This research aims to fill the gap in understanding the evolution of soil desiccation studies, focusing on its impact on sustainable crop production in China's Loess Plateau. The study explores trends, influential works, authors, journals, and emerging research areas within the field of soil desiccation. To achieve this, this study pioneers a comprehensive scientometric exploration of soil desiccation. The study analyzed 1952 publications on soil desiccation from January 2013 to December 2023, sourced from the Web of Science. Various co-citation techniques such as author co-citation analysis (ACA), document co-citation analysis (DCA), journal co-citation analysis (JCA), and keyword analysis are employed. Network development, visualization tools, and text-mining methods are utilized to discern patterns and relationships within the dataset. Here, for the first time, nine distinct clusters were identified through DCA. The findings reveal the impactful emergence of significant clusters, such as the one focusing on the Loess Plateau, marking a significant advance in our understanding of soil desiccation. Multiple research frontiers or sub-specialties emerge, including topics such as different vegetation types, the impact on grain yield, water use efficiency, growth, soil water content, hydraulic redistribution, drought, soil moisture, and modeling. This innovative scientometric review of soil desiccation outlines the current scientific and technological trends while identifying knowledge gaps. The findings are beneficial for researchers, graduate students, and professors interested in understanding research trajectories, pivotal publications, and influential scholars shaping this field.
{"title":"Soil desiccation in the context of vegetation restoration: A scientometric analysis","authors":"Rizwan Azim, Qi Wang, Erastus Mak-Mensah, Xujiao Zhou, Dengkui Zhang, Xiaole Zhao, Wenjia Qi, Jinhui Zhu, Wen Ma, Mahran Sadiq, Bing Liu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5232","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ldr.5232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research aims to fill the gap in understanding the evolution of soil desiccation studies, focusing on its impact on sustainable crop production in China's Loess Plateau. The study explores trends, influential works, authors, journals, and emerging research areas within the field of soil desiccation. To achieve this, this study pioneers a comprehensive scientometric exploration of soil desiccation. The study analyzed 1952 publications on soil desiccation from January 2013 to December 2023, sourced from the Web of Science. Various co-citation techniques such as author co-citation analysis (ACA), document co-citation analysis (DCA), journal co-citation analysis (JCA), and keyword analysis are employed. Network development, visualization tools, and text-mining methods are utilized to discern patterns and relationships within the dataset. Here, for the first time, nine distinct clusters were identified through DCA. The findings reveal the impactful emergence of significant clusters, such as the one focusing on the Loess Plateau, marking a significant advance in our understanding of soil desiccation. Multiple research frontiers or sub-specialties emerge, including topics such as different vegetation types, the impact on grain yield, water use efficiency, growth, soil water content, hydraulic redistribution, drought, soil moisture, and modeling. This innovative scientometric review of soil desiccation outlines the current scientific and technological trends while identifying knowledge gaps. The findings are beneficial for researchers, graduate students, and professors interested in understanding research trajectories, pivotal publications, and influential scholars shaping this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to climate change and human activities, land desertification, a major environmental issue in arid regions, has exerted an impact on ecosystem services (ES). However, previous ES assessments in arid regions lacked the integrated assessment and trade-off analysis of soil-related ecosystem services (S-ES). To address this, we developed a S-ES-Bayesian network (S-ES-BN) model to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between the complex relationships between S-ES and their multiple influences in Central Asia (CA). The results showed that (1) there is a large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in S-ES, with the most significant changes in water yield service (WY, −30%) and soil conservation service (SC, −26%) in the past 30 years (1990–2020); (2) land use and land cover change (LUCC) area shifts can have a gaining or weakening effect on the S-ES. Among them, water to wetland had the most obvious gain effect on SC (+5.1 t·km2·yr−1) and water to forestland had the most pronounced effect on carbon fixation service (CF, +251.22 t); and (3) based on the S-ES-BN, an optimal configuration of S-ES in CA demonstrated that the intensification of a future “warming and wetting” scenario in CA might lead to significant decreases in WY (−37%) and sand fixation (−7%). In addition, the clarification of the land allocation structure (cropland, forestland, and grassland) in LUCC will enhance the spatial demand for CF.
