photo/ biodegradable and hence will not pollute the environment.
{"title":"Studies on the Mechanical Properties and Uv-Accelerated Weathering of Ldpe with Benzophenone and Carboxy Methylated Starch","authors":"K.P. Arul Kumar, S. Soundararajan","doi":"10.1177/204124791600700403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791600700403","url":null,"abstract":"LDPE of MFI 2 g/10 min was blended with carboxy methylated starch (CMS) at various proportions of 5–30% (wt.%), photo-degradable additive – benzophenone (3%) and glycerol (3%) as compatibilizer using a twin screw extruder. Tubular blown film was extruded using blown film extruder. LDPE with CMS was processable into sheets (>250 microns) in the temperature range 150 to 230°C. It was observed that higher the CMS content, lower the processing temperature range. All the formulations made using CMS were easy for processing though the MFI was decreased as the CMS starch content increased. The sheets obtained were of golden-yellow color with snakeskin appearance. The sheets obtained were tested for various mechanical tests like tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength in both machine direction and transverse direction. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and elongation at break were lowered. Tear strength was lowered. Also accelerated UV weathering and compost biodegradation tests were done on all the samples. Scanning Electron Microscope images were taken before and after UV weathering to determine the morphological changes on the samples. As the starch content increased, the photodegradation time also increased, but very less when compared to pure LDPE. The samples were highly photo/ biodegradable and hence will not pollute the environment.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791600700403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66126446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791600700401
Hamed Nazarpour-Fard, K. Rad‐Moghadam, F. Shirini, M. H. Beheshty
Several bio-composites of chitosan (CS), as the hydrophilic natural polymer, were prepared by composition with 2, 5, 10 and 15 wt% of rice husk ash (RiHA), as the bio-based filler, via solution casting. These composites were obtained with the aim to improve the hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and degradation mechanism of pure chitosan. The resulting bio-composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as XRD analysis. The SEM images showed amorphous morphology, irregular shape, and the number averaged size of 32 μm for the RiHA particles dispersed in the composites. Investigation of thermal properties of the RiHA-reinforced chitosan composites by TGA/DTG and DSC measurements has revealed some improvements in the thermal behavior of chitosan by the RiHA filler. For instance, the composite made of 15 wt% filler was found to be thermally more stable as it degrades at significantly higher temperatures than the composites containing other portions of the filler. Unlike the other samples that are degraded in three-steps, the weight loss of the composite having 15 wt% of RiHA occurs in two steps. Additional experiments showed that the composites are more hydrophobic than virgin chitosan and the hydrophobicity of the samples is increased by increasing their RiHA component.
{"title":"Novel Improvements in Thermal and Hydrophobic Properties of Chitosan Reinforced by Rice Husk Ash","authors":"Hamed Nazarpour-Fard, K. Rad‐Moghadam, F. Shirini, M. H. Beheshty","doi":"10.1177/204124791600700401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791600700401","url":null,"abstract":"Several bio-composites of chitosan (CS), as the hydrophilic natural polymer, were prepared by composition with 2, 5, 10 and 15 wt% of rice husk ash (RiHA), as the bio-based filler, via solution casting. These composites were obtained with the aim to improve the hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and degradation mechanism of pure chitosan. The resulting bio-composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as XRD analysis. The SEM images showed amorphous morphology, irregular shape, and the number averaged size of 32 μm for the RiHA particles dispersed in the composites. Investigation of thermal properties of the RiHA-reinforced chitosan composites by TGA/DTG and DSC measurements has revealed some improvements in the thermal behavior of chitosan by the RiHA filler. For instance, the composite made of 15 wt% filler was found to be thermally more stable as it degrades at significantly higher temperatures than the composites containing other portions of the filler. Unlike the other samples that are degraded in three-steps, the weight loss of the composite having 15 wt% of RiHA occurs in two steps. Additional experiments showed that the composites are more hydrophobic than virgin chitosan and the hydrophobicity of the samples is increased by increasing their RiHA component.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791600700401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66126187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791600700303
S. Mousavi, O. Arjmand, S. Hashemi, N. Banaei
In this study we have investigated the effect of montmorillonite with alkyl quaternary ammonium salt that had been doped into the silicon acrylate (AC-Si)/ Epoxy Cresol Novolac (ECN)/ montmorillonite nano composites on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of composite samples. Moreover the effect of increase in weight percentages of fillers at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 wt% on the amount of Impact and flexural strength had been investigated. Also impact and flexural strength were performed on two different systems namely (a) ECN filled nanoclay and (b) AC-Si ECN filled with nano montmorillonite as a function of clay respectively. By increase in the weight percentage of filler in the context of matrix up to the 0.03 wt%, the amount of flexural and impact strength were increased but by adding filler more that 0.03 wt%, the amount of flexural and impact strength will decrease. The resulting nanocomposites have optimal mechanical properties at 0.03 wt% montmorillonite content. Addition of The AC-Si will increase the interlamellar distance due to better dispersion of the clay within the matrix. Cross section of fracture surfaces that had been shown by SEM micrographs, specifies that, increase in viscosity had caused due to aggregation that is the main cause of fluctuation in samples properties. In addition the produced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) differential scanning calorimetry, Thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing (impact and flexural).
