The stratum corneum layer of skin poses a major barrier for transdermal drug delivery. Recently, nanocarriers and microneedles fabricated from renewable polymers have emerged as promising platforms to enhance permeation across this barrier. This letter highlights recent progress in using biocompatible nanocarriers and microneedle arrays to improve transdermal drug delivery.
{"title":"Polymers from renewable resources: Drug delivery platforms for transdermal delivery","authors":"Pooyan Makvandi, Madineh Moradialvand, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266955","url":null,"abstract":"The stratum corneum layer of skin poses a major barrier for transdermal drug delivery. Recently, nanocarriers and microneedles fabricated from renewable polymers have emerged as promising platforms to enhance permeation across this barrier. This letter highlights recent progress in using biocompatible nanocarriers and microneedle arrays to improve transdermal drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/20412479241266957
Ankit Chakraborty, Pradnya Ghalsasi, P. Radha
Nanocellulose (NC) is revolutionizing the world of biopolymers. This research investigated the use of NC as an additive in polymer composites to enhance their structural and physio-chemical properties. The NC was extracted from Borassus flabellifer leaves and modified with lactic acid (LA). The leaves consisted of 62.2% cellulose, 15.8% hemicellulose, and 12.2% lignin by weight %. Alkali treatment was applied to obtain NCs with an average particle size of 317 nm. Characterization techniques, including SEM, FTIR, and XRD, are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of surface modification. The successful surface modification of NC with LA was confirmed by the presence of LA functional groups. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of both the NCs and surface-modified NCs (SMNCs), with a higher crystalline index for the SMNCs (48.27%) than for the NCs (42.78%). The lower water absorption potential of SMNCs suggests their potential for use in biopolymer composites, demonstrating promising applications in materials science.
{"title":"Lactic acid-facilitated surface modification of nanocellulose extracted from Borassus flabellifer leaves","authors":"Ankit Chakraborty, Pradnya Ghalsasi, P. Radha","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266957","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose (NC) is revolutionizing the world of biopolymers. This research investigated the use of NC as an additive in polymer composites to enhance their structural and physio-chemical properties. The NC was extracted from Borassus flabellifer leaves and modified with lactic acid (LA). The leaves consisted of 62.2% cellulose, 15.8% hemicellulose, and 12.2% lignin by weight %. Alkali treatment was applied to obtain NCs with an average particle size of 317 nm. Characterization techniques, including SEM, FTIR, and XRD, are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of surface modification. The successful surface modification of NC with LA was confirmed by the presence of LA functional groups. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of both the NCs and surface-modified NCs (SMNCs), with a higher crystalline index for the SMNCs (48.27%) than for the NCs (42.78%). The lower water absorption potential of SMNCs suggests their potential for use in biopolymer composites, demonstrating promising applications in materials science.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/20412479241266953
R. Mulla, Sharnappa Chapi
The inherent low thermal conductivity, low cost, and flexibility of polymeric materials make them potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. Their eco-friendliness and mechanical flexibility are useful for the design of portable and flexible self-powered electronics. However, the heat-to-electrical power conversion efficiency, also known as the figure-of-merit (ZT), of polymer TE materials is low. Research efforts are in progress to enhance the thermoelectric performance of polymers and to find new kinds of polymer composites. Recent research innovations, such as chemical doping of polymers, development of nanocomposites and hybrid composites, and nanostructuring have significantly changed the thermoelectric properties of the polymeric materials. In this article, we summarize the recent developments and achievements in polymer materials for thermoelectric applications.