{"title":"Trade-offs and synergistic relationships on soil-related ecosystem services in Central Asia under land use and land cover change","authors":"Jiaxin Li, Xiaofei Ma, Geping Luo","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5274","url":null,"abstract":"Due to climate change and human activities, land desertification, a major environmental issue in arid regions, has exerted an impact on ecosystem services (ES). However, previous ES assessments in arid regions lacked the integrated assessment and trade-off analysis of soil-related ecosystem services (S-ES). To address this, we developed a S-ES-Bayesian network (S-ES-BN) model to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between the complex relationships between S-ES and their multiple influences in Central Asia (CA). The results showed that (1) there is a large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in S-ES, with the most significant changes in water yield service (WY, −30%) and soil conservation service (SC, −26%) in the past 30 years (1990–2020); (2) land use and land cover change (LUCC) area shifts can have a gaining or weakening effect on the S-ES. Among them, water to wetland had the most obvious gain effect on SC (+5.1 t·km<sup>2</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>) and water to forestland had the most pronounced effect on carbon fixation service (CF, +251.22 t); and (3) based on the S-ES-BN, an optimal configuration of S-ES in CA demonstrated that the intensification of a future “warming and wetting” scenario in CA might lead to significant decreases in WY (−37%) and sand fixation (−7%). In addition, the clarification of the land allocation structure (cropland, forestland, and grassland) in LUCC will enhance the spatial demand for CF.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142043075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Malica, Cezary K. Urbanowski, Krzysztof Turczański, Grzegorz Rączka, Agnieszka Andrzejewska, Maciej Skorupski, Jacek Kamczyc
Reclamation of agricultural soil and forest succession after afforestation proceeds slowly and at many levels. Therefore, the history of land use is recorded in the soil's physical, chemical and ecological parameters for many decades. This process depends on time and the form of afforestation, which primarily includes tree species. In our study, we analyzed differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of pine and oak stands on forest and post-agricultural land at 22, 42 and 62 y/o. Our study revealed that 14 of 24 examined parameters (litter pH, soil pH, litter thickness, soil organic matter, Corg, bulk density, C/N ratio, soil moisture, soil K, Mg and Mn content, N and Ca litter content, Mg litter content) differed significantly among examined habitats (land use, stand age and tree species). We calculated the abundance, species richness and diversity of the mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) for each habitat type. In total, 6730 mites were classified into 72 taxa (60 species, 11 genera and one taxon as family). The highest abundance was recorded in 42 y/o. oak stands on post-agricultural land, while the lowest is in 22 y/o. pine and oak stands on post-agricultural land. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded in the oldest oak stand on post-agricultural land. In contrast, the lowest diversity was recorded in the youngest oak and pine stands on post-agricultural land. Our results demonstrate that the negative impact of the agricultural history of land use weakens over time and provides a better understanding of land use history on the relations between the soil environment and soil fauna, including mesostigmatid mite assemblages.
{"title":"Environmental role of different-aged pine and oak stands growing on post-agricultural and forest lands in forming the Mesostigmata mites communities","authors":"Jacek Malica, Cezary K. Urbanowski, Krzysztof Turczański, Grzegorz Rączka, Agnieszka Andrzejewska, Maciej Skorupski, Jacek Kamczyc","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5265","url":null,"abstract":"Reclamation of agricultural soil and forest succession after afforestation proceeds slowly and at many levels. Therefore, the history of land use is recorded in the soil's physical, chemical and ecological parameters for many decades. This process depends on time and the form of afforestation, which primarily includes tree species. In our study, we analyzed differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of pine and oak stands on forest and post-agricultural land at 22, 42 and 62 y/o. Our study revealed that 14 of 24 examined parameters (litter pH, soil pH, litter thickness, soil organic matter, C<sub>org</sub>, bulk density, C/N ratio, soil moisture, soil K, Mg and Mn content, N and Ca litter content, Mg litter content) differed significantly among examined habitats (land use, stand age and tree species). We calculated the abundance, species richness and diversity of the mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) for each habitat type. In total, 6730 mites were classified into 72 taxa (60 species, 11 genera and one taxon as family). The highest abundance was recorded in 42 y/o. oak stands on post-agricultural land, while the lowest is in 22 y/o. pine and oak stands on post-agricultural land. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded in the oldest oak stand on post-agricultural land. In contrast, the lowest diversity was recorded in the youngest oak and pine stands on post-agricultural land. Our results demonstrate that the negative impact of the agricultural history of land use weakens over time and provides a better understanding of land use history on the relations between the soil environment and soil fauna, including mesostigmatid mite assemblages.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiuling Yu, Dongmei Qi, Hongxiang Zhou, Shenggao Lu