{"title":"Modification of the Epoxy Resin Mechanical and Thermal Properties with Silicon Acrylate and Montmorillonite Nanoparticles","authors":"S. Mousavi, O. Arjmand, S. Hashemi, N. Banaei","doi":"10.1177/204124791600700303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791600700303","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have investigated the effect of montmorillonite with alkyl quaternary ammonium salt that had been doped into the silicon acrylate (AC-Si)/ Epoxy Cresol Novolac (ECN)/ montmorillonite nano composites on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of composite samples. Moreover the effect of increase in weight percentages of fillers at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 wt% on the amount of Impact and flexural strength had been investigated. Also impact and flexural strength were performed on two different systems namely (a) ECN filled nanoclay and (b) AC-Si ECN filled with nano montmorillonite as a function of clay respectively. By increase in the weight percentage of filler in the context of matrix up to the 0.03 wt%, the amount of flexural and impact strength were increased but by adding filler more that 0.03 wt%, the amount of flexural and impact strength will decrease. The resulting nanocomposites have optimal mechanical properties at 0.03 wt% montmorillonite content. Addition of The AC-Si will increase the interlamellar distance due to better dispersion of the clay within the matrix. Cross section of fracture surfaces that had been shown by SEM micrographs, specifies that, increase in viscosity had caused due to aggregation that is the main cause of fluctuation in samples properties. In addition the produced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) differential scanning calorimetry, Thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing (impact and flexural).","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791600700303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66126000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-01DOI: 10.1177/204124791600700301
M.K.V. de Tatagiba, J. d’Almeida
The use of chopped pejibaye fibers obtained from the residues of pejibaye plantations is presented. These fibers are obtained from the leftover residues after the collection of heart of palm from pejibaye palms. PP-pejibaye composites were manufactured and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were compared to the properties of the unreinforced PP matrix. The results obtained show that untreated pejibaye fibers act as filler, not as reinforcement, but do not reduce the mechanical properties of the untreated polymeric matrix. The tensile properties of the composites were suitably modeled using the Turcsányi equation. Also, the incorporation of the fibers does not alter the thermal properties of the untreated matrix. Therefore, the use of this agribusiness residue can present economic advantages since the cost of composite parts can be reduced and their life cycle assessment increased by the use of this lignocellulosic residue, without altering the basic thermal and mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix.
{"title":"Pejibaye Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Matrix Composites","authors":"M.K.V. de Tatagiba, J. d’Almeida","doi":"10.1177/204124791600700301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/204124791600700301","url":null,"abstract":"The use of chopped pejibaye fibers obtained from the residues of pejibaye plantations is presented. These fibers are obtained from the leftover residues after the collection of heart of palm from pejibaye palms. PP-pejibaye composites were manufactured and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were compared to the properties of the unreinforced PP matrix. The results obtained show that untreated pejibaye fibers act as filler, not as reinforcement, but do not reduce the mechanical properties of the untreated polymeric matrix. The tensile properties of the composites were suitably modeled using the Turcsányi equation. Also, the incorporation of the fibers does not alter the thermal properties of the untreated matrix. Therefore, the use of this agribusiness residue can present economic advantages since the cost of composite parts can be reduced and their life cycle assessment increased by the use of this lignocellulosic residue, without altering the basic thermal and mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/204124791600700301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66125929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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