{"title":"Recent advances in enhancing thermoelectric performance of polymeric materials","authors":"R. Mulla, Sharnappa Chapi","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266953","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent low thermal conductivity, low cost, and flexibility of polymeric materials make them potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. Their eco-friendliness and mechanical flexibility are useful for the design of portable and flexible self-powered electronics. However, the heat-to-electrical power conversion efficiency, also known as the figure-of-merit (ZT), of polymer TE materials is low. Research efforts are in progress to enhance the thermoelectric performance of polymers and to find new kinds of polymer composites. Recent research innovations, such as chemical doping of polymers, development of nanocomposites and hybrid composites, and nanostructuring have significantly changed the thermoelectric properties of the polymeric materials. In this article, we summarize the recent developments and achievements in polymer materials for thermoelectric applications.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/20412479241266954
Luyao Gao, Aleksey D. Drozdov
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a bio-based linear aliphatic polyester that is broadly used in biomedical applications. A shortcoming of PLA is its brittleness and low toughness. Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a microbial bioprocessed and biodegradable polyester. To enhance toughness of PLA, it was melt-blended with PHB-based thermoplastic elastomer in various proportions by using a twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that PLA forms a continuous phase in PLA/PHB blends reinforced with inclusions of PHB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements demonstrate strong intermolecular interactions between PLA and PHB chains. Differential scanning calorimeter thermogramms show that PHB reduces the glass transition temperature of PLA and affects its crystalline structure. When the mass fraction of PHB was 20, the glass transition temperature of the blend decreased to 33.9°C. Rheological measurements demonstrate that blending of PLA with PHB changes qualitatively the dependence of its viscosity on shear rate. Quasi-static (uniaxial tension) and dynamic (impact) tests confirm that blending of PLA with PHB results in a noticeable (by a factor of three) increase in its impact toughness and causes transition from the brittle to ductile regime of fracture. When the mass fraction of PHB was 40, the impact toughness reached to 0.40 kJ/m2, almost 3 times to neat PLA.
{"title":"Exploring the performance of bio-based PLA/PHB blends: A comprehensive analysis","authors":"Luyao Gao, Aleksey D. Drozdov","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266954","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a bio-based linear aliphatic polyester that is broadly used in biomedical applications. A shortcoming of PLA is its brittleness and low toughness. Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a microbial bioprocessed and biodegradable polyester. To enhance toughness of PLA, it was melt-blended with PHB-based thermoplastic elastomer in various proportions by using a twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that PLA forms a continuous phase in PLA/PHB blends reinforced with inclusions of PHB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements demonstrate strong intermolecular interactions between PLA and PHB chains. Differential scanning calorimeter thermogramms show that PHB reduces the glass transition temperature of PLA and affects its crystalline structure. When the mass fraction of PHB was 20, the glass transition temperature of the blend decreased to 33.9°C. Rheological measurements demonstrate that blending of PLA with PHB changes qualitatively the dependence of its viscosity on shear rate. Quasi-static (uniaxial tension) and dynamic (impact) tests confirm that blending of PLA with PHB results in a noticeable (by a factor of three) increase in its impact toughness and causes transition from the brittle to ductile regime of fracture. When the mass fraction of PHB was 40, the impact toughness reached to 0.40 kJ/m2, almost 3 times to neat PLA.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/20412479241266958
R. Sahraeian, S. Paran, Masoud Esfandeh, G. Naderi
The modified atmosphere packaging films based on polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced with perlite nanoparticles were prepared using a blow molding machine. The perlite particles were first reduced to nano dimensions using an abrasive mill, then the porosity of nanoperlite was increased to improve their efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas. For this purpose, 6 normal sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C temperature was used. Finally, perlite nanoparticles were modified by polymethyl hydrogen siloxane silane compound. In each of the stages of grinding and modifying the perlite surface, the necessary tests including dynamic light diffraction test, nitrogen absorption test and ethylene gas absorption test were performed using gas chromatography method. The results showed that the size of perlite particles was reduced to 500 nm by using an abrasive mill, and the surface modification process increased the specific surface area of perlite by 10 times. Based on this, the amount of ethylene gas absorption in perlite nanoparticles with modified surface increased up to 3 times compared to normal perlite. The results of the gas chromatography test showed that the nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with 6% by weight of modified perlite nanoparticles has several times the efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas compared to the potassium permanganate sachets The results of the mechanical properties tests of nanocomposite film in comparison with pure polyethylene film showed that nanocomposite film has higher properties than pure polyethylene. The results of shelf-life tests of green tomatoes packed in nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with modified nanoperlite showed that green tomatoes can be stored for two months using the prepared modified atmosphere packaging.