Land-use conversion profoundly influences the soil pore structure, consequently modifying the soil functions. Investigating the variation of multiscale soil pore structure and their associated functions following land-use change is critical for evaluating land management strategies. However, this topic has not yet been extensively explored in recent studies. In this study, the pore structure of soil following land-use conversion was quantitatively investigated by multiscale X-ray tomography. Intact soil aggregates and undisturbed soil cores were collected from paddy fields (PF) and from vegetable fields were converted from paddy fields for 5 years (VF-5), 13 years (VF-13), and 20 years (VF-20), respectively. Results revealed that the connected porosity of both aggregates and soil cores was significantly increased after land-use conversion. The isolated porosity of soil aggregates increased, while, conversely, it decreased for soil cores. The variance in pore structure was attributed to the development of new pores, including channels created by vegetable roots, fissures, earthworm holes, and packing pores resulting from the decomposition of soil organic matter and the rearrangement of soil particles. The altered pore structure influenced the soil exchangeability and reservation ability. For aggregates, the isolated porosity of PF and VF-5 accounted for over 70% of the total imaged porosity. These aggregates displayed a larger water and carbon reservation ability, but limited exchangeability of air, water, and nutrients. The isolated porosity of VF-13 and VF-20 aggregates accounted for approximately 50% of the total imaged porosity, suggesting they could effectively balance the exchange and storage of air, water, and nutrients. As for soil cores, isolated pores became negligible (<0.2%) following land-use conversion, leading to the emergence of a drainable pore system suitable for vegetable plantation. These findings offer insights into the development of pore structures and the prediction of soil function variations at multiple scales, both of which are crucial for optimizing soil management protocols.
{"title":"Variation of soil pore structure and predication of the related functions following land-use conversion identified by multi-scale X-ray tomography","authors":"Xiuling Yu, Dongmei Qi, Hongxiang Zhou, Shenggao Lu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5264","url":null,"abstract":"Land-use conversion profoundly influences the soil pore structure, consequently modifying the soil functions. Investigating the variation of multiscale soil pore structure and their associated functions following land-use change is critical for evaluating land management strategies. However, this topic has not yet been extensively explored in recent studies. In this study, the pore structure of soil following land-use conversion was quantitatively investigated by multiscale X-ray tomography. Intact soil aggregates and undisturbed soil cores were collected from paddy fields (PF) and from vegetable fields were converted from paddy fields for 5 years (VF-5), 13 years (VF-13), and 20 years (VF-20), respectively. Results revealed that the connected porosity of both aggregates and soil cores was significantly increased after land-use conversion. The isolated porosity of soil aggregates increased, while, conversely, it decreased for soil cores. The variance in pore structure was attributed to the development of new pores, including channels created by vegetable roots, fissures, earthworm holes, and packing pores resulting from the decomposition of soil organic matter and the rearrangement of soil particles. The altered pore structure influenced the soil exchangeability and reservation ability. For aggregates, the isolated porosity of PF and VF-5 accounted for over 70% of the total imaged porosity. These aggregates displayed a larger water and carbon reservation ability, but limited exchangeability of air, water, and nutrients. The isolated porosity of VF-13 and VF-20 aggregates accounted for approximately 50% of the total imaged porosity, suggesting they could effectively balance the exchange and storage of air, water, and nutrients. As for soil cores, isolated pores became negligible (<0.2%) following land-use conversion, leading to the emergence of a drainable pore system suitable for vegetable plantation. These findings offer insights into the development of pore structures and the prediction of soil function variations at multiple scales, both of which are crucial for optimizing soil management protocols.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ángeles Martínez-Toledo, César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández, Arturo Torres-Dosal, Roberto Briones-Gallardo, Adrián Tintos-Gómez, Donaji J. González-Mille
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on soil microbial community functionality and structure. Charcas and Cedral in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, are sites with ancient mining activity. This activity has generated heavy metals (HMs) polluted soils that provoke deleterious effects on microbial community. Sampling was conducted in sites with and without aged mining activity. The parameters analysed were physicochemical properties and PTE concentrations. Functional diversity was evaluated with a community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis, diversity was evaluated using the richness (S), and the indices of Shannon's diversity (H), Simpson's dominance (D) and Pielou's evenness (J) were for the structure evaluation, based on relative substrate utilisation. CLPP results of set of soils indicated the following substrate utilisation pattern: carbohydrates > polymers (POL) > carboxylic/ketonic acids > amino acids (AmA) > amine/amides (A/A). In Cedral, the AmA utilisation favoured the increase of J value. In addition, it was observed that the utilisation of these compounds decreases at a higher concentration of Al and organic matter (OM) but increases at a higher concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni, a phenomenon opposite to that was observed in Charcas. The results of set of soil indicated that AmA utilisation increases the values of S, J, D, and H. These results indicate that the microorganisms in soil are resistant to high PTE concentrations, in that condition they need accessible carbon sources as energy and as nutrients, however, they adapted to use complex carbon sources (POL). Furthermore, it presented low OM mineralisation despite high values of H, or J, then some metabolic processes could be compromised. Therefore, an intervention for soil conservation and monitoring is required.
