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NIETZSCHE, EL SOBREHUMANO Y EL TRANSHUMANISMO 尼采,超人和超人类主义
Pub Date : 2017-09-13 DOI: 10.15359/PRAXIS.75.6
S. Sorgner
Bostrom rejects Nietzsche as an ancestor of the transhumanist movement, as he claims that there were merely some “surface-level similarities with the Nietzschean vision” (Bostrom 2005a, 4). In contrast to Bostrom, I think that significant similarities between the posthuman and the overhuman can be found on a fundamental level. In addition, it seems to me that Nietzsche explained the relevance of the overhuman by referring to a dimension which seems to be lacking in transhumanism. In order to explain my position, I will progress as follows. First, I will compare the concept of the posthuman to that of Nietzsche’s overhuman, focusing more on their similarities than their differences. Second, I will contextualise the overhuman in Nietzsche’s general vision, so that I can point out which dimension seems to me to be lacking in transhumanist thought.
博斯特罗姆拒绝尼采作为超人类主义运动的祖先,因为他声称只有一些“表面上与尼采的愿景相似”(博斯特罗姆2005a, 4)。与博斯特罗姆相反,我认为在基本层面上,后人类和超人类之间可以找到显著的相似之处。此外,在我看来,尼采通过引用超人类主义中似乎缺乏的一个维度来解释超人类的相关性。为了说明我的立场,我将进行如下阐述。首先,我将比较后人类的概念与尼采的超人的概念,更多地关注他们的相似之处而不是他们的不同之处。其次,我将把超人置于尼采的一般视野中,这样我就可以指出在我看来,在超人类主义思想中缺少哪个维度。
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引用次数: 0
ALGUNOS CONCEPTOS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA INDUCCIÓN SEMÁNTICA DE LA ACCIÓN SOCIAL 社会行为语义归纳研究的一些概念
Pub Date : 2017-09-13 DOI: 10.15359/PRAXIS.75.4
Maynor Antonio Mora Alvarado
En este breve articulo se propone la necesidad de problematizar la teoria de la accion social desde un punto de vista complejo, lo que implica la posibilidad de ampliar las tesis del individualismo metodologico, asi como las tesis del sujeto (sea desde un punto de vista liberal o marxista). Esto con el fin de realizar una descripcion o acercamiento a la amplitud en cuanto al alcance actual de la accion social y sus derroteros evidentemente sistemicos, por encima de los procesos de constitucion y desarrollo de la denominada vida humana consciente.
在这篇简短的文章中,我们提出了从一个复杂的观点来质疑社会行动理论的必要性,这意味着有可能扩展方法论个人主义的论点,以及主体的论点(从自由主义或马克思主义的观点)。本文的目的是对社会行动的当前范围及其明显的系统性趋势进行描述或接近,超越了所谓的有意识的人类生活的构成和发展过程。
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引用次数: 0
El rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios del área de psicología: relaciones con el clima organizacional 心理学领域大学生的学业成绩:与组织氛围的关系
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2069
Kethy Luz Pérez Correa, Rosario Peley Bracho, Elba Saucedo Ruidíaz
The research was oriented to identify the relationship between the academic performance of students in the area of psychology in a public university of Colombia and organizational climate. A correlational and descriptive methodology was developed, with a transactional and non-experimental field scheme. The population nucleus consisted of four (4) managers, fifteen (15) teachers and seventy-nine (79) students. The survey was applied as a tool and three closed questionnaires, with a Lickert type scale version, were designed as instruments and were composed of 51 items. The results allowed to determine that the studied variables: organizational climate and academic performance within the university selected for the study are closely linked, coinciding in some aspects between teachers, students and managers and differing in others. As a conclusion, there are tensions in the organizational climate as a consequence of the management styles, for which, it is recommended the implementation of a set of strategies to improve the working environment conditions and with this, the academic performance of the students.