{"title":"Production of nanocomposite films based on low density polyethylene/surface activated nanoperlite for modified atmosphere packaging applications","authors":"R. Sahraeian, S. Paran, Masoud Esfandeh, G. Naderi","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266958","url":null,"abstract":"The modified atmosphere packaging films based on polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced with perlite nanoparticles were prepared using a blow molding machine. The perlite particles were first reduced to nano dimensions using an abrasive mill, then the porosity of nanoperlite was increased to improve their efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas. For this purpose, 6 normal sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C temperature was used. Finally, perlite nanoparticles were modified by polymethyl hydrogen siloxane silane compound. In each of the stages of grinding and modifying the perlite surface, the necessary tests including dynamic light diffraction test, nitrogen absorption test and ethylene gas absorption test were performed using gas chromatography method. The results showed that the size of perlite particles was reduced to 500 nm by using an abrasive mill, and the surface modification process increased the specific surface area of perlite by 10 times. Based on this, the amount of ethylene gas absorption in perlite nanoparticles with modified surface increased up to 3 times compared to normal perlite. The results of the gas chromatography test showed that the nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with 6% by weight of modified perlite nanoparticles has several times the efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas compared to the potassium permanganate sachets The results of the mechanical properties tests of nanocomposite film in comparison with pure polyethylene film showed that nanocomposite film has higher properties than pure polyethylene. The results of shelf-life tests of green tomatoes packed in nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with modified nanoperlite showed that green tomatoes can be stored for two months using the prepared modified atmosphere packaging.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1177/20412479241266956
Hossein Ipakchi, Ali Mohammadi
{"title":"Letter re: Polymers from renewable resources: Plant-based nanoparticles","authors":"Hossein Ipakchi, Ali Mohammadi","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1177/20412479241266952
V. Toteva, Ivo Valchev, S. Petrin
{"title":"Polymers from renewable resources: Glucose from enzymatic hydrolysis of hemp biomass","authors":"V. Toteva, Ivo Valchev, S. Petrin","doi":"10.1177/20412479241266952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241266952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, chitin and chitosan, value-added biopolymers obtained majorly from seafood wastes, have been extensively evaluated and utilized for their application in plenty of domains such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, food processing industries, fuel cells, wastewater curing, and flame retardants. A vast number of physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches have been followed to improve the biological activities, biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan. Among the innumerable modifications, this article focuses primarily on the importance of phosphorylation, as it intensifies not only water solubility but also tissue regeneration, flame retardation, ionic conductivity, metal chelation, and drug-carrying abilities. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to thoroughly assess various techniques that involve the use of phosphorylating agents such as phosphoric acid, phosphorus acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide, and the grafting method to synthesize phosphorylated derivatives of chitin and chitosan, so that a clear vision can be provided to the reader aimed at choosing a best-fit method for phosphorylation.