{"title":"Structural and functional diversity of microbial communities in ancient mining sites from San Luis Potosí, México","authors":"Ángeles Martínez-Toledo, César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández, Arturo Torres-Dosal, Roberto Briones-Gallardo, Adrián Tintos-Gómez, Donaji J. González-Mille","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5261","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on soil microbial community functionality and structure. Charcas and Cedral in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, are sites with ancient mining activity. This activity has generated heavy metals (HMs) polluted soils that provoke deleterious effects on microbial community. Sampling was conducted in sites with and without aged mining activity. The parameters analysed were physicochemical properties and PTE concentrations. Functional diversity was evaluated with a community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis, diversity was evaluated using the richness (<i>S</i>), and the indices of Shannon's diversity (<i>H</i>), Simpson's dominance (<i>D</i>) and Pielou's evenness (<i>J</i>) were for the structure evaluation, based on relative substrate utilisation. CLPP results of set of soils indicated the following substrate utilisation pattern: carbohydrates > polymers (POL) > carboxylic/ketonic acids > amino acids (AmA) > amine/amides (A/A). In Cedral, the AmA utilisation favoured the increase of <i>J</i> value. In addition, it was observed that the utilisation of these compounds decreases at a higher concentration of Al and organic matter (OM) but increases at a higher concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni, a phenomenon opposite to that was observed in Charcas. The results of set of soil indicated that AmA utilisation increases the values of <i>S</i>, <i>J</i>, <i>D</i>, and <i>H</i>. These results indicate that the microorganisms in soil are resistant to high PTE concentrations, in that condition they need accessible carbon sources as energy and as nutrients, however, they adapted to use complex carbon sources (POL). Furthermore, it presented low OM mineralisation despite high values of <i>H</i>, or <i>J</i>, then some metabolic processes could be compromised. Therefore, an intervention for soil conservation and monitoring is required.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased aging of the agricultural population may lead to a reconfiguration of land elements, but existing studies have not analyzed this on a plot level. China's vast hilly and mountainous regions will have a more serious impact on agricultural aging, but this context has still not received enough attention. Based on primary data from 2602 plots and 1080 farm households in the hilly areas of Sichuan, using human capital theory and instrumental variables approach, it is found that aging in agriculture will promote the abandonment of plots in the hilly areas, especially those that are remote, small in size and poor condition. Aging in agriculture will inhibit the out-migration of plots in the hilly areas, and aging increases the abandonment of plots. In addition, this paper finds that the imperfect development of the land transfer market in hilly areas and the strong farmers' land endowment effect are the main reasons limiting land transfer. However, the inhibitory effect of the endowment effect diminishes with age. This study helps to rationally view the value of abandoned land and provides a new research perspective for parcel redistribution.
