Weathered coal (WC) is a unique coal resource that causes environmental pollution when stockpiled long but can be effectively used as a soil conditioner due to its high organic content. However, direct use of WC for soil amendment is not very efficient in utilizing its nutrients. In this study, WC was biotransformed using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and surfactant Tween‐80 to release small‐molecule humic acids from WC. Different proportions (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) of WC and weathered coal biotransformation product (WCB) were added to pots with wind‐sandy soil, and alfalfa ( M. sativa ) was grown in a greenhouse for 90 days. Our aim was to increase WC's small‐molecule humic acid content and explore WCB's amelioration effect and mechanism through plant growth indicators, photosynthesis, nutrient utilization efficiency, soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that WC increased the nutrients and nutrient availability of wind‐sand soil by releasing small humic acids through biotransformation and thus promoted plant growth. WCB was significantly better than WC in improving soil nutrients, soil nutrient availability, and plant growth, with 5% being the optimum level. Soil quick nutrients were significantly increased by 3–4 times in 5% WCB treatment. Plant height was significantly increased by 1.51 times and biomass by 17.6%. Plant nutrient utilization efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance also increased significantly. Our research provides data support and potential evidence for wind‐sandy soil improvement and WC's efficient use.
{"title":"Weathered Coal Biotransformation: A Novel Approach to Improve Wind‐Sandy Soil Quality and Promoting Plant Growth","authors":"Meirui Li, Qian Tong, Kanghui Zhu, Wenxuan Xin, Xinping Mao, Fengpeng Han, Chaoyi Luo","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70461","url":null,"abstract":"Weathered coal (WC) is a unique coal resource that causes environmental pollution when stockpiled long but can be effectively used as a soil conditioner due to its high organic content. However, direct use of WC for soil amendment is not very efficient in utilizing its nutrients. In this study, WC was biotransformed using <jats:italic>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</jats:italic> and surfactant Tween‐80 to release small‐molecule humic acids from WC. Different proportions (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) of WC and weathered coal biotransformation product (WCB) were added to pots with wind‐sandy soil, and alfalfa ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>M. sativa</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ) was grown in a greenhouse for 90 days. Our aim was to increase WC's small‐molecule humic acid content and explore WCB's amelioration effect and mechanism through plant growth indicators, photosynthesis, nutrient utilization efficiency, soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that WC increased the nutrients and nutrient availability of wind‐sand soil by releasing small humic acids through biotransformation and thus promoted plant growth. WCB was significantly better than WC in improving soil nutrients, soil nutrient availability, and plant growth, with 5% being the optimum level. Soil quick nutrients were significantly increased by 3–4 times in 5% WCB treatment. Plant height was significantly increased by 1.51 times and biomass by 17.6%. Plant nutrient utilization efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance also increased significantly. Our research provides data support and potential evidence for wind‐sandy soil improvement and WC's efficient use.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quancai Yang, Fujin Ye, Meiling Zhang, Haiqing Zheng
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are fundamental indicators of soil fertility and ecosystem stability, especially in grasslands that are highly sensitive to climate change and grazing disturbances. In this study, we evaluated the responses of SOC and TN dynamics to future climate factors (temperature and precipitation) and grazing intensities across the Gannan grasslands. The DayCent model was used to simulate SOC and TN stocks for 2025–2075 under four CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) and three grazing intensities (low, medium, and high). To capture nonlinear patterns and interaction effects, we coupled DayCent outputs with generalized additive models (GAM) to characterize smooth response trends and with XGBoost plus SHAP to quantify variable importance and interaction contributions. Beyond confirming climate as the primary control, we identified management-relevant thresholds: SOC and TN losses accelerate once annual maximum temperature exceeds ~8.5°C, annual mean temperature exceeds ~10°C, or annual precipitation departs from the ~1200–1400 mm optimum, with the steepest declines under high grazing. SHAP further pinpointed two governing interaction pathways—maximum temperature × precipitation and grazing × mean temperature—providing actionable targets for adaptive grazing to dampen climate sensitivity and stabilize soil C and N under future warming.