{"title":"Phosphorylation of chitin and chitosan: A review on its significance and various synthesis routes","authors":"Geeta, Satish Kumar, Shivani, Shayoraj, Mohit Saini, Santosh Kumar Dubey","doi":"10.1177/20412479241227139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241227139","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, chitin and chitosan, value-added biopolymers obtained majorly from seafood wastes, have been extensively evaluated and utilized for their application in plenty of domains such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, food processing industries, fuel cells, wastewater curing, and flame retardants. A vast number of physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches have been followed to improve the biological activities, biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan. Among the innumerable modifications, this article focuses primarily on the importance of phosphorylation, as it intensifies not only water solubility but also tissue regeneration, flame retardation, ionic conductivity, metal chelation, and drug-carrying abilities. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to thoroughly assess various techniques that involve the use of phosphorylating agents such as phosphoric acid, phosphorus acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide, and the grafting method to synthesize phosphorylated derivatives of chitin and chitosan, so that a clear vision can be provided to the reader aimed at choosing a best-fit method for phosphorylation.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/20412479241233849
M. Saeb
{"title":"Biosensors from renewable resources: Decarbonization and sustainability","authors":"M. Saeb","doi":"10.1177/20412479241233849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241233849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1177/20412479241227137
B. Bukit, F. Syamani, E. Rochima, C. Panatarani, W. Widiyastuti, Danar Praseptiangga, Novizar Nazir, Yeyen Nurhamiyah, Siti Agustina
The ability of alginates to form hydrogel solutions makes them a promising biomaterial for three-dimensional (3D) printing. Researchers are investigating several techniques to improve the alginate hydrogels’ quality, such as using alginate-based nanocomposites as materials for 3D printing. This review examines the material of alginate-based composites, the printing technique, and the applications of 3D printing alginate-based composites. Material composites for 3D printing include alginate with clay, a combination of alginate with polymers or biopolymers, and a mixture of alginate with metal oxide and carbon. The 3D printing material from alginate combined with polymers is usually used in the medical and green packaging industries, whereas a mixture of alginate with clay, metal oxide, and carbon 3D printing material is utilized in the environmental field. When considering printing procedures, extrusion techniques are the most affordable. Furthermore, the purpose of alginate composite characterization is to determine the impact generated by the material combinations. This characterization is carried out based on the intended application. However, it is common to employ mechanical, thermal, rheological, scanning electron, XRD, and FTIR analysis to identify the fundamental characteristics of the alginate composite according to research.
藻酸盐能够形成水凝胶溶液，因此是一种很有前景的三维（3D）打印生物材料。研究人员正在研究几种提高藻酸盐水凝胶质量的技术，例如使用藻酸盐基纳米复合材料作为三维打印的材料。本综述探讨了藻酸盐基复合材料的材料、打印技术以及 3D打印藻酸盐基复合材料的应用。用于 3D 打印的复合材料包括藻酸盐与粘土、藻酸盐与聚合物或生物聚合物的组合，以及藻酸盐与金属氧化物和碳的混合物。海藻酸盐与聚合物结合的 3D 打印材料通常用于医疗和绿色包装行业，而海藻酸盐与粘土、金属氧化物和碳的混合物 3D 打印材料则用于环保领域。在考虑打印程序时，挤压技术是最经济实惠的。此外，海藻酸盐复合材料表征的目的是确定材料组合产生的影响。这种表征是根据预期应用进行的。不过，根据研究，通常会采用机械、热、流变、扫描电子、XRD 和傅立叶变换红外分析来确定海藻酸盐复合材料的基本特性。
{"title":"Review of alginate-based composites for 3D printing material","authors":"B. Bukit, F. Syamani, E. Rochima, C. Panatarani, W. Widiyastuti, Danar Praseptiangga, Novizar Nazir, Yeyen Nurhamiyah, Siti Agustina","doi":"10.1177/20412479241227137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241227137","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of alginates to form hydrogel solutions makes them a promising biomaterial for three-dimensional (3D) printing. Researchers are investigating several techniques to improve the alginate hydrogels’ quality, such as using alginate-based nanocomposites as materials for 3D printing. This review examines the material of alginate-based composites, the printing technique, and the applications of 3D printing alginate-based composites. Material composites for 3D printing include alginate with clay, a combination of alginate with polymers or biopolymers, and a mixture of alginate with metal oxide and carbon. The 3D printing material from alginate combined with polymers is usually used in the medical and green packaging industries, whereas a mixture of alginate with clay, metal oxide, and carbon 3D printing material is utilized in the environmental field. When considering printing procedures, extrusion techniques are the most affordable. Furthermore, the purpose of alginate composite characterization is to determine the impact generated by the material combinations. This characterization is carried out based on the intended application. However, it is common to employ mechanical, thermal, rheological, scanning electron, XRD, and FTIR analysis to identify the fundamental characteristics of the alginate composite according to research.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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