{"title":"Why do aging households in agriculture prefer land abandonment to transfer? Evidence from hill plots in Sichuan, China","authors":"Yichao Li, Ruisheng Li, Shili Guo, Dingde Xu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5272","url":null,"abstract":"Increased aging of the agricultural population may lead to a reconfiguration of land elements, but existing studies have not analyzed this on a plot level. China's vast hilly and mountainous regions will have a more serious impact on agricultural aging, but this context has still not received enough attention. Based on primary data from 2602 plots and 1080 farm households in the hilly areas of Sichuan, using human capital theory and instrumental variables approach, it is found that aging in agriculture will promote the abandonment of plots in the hilly areas, especially those that are remote, small in size and poor condition. Aging in agriculture will inhibit the out-migration of plots in the hilly areas, and aging increases the abandonment of plots. In addition, this paper finds that the imperfect development of the land transfer market in hilly areas and the strong farmers' land endowment effect are the main reasons limiting land transfer. However, the inhibitory effect of the endowment effect diminishes with age. This study helps to rationally view the value of abandoned land and provides a new research perspective for parcel redistribution.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anu David Raj, Suresh Kumar, K. R. Sooryamol, Justin George Kalambukattu, Sudeep Kumara
Soil erosion emerged as a significant land degradation concern, causing serious threat to soil ecosystem services in the Himalayan region. The complex topography of the region poses limitations to the measurement of soil redistribution (erosion, transport, and deposition) rate, necessitated for the effective soil conservation planning. The study investigated soil redistribution processes over a typical complex hillslope of the mid-Himalayan region using the fallout radionuclide (FRN)—137Cs method and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. It involved a comparison of 137Cs measured soil redistribution and the RUSLE model estimates, aiming to assess its correspondence over the complex hillslope. Analysis of 137Cs measurements revealed the highest net erosion (−13.2 t ha−1 year−1) at the upper hillslope with a convex shape, while sediment deposition occurred at the lower (36.9 t ha−1 year−1) and valley (32.5 t ha−1 year−1) hillslope positions with a concave shape. The RUSLE model also estimated the highest erosion on the upper hillslope (−12.3 t ha−1 year−1) but the lowest erosion at the lower (−0.88 t ha−1 year−1) and valley (−0.32 t ha−1 year−1) hillslopes, that differed with the 137Cs method. The 137Cs method provided soil redistribution rate (either net erosion or deposition), whereas RUSLE model only showed the gross erosion rate. Thus, the estimate from RUSLE corresponds only to hillslope positions with a convex and straight shapes. The distribution of 137Cs measurements has clearly revealed the influence of slope shape and steepness in governing erosion and deposition processes at the hillslope positions with convex and concave slope shapes, respectively. In addition, terraces effectively trap sediments from upslope areas. Investigation of soil erosion using 137Cs measurement along with the RUSLE model helped to validate erosion and deposition processes over the hillslope positions. The study will help to suggest suitable conservation measures for the various hillslope positions in the mid-Himalayan region.
{"title":"Soil redistribution rates along the forested and cultivated steep hillslope in the mid-Himalayas using fallout—137Cs and RUSLE model","authors":"Anu David Raj, Suresh Kumar, K. R. Sooryamol, Justin George Kalambukattu, Sudeep Kumara","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5258","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion emerged as a significant land degradation concern, causing serious threat to soil ecosystem services in the Himalayan region. The complex topography of the region poses limitations to the measurement of soil redistribution (erosion, transport, and deposition) rate, necessitated for the effective soil conservation planning. The study investigated soil redistribution processes over a typical complex hillslope of the mid-Himalayan region using the fallout radionuclide (FRN)—<sup>137</sup>Cs method and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. It involved a comparison of <sup>137</sup>Cs measured soil redistribution and the RUSLE model estimates, aiming to assess its correspondence over the complex hillslope. Analysis of <sup>137</sup>Cs measurements revealed the highest net erosion (−13.2 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) at the upper hillslope with a convex shape, while sediment deposition occurred at the lower (36.9 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) and valley (32.5 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) hillslope positions with a concave shape. The RUSLE model also estimated the highest erosion on the upper hillslope (−12.3 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) but the lowest erosion at the lower (−0.88 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) and valley (−0.32 t ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) hillslopes, that differed with the <sup>137</sup>Cs method. The <sup>137</sup>Cs method provided soil redistribution rate (either net erosion or deposition), whereas RUSLE model only showed the gross erosion rate. Thus, the estimate from RUSLE corresponds only to hillslope positions with a convex and straight shapes. The distribution of <sup>137</sup>Cs measurements has clearly revealed the influence of slope shape and steepness in governing erosion and deposition processes at the hillslope positions with convex and concave slope shapes, respectively. In addition, terraces effectively trap sediments from upslope areas. Investigation of soil erosion using <sup>137</sup>Cs measurement along with the RUSLE model helped to validate erosion and deposition processes over the hillslope positions. The study will help to suggest suitable conservation measures for the various hillslope positions in the mid-Himalayan region.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amisalu Milkias Misebo, Bartłomiej Woś, Edyta Sierka, Marcin Pietrzykowski
Evaluating the impact of vegetation types and reclamation methods on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in carboniferous spoil heaps is critical for selecting the best vegetation type and reclamation method to improve ecosystem services in a changing climate. This paper presents the relationship between vegetation types (woodland, forbland, and grassland) and reclamation techniques (barren rock, topsoil application, succession, and cultivation) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in developing soils on carboniferous rocks in coal mine heaps. Soil samples were collected from the litter layer (Oi + Oe) and the A horizons (0–10 cm). The results revealed that vegetation types and reclamation methods significantly affected SOC and TN stocks. Woodland exhibited higher SOC and TN in the Oi + Oe horizons than other vegetation types. Topsoil application and cultivation resulted in the highest SOC and TN stocks in the A horizons (0–10 cm) under woodland and forbland compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. In grassland, there was no significant difference in SOC stock under topsoil application and cultivation; however, significantly higher TN stock was observed in the 0–10 cm areas with topsoil application compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. Based on the results, topsoil application is recommended to improve SOC if the mining site is restored using woodland. Conversely, grassland exhibits a similar amount of SOC stock with or without topsoil application. Considering the difficulty of obtaining topsoil, we suggest that grasses are optimal for SOC stock in the studied mining sites, followed by forbs.