本研究旨在确定哥伦比亚一所公立大学心理学专业学生的学习成绩与组织氛围之间的关系。开发了一种相关和描述性的方法,具有事务性和非实验性的现场方案。人口核心由4名管理人员、15名教师和79名学生组成。以问卷调查为工具,设计3份封闭问卷,采用Lickert量表版本,共51项。结果允许确定所研究的变量:组织气候和学术表现在大学内选择的研究是密切相关的,在教师,学生和管理者之间的某些方面是一致的,而在其他方面则有所不同。作为结论,由于管理风格的结果,组织气氛中存在紧张局势,为此,建议实施一套策略来改善工作环境条件,并以此改善学生的学习成绩。
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引用次数: 3
Funciones de las herramientas multimedia interactivas para la enseñanza en educación preescolar 交互式多媒体工具在学前教育教学中的功能
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2063
Matilde Bolaño García
The development of  software systems of the last decade has consolidated the visibility of interactive multimedia tools, a fact that has positioned these tools as a didactic support in several areas. From this perspective, this article aimed to determine the roles of the Interactive Multimedia Tools (IMT) used by the preschool teachers of some educational institutions that belong to the municipality of Santa Marta – Colombia.  To achieve this, methodologically, the study does a positivist approach, with a descriptive research type and a not experimental field design. As for the population under study, it comprises 38 pre-school teachers from educational institutions belonging to the commune. As regards data collection technique, it was used the survey observation and the instrument was the questionnaire. After analyzing the data it was found that there are three roles of the HMI associated with teaching in preschool education, concluding that teachers under study were placed in the category of little used or little promoted concerning the exploration and experimentation roles, in addition to the instructive and the training roles, while the motivating role was moderately used or moderately promoted by these teachers.
过去十年软件系统的发展巩固了交互式多媒体工具的可见性,这一事实使这些工具在若干领域成为教学支持。从这个角度出发,本文旨在确定交互式多媒体工具(IMT)在哥伦比亚圣玛尔塔市一些教育机构的幼儿教师中所起的作用。为了实现这一目标,在方法上,该研究采用了实证主义方法,采用描述性研究类型和非实验领域设计。至于所研究的人口,它包括38名来自属于公社的教育机构的学前教师。数据收集方法采用调查观察法,工具为问卷调查法。通过对数据的分析,我们发现HMI在学前教育教学中的作用主要有三种,被研究教师除了具有指导性和培训性的作用外,在探究性和实验性的作用上属于很少使用或很少提升的角色,而在激励性的作用上则属于适度使用或适度提升的角色。
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引用次数: 7
Los grupos informales en las organizaciones escolares: un acercamiento desde la gestión educativa 学校组织中的非正式团体:一种来自教育管理的方法
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2068
Jorge Buitrago, Javier Viloria Escobar, Luis Francisco Miranda Terraza
This paper aims to characterize the informal groups existing in public school institutions in the district of Santa Marta, as well as to unveil the factors which cause such groups and their influences on educational quality. Hence, it prioritizes a methodology of an ethnographic approach, based on the perspective of complementarity, which uses instruments such as: documentary analysis, field diaries, participant observation and in-depth interviews to understand the social reality of educational organizations. In the preliminary findings, several informal groups are evidenced within the legal structures, which are produced by factors such as common interests, friendship, ideological positions and sports and cultural practices. The main conclusion of this paper shows the possible relations between the existence of the groups and educational quality.
本文旨在对Santa Marta区公立学校机构中存在的非正式群体进行特征分析,揭示产生这些群体的因素及其对教育质量的影响。因此,它优先考虑一种基于互补性观点的民族志方法方法,该方法使用诸如:文献分析,实地日记,参与者观察和深入访谈等工具来了解教育组织的社会现实。在初步调查结果中,在法律结构中证明了几个非正式群体,这些群体是由共同利益、友谊、意识形态立场、体育和文化习俗等因素产生的。本文的主要结论显示了群体的存在与教育质量之间可能存在的关系。
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引用次数: 3
Estrategias instruccionales aplicadas por los docentes, en el marco del desarrollo de los procesos metacognitivos de los estudiantes 在学生元认知过程发展的背景下,教师应用的教学策略
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2064
Meredith Jiménez Cárdena, Sileny Crujía Berrio, Aquiles Mejía Anaya
The instructional strategies applied by teachers were analyzed in the development of metacognitive processes for students of the National Technical Institute of Professional Technical Training (INFOTEP). Type of analytical research, with non-experimental cross-field design. Represented by 67 teachers working in the INFOTEP of the Municipality of San Juan del Cesar, Guajira - Colombia, and 830 students from II-2014. We applied the technique of the survey and participant observation instrument was performed with 30 items and 5 alternatives of closed answers, The validity by expert judgment, and reliability of the coefficient of Alpha Cronbach, reaching a value of 0.85. Concluding that there are differences in the responses between teachers and students, in relation to the instructional strategies and the perception of the metacognitive process of the students, a moderate level of correspondence was observed between both variables, the strategies applied by teachers have not allowed to consolidate in a way Full knowledge that contribute to the student's effective management of cognitive processes and therefore achieve meaningful learning. It is recommended, to design reflection days to socialize the results, in order to delineate actions that contribute to the development of metacognitive processes, in relation to the knowledge of their cognitive base that can lead to meaningful learning.
本文分析了教师在国家职业技术培训学院(INFOTEP)学生元认知过程发展过程中所采用的教学策略。分析型研究,采用非实验性的跨领域设计。由67名在哥伦比亚瓜吉拉州圣胡安德尔塞萨尔市INFOTEP工作的教师和830名II-2014学年的学生代表。我们采用问卷调查法和参与式观察仪对30个题目和5个备选的封闭答案进行了问卷调查,专家判断效度和Alpha Cronbach系数的信度达到0.85。结论是,在教学策略和学生对元认知过程的感知方面,教师和学生的反应存在差异,两个变量之间存在适度的对应关系,教师使用的策略无法以一种有助于学生有效管理认知过程的方式巩固完整的知识,从而实现有意义的学习。建议设计反思日,将结果社会化,以便描述有助于元认知过程发展的行为,与认知基础的知识相关,从而导致有意义的学习。
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引用次数: 0
La perspectiva de los docentes de educación primaria sobre la reforma educativa en Zacatecas, México 墨西哥萨卡特卡斯小学教师对教育改革的看法
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2066
Elizabeth Cristina Bañuelos Sánchez, J. R. González, Lizeth Rodríguez González, Sergio Aguilar Reveles
In this article it is described the results of a research done in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico, aiming to know teachers perception about Educative Reform (RE) to elementary school education aproved  in 2013. The research theorical frame are the structural reforms which sit bases to analize changes that reorganized institutions set. The information gathering was conducted by an interview with open answers, focusing in the aspects which have a direct repercussion in teachers: the evaluation, the entry requirements and the permanence. The results let see that most of the teachers did not oposite to the evaluation always that it work as a tool for improve their teaching practice, although they show distrust about the sistem clearance, considerating that RE is a hidden mechanism to fire teachers, and these changes will not have repercussions at quality education.
本文描述了在墨西哥萨卡特卡斯州进行的一项研究的结果,旨在了解教师对2013年批准的小学教育改革(RE)的看法。研究的理论框架是结构性改革,它是分析重组后制度设置变化的基础。信息收集采用开放式访谈的方式进行,重点关注对教师有直接影响的方面:评价、入学要求和持久性。结果表明,大多数教师并不总是反对评价,认为它是一种改进教学实践的工具,尽管他们对制度审查表示不信任,认为RE是一种解雇教师的隐藏机制,这些变化不会对质量教育产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Sinergia de la educación ambiental y la sociedad en Colombia 哥伦比亚环境教育与社会的协同作用
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2080
Carlos Alejandro Hernández-Carvajal
Hoy en dia, al hablar de la educacion en Colombia, es referirse a una de las problematicas que mas afecta a nuestro pais, hablando desde el punto de vista de la calidad (Torrejano-Vargas, 2015). Asi mismo, esta problematica se ha convertido en un reto para el gobierno nacional, el cual quiere lograr que en 10 anos sea la nacion mas educada de Latinoamerica (Lizarazo, 2017), esto solo se puede alcanzar trabajando mancomunadamente los docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia (Garcia-Garcia, Pulido-Melo, Salazar-Uribe, 2016; Villa & Villa, 2014), no obstante, el gobierno no debe olvidar la historia de desigualdad del pais, la cual se refleja en muchos contextos, incluidos el de la educacion, siendo este uno de los problemas arraigados a la baja calidad del sector educativo (Reimers, 2000).