{"title":"Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a carboniferous spoil heap as a function of vegetation type and reclamation treatment","authors":"Amisalu Milkias Misebo, Bartłomiej Woś, Edyta Sierka, Marcin Pietrzykowski","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5260","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the impact of vegetation types and reclamation methods on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in carboniferous spoil heaps is critical for selecting the best vegetation type and reclamation method to improve ecosystem services in a changing climate. This paper presents the relationship between vegetation types (woodland, forbland, and grassland) and reclamation techniques (barren rock, topsoil application, succession, and cultivation) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in developing soils on carboniferous rocks in coal mine heaps. Soil samples were collected from the litter layer (Oi + Oe) and the A horizons (0–10 cm). The results revealed that vegetation types and reclamation methods significantly affected SOC and TN stocks. Woodland exhibited higher SOC and TN in the Oi + Oe horizons than other vegetation types. Topsoil application and cultivation resulted in the highest SOC and TN stocks in the A horizons (0–10 cm) under woodland and forbland compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. In grassland, there was no significant difference in SOC stock under topsoil application and cultivation; however, significantly higher TN stock was observed in the 0–10 cm areas with topsoil application compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. Based on the results, topsoil application is recommended to improve SOC if the mining site is restored using woodland. Conversely, grassland exhibits a similar amount of SOC stock with or without topsoil application. Considering the difficulty of obtaining topsoil, we suggest that grasses are optimal for SOC stock in the studied mining sites, followed by forbs.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zulqarnain Akbar, Waqas Ali Akbar, Muhammad Irfan, Hafeez Ur Rahim, Usama Khan, Atif Saleem, Shamsher Ali, Kashif Khan
Many years ago, widespread and ineffective technologies led to significant ecological contamination, primarily due to heavy metals (HMs), particularly lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Plant growth in heavy metals contaminated and calcareous soil is a challenge for all the growers worldwide. Several organic and inorganic amendments are used by researchers in different types of soils. However, their impact on soil contaminated with toxic metals and alkaline in reaction is still unclear. Therefore, the current pot experiment investigates the relative effect of organic (wheat straw biochar and farmyard manure) at 10 and 20 t ha−1 and inorganic (diammonium phosphate and gypsum) at 100 and 150 kg ha−1 amendments on NPK availability, soil organic matter, soil properties, and maize growth under Cd and Pb stress. Highest soil pH (7.61), soil electrical conductivity (0.25 dS m−1), soil organic matter (1.40%), plant height (92 cm), shoot dry weight (41 g), and root dry weight (5.5 g) were observed because of biochar application at 20 t ha−1. While the highest total nitrogen (N) (0.13%), and phosphorus (P) (8.16 mg kg−1) were recorded with diammonium phosphate application at 150 kg ha−1, moreover, application of farmyard manure at 20 t ha−1 increased the soil potassium (K) (108.14 mg kg−1). Biochar application at 20 t ha−1 greatly reduced the toxic metals bioavailability with a high immobilization index, that is, Cd (52%) and Pb (43.79%) lead to lower concentrations of metals in roots and shoots as well. A negative correlation was identified between soil pH, soil organic matter, and soil Cd, Pb, demonstrating the positive impact of biochar in terms of the reduction of toxic metals by enhancing pH and soil organic matter, found to be the most effective amendment for soil improvement and plant growth under Cd and Pb stress condition.