今天,当我们谈论哥伦比亚的教育时,我们指的是影响我们国家的问题之一,从质量的角度来看(Torrejano-Vargas, 2015)。就这样,这个problematica国家已成为政府的一个挑战,想要实现你在10多年最礼貌的nacion拉丁美洲(Lizarazo, 2017),这你可以只达成共同工作的教师、学生和家长(Garcia-Garcia Pulido-Melo、Salazar-Uribe 2016;Villa & Villa, 2014),然而,政府不应该忘记国家的不平等历史,这反映在许多情况下,包括教育,这是根源于教育部门低质量的问题之一(Reimers, 2000)。
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引用次数: 0
La formación en competencias para el programa de Trabajo Social en la Universidad de la Guajira: un camino abierto a la diversidad y la educación 拉瓜希拉大学社会工作方案的能力培训:通往多样性和教育的开放道路
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2067
Alma Luisa Fonseca Mendoza, N. López, Leonildes Astrid Gómez Martínez
The objective of this study is to characterize the training process of the Social Work program at the University of La Guajira from a competency-based training approach, for which the theoretical guidelines are deepened, where training by generic and specific competences in higher education Responds to the student's skills and productive life and according to the needs of a given context and enriched by their cultural conditions. The methodology is ethnographic, with a design based on the triangulation of information. The results indicate that a new approach is required in the training of competences in the social work program, where the curricular processes are articulated research and the organization of the academic activities so that it is evidenced in better results in the tests knowledge and in the quality Of the University of La Guajira. The above points to the need to intervene and investigate the factors associated with training by the competences of students, since the training process must be in accordance with the disciplinary, investigative, professional, social and labor requirements and, of course, The sociocultural context, because it is where the social imaginaries and practices in everyday life occur.
本研究的目的是从能力为基础的培训方法来描述瓜希拉大学社会工作项目的培训过程,该方法深化了理论指导方针,在高等教育中通过一般和特定能力的培训来响应学生的技能和生产生活,根据特定背景的需要,并通过他们的文化条件来丰富。该方法是人种学的,其设计基于信息的三角测量。结果表明,在培训社会工作方案的能力方面需要采用一种新的方法,其中课程过程是明确的研究和学术活动的组织,以便在拉瓜希拉大学的测试知识和质量方面取得更好的成绩。以上指出需要通过学生的能力干预和调查与培训相关的因素,因为培训过程必须符合学科,调查,专业,社会和劳动要求,当然还有社会文化背景,因为它是日常生活中社会想象和实践发生的地方。
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引用次数: 2
Ecopedagogía y buen vivir: los caminos de la sustentabilidad 生态教育学与美好生活:可持续发展之路
Pub Date : 2017-04-19 DOI: 10.21676/23897856.2065
P. Sánchez, Alber Oswaldo Peña Moscoso, C. Bocanegra
The discovery of Earth as a living evolving system has aroused in humanity new sensibilities and perceptions; on one hand, the acknowledgment of Earth as our “patria-matria” (fatherland-motherland) of origin, has not only reminded us of our membership in the community of life, but it has also helped us to get rid of the anthropocentric ego that moved us away from her. On the other hand, humanity shows, as a result, concern for keeping her safe, and, of course, for the guarantee of our survival as a species. This document intends to shed some light on sustainability paths, and the development of practices that benefit the sustaining of living beings. We consider that is necessary to start exploring new ways to inhabit our Earth, exercising responsibility within a planetary citizenship; it is on these grounds that we present our proposal for living well.
地球作为一个生命进化系统的发现激发了人类新的情感和认知;一方面,承认地球是我们的“patria-matria”(祖国-祖国)的起源,不仅提醒我们我们是生命共同体的成员,而且还帮助我们摆脱了使我们远离她的以人类为中心的自我。另一方面,人类表现出,作为结果,关心保护她的安全,当然,为了保证我们作为一个物种的生存。本文件旨在阐明可持续发展的道路,以及有利于维持生命的实践的发展。我们认为有必要开始探索居住在地球上的新方式,履行地球公民的责任;正是基于这些理由,我们提出了我们的生活建议。
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引用次数: 3
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Praxis Journal of Philosophy
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