{"title":"Comparative effects of organic and inorganic amendments on heavy metal co‐contaminated soil remediation, reducing heavy metal bioavailability and enhancing nutrient accessibility for maize growth","authors":"Zulqarnain Akbar, Waqas Ali Akbar, Muhammad Irfan, Hafeez Ur Rahim, Usama Khan, Atif Saleem, Shamsher Ali, Kashif Khan","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5254","url":null,"abstract":"Many years ago, widespread and ineffective technologies led to significant ecological contamination, primarily due to heavy metals (HMs), particularly lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Plant growth in heavy metals contaminated and calcareous soil is a challenge for all the growers worldwide. Several organic and inorganic amendments are used by researchers in different types of soils. However, their impact on soil contaminated with toxic metals and alkaline in reaction is still unclear. Therefore, the current pot experiment investigates the relative effect of organic (wheat straw biochar and farmyard manure) at 10 and 20 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and inorganic (diammonium phosphate and gypsum) at 100 and 150 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> amendments on NPK availability, soil organic matter, soil properties, and maize growth under Cd and Pb stress. Highest soil pH (7.61), soil electrical conductivity (0.25 dS m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), soil organic matter (1.40%), plant height (92 cm), shoot dry weight (41 g), and root dry weight (5.5 g) were observed because of biochar application at 20 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. While the highest total nitrogen (N) (0.13%), and phosphorus (P) (8.16 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) were recorded with diammonium phosphate application at 150 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, moreover, application of farmyard manure at 20 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> increased the soil potassium (K) (108.14 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Biochar application at 20 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> greatly reduced the toxic metals bioavailability with a high immobilization index, that is, Cd (52%) and Pb (43.79%) lead to lower concentrations of metals in roots and shoots as well. A negative correlation was identified between soil pH, soil organic matter, and soil Cd, Pb, demonstrating the positive impact of biochar in terms of the reduction of toxic metals by enhancing pH and soil organic matter, found to be the most effective amendment for soil improvement and plant growth under Cd and Pb stress condition.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dewy Verhoeven, Ezra Berkhout, Annelies Sewell, Stefan van der Esch
Land restoration and sustainable land management projects have now been proposed for up to a billion hectares globally, responding to continuous land degradation processes. But, a lack of reliable cost estimates hinders implementation, which results in a high perceived risk of restoration investments. This study addresses this gap, using cost data from 243 restoration projects from multiple sources to estimate the cost ranges for different types of restoration more precisely. The analysis shows median restoration costs vary from 185 $US/ha to 3012 $US/ha depending on the restoration measure, implying current global land restoration commitment cost 0.04%–0.27% of annual global GDP to implement. Since the majority of these commitments are made by developing countries, international cost-sharing mechanisms, through climate or private finance, are required to move from goal setting to implementation.
为应对持续的土地退化进程，现已提出在全球多达十亿公顷的土地上开展土地恢复和可持续土地管理项目。但是，缺乏可靠的成本估算阻碍了项目的实施，导致人们认为恢复投资的风险很高。本研究利用来自多个来源的 243 个恢复项目的成本数据，更精确地估算了不同类型恢复的成本范围，从而弥补了这一不足。分析表明，根据不同的恢复措施，恢复成本的中位数从 185 美元/公顷到 3012 美元/公顷不等，这意味着目前全球土地恢复承诺的实施成本占全球年度 GDP 的 0.04%-0.27%。由于这些承诺大多由发展中国家做出，因此需要通过气候或私人融资建立国际成本分担机制，以实现从目标设定到实施的转变。
{"title":"The global cost of international commitments on land restoration","authors":"Dewy Verhoeven, Ezra Berkhout, Annelies Sewell, Stefan van der Esch","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5263","url":null,"abstract":"Land restoration and sustainable land management projects have now been proposed for up to a billion hectares globally, responding to continuous land degradation processes. But, a lack of reliable cost estimates hinders implementation, which results in a high perceived risk of restoration investments. This study addresses this gap, using cost data from 243 restoration projects from multiple sources to estimate the cost ranges for different types of restoration more precisely. The analysis shows median restoration costs vary from 185 $US/ha to 3012 $US/ha depending on the restoration measure, implying current global land restoration commitment cost 0.04%–0.27% of annual global GDP to implement. Since the majority of these commitments are made by developing countries, international cost-sharing mechanisms, through climate or private finance, are required to move from goal setting to implementation.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142043108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号