{"title":"Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Responses to Climate Scenarios and Grazing Gradients in the Gannan Grasslands 2025–2075","authors":"Quancai Yang, Fujin Ye, Meiling Zhang, Haiqing Zheng","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70436","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are fundamental indicators of soil fertility and ecosystem stability, especially in grasslands that are highly sensitive to climate change and grazing disturbances. In this study, we evaluated the responses of SOC and TN dynamics to future climate factors (temperature and precipitation) and grazing intensities across the Gannan grasslands. The DayCent model was used to simulate SOC and TN stocks for 2025–2075 under four CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) and three grazing intensities (low, medium, and high). To capture nonlinear patterns and interaction effects, we coupled DayCent outputs with generalized additive models (GAM) to characterize smooth response trends and with XGBoost plus SHAP to quantify variable importance and interaction contributions. Beyond confirming climate as the primary control, we identified management-relevant thresholds: SOC and TN losses accelerate once annual maximum temperature exceeds ~8.5°C, annual mean temperature exceeds ~10°C, or annual precipitation departs from the ~1200–1400 mm optimum, with the steepest declines under high grazing. SHAP further pinpointed two governing interaction pathways—maximum temperature × precipitation and grazing × mean temperature—providing actionable targets for adaptive grazing to dampen climate sensitivity and stabilize soil C and N under future warming.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subhash Babu, Raghavendra Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, Sanjay Singh Rathore, Sanjeev Kumar, Anup Das, Ramkrushna Gandhiji Idapuganti, Devideen Yadav, Amit Kumar, Jayanta Layek, Azad Singh Panwar, Vinod Kumar Singh
Soil carbon (C) depletion is a prime indicator of land degradation. Cropping system intensification with short-duration legumes is a perceived important strategy to restore soil C in agricultural land. Hence, the impact of six cropping systems (maize [Zea mays]—French bean [Phaseolus vulgaris], maize–soybean [Glycine max], maize–urdbean [Vigna mungo], maize–mungbean [Vigna radiata], maize–toria [Brassica campestris var. toria], and maize–fallow) was evaluated on soil C fractions and pools, C-resilience, C management index, and soil biological properties in a fixed plot fashion for 7 years in Meghalaya, India. Results showed that the maize–French bean system sequestered maximum C (0.54 and 0.51 Mg ha−1 year−1) at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depth, respectively. Furthermore, the maize–French bean system had 6.52% and 11.91% higher active soil C pools over the maize–fallow system at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depth, respectively. Concerning SOC fractions, soils under the maize–French bean had the maximum VLC (37.66%) and NLC (34.31%) proportion in SOC, followed by the maize-soybean system at soil depth of 0–10 cm. The upper soil depth (0–10 cm) had more C depletion and lower C recovery over lower soil layers (10–20 cm depth), regardless of cropping systems. The maize–French bean system had 25.7% and 30.2% less soil C depletion over the maize–fallow system at a soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively. More interestingly, soil under maize–French bean had maximum C-resilience and C-sensitivity index. Concerning soil biological properties, the soil in the maize–French bean system recorded maximum SMBC (295.75 μg g−1 soil) and DHA (15.48 μg TPF g−1 soil h−1) at 0–10 cm depth. However, acid phosphatase activities were maximum in the maize–soybean cropping system (2.71 and 1.97 μg p-nitrophenol g−1 soil h−1 in 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively). The study inferred that the inclusion of French bean and/or soybean as a succeeding crop in the maize monocropping system is a highly effective approach for restoring soil C and improving soil biological properties in the uplands of Meghalaya region of India.
{"title":"Assessment of Organic Carbon Stock and Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Across Different Cropping Systems in the Red and Laterite Soils of Meghalaya, India","authors":"Subhash Babu, Raghavendra Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, Sanjay Singh Rathore, Sanjeev Kumar, Anup Das, Ramkrushna Gandhiji Idapuganti, Devideen Yadav, Amit Kumar, Jayanta Layek, Azad Singh Panwar, Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70445","url":null,"abstract":"Soil carbon (C) depletion is a prime indicator of land degradation. Cropping system intensification with short-duration legumes is a perceived important strategy to restore soil C in agricultural land. Hence, the impact of six cropping systems (maize [<i>Zea mays</i>]—French bean [<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>], maize–soybean [<i>Glycine max</i>], maize–urdbean [<i>Vigna mungo</i>], maize–mungbean [<i>Vigna radiata</i>], maize–toria [<i>Brassica campestris</i> var. toria], and maize–fallow) was evaluated on soil C fractions and pools, C-resilience, C management index, and soil biological properties in a fixed plot fashion for 7 years in Meghalaya, India. Results showed that the maize–French bean system sequestered maximum C (0.54 and 0.51 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depth, respectively. Furthermore, the maize–French bean system had 6.52% and 11.91% higher active soil C pools over the maize–fallow system at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depth, respectively. Concerning SOC fractions, soils under the maize–French bean had the maximum VLC (37.66%) and NLC (34.31%) proportion in SOC, followed by the maize-soybean system at soil depth of 0–10 cm. The upper soil depth (0–10 cm) had more C depletion and lower C recovery over lower soil layers (10–20 cm depth), regardless of cropping systems. The maize–French bean system had 25.7% and 30.2% less soil C depletion over the maize–fallow system at a soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively. More interestingly, soil under maize–French bean had maximum C-resilience and C-sensitivity index. Concerning soil biological properties, the soil in the maize–French bean system recorded maximum SMBC (295.75 μg g<sup>−1</sup> soil) and DHA (15.48 μg TPF g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup>) at 0–10 cm depth. However, acid phosphatase activities were maximum in the maize–soybean cropping system (2.71 and 1.97 μg p-nitrophenol g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup> in 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively). The study inferred that the inclusion of French bean and/or soybean as a succeeding crop in the maize monocropping system is a highly effective approach for restoring soil C and improving soil biological properties in the uplands of Meghalaya region of India.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some croplands in hilly and mountainous regions worldwide are cycling between being abandoned and re-cultivated. However, even government-led re-cultivation efforts in some areas remain vulnerable to being abandoned again. This study examines how farmers' experiences of re-cultivating abandoned cropland (ERAC) influence their current willingness to re-cultivate abandoned cropland (WRAC). The study employs an analytical framework based on self-perception theory, utilizes the ordered logistic model, and draws on empirical data from hilly and mountainous areas in Hunan and Jiangxi, China. The results show that farmers' ERAC significantly boosts their WRAC. Specifically, farmers with ERAC are more likely to report being “strongly willing” or “relatively willing” to engage in the re-cultivation of abandoned cropland (RAC). At the same time, they are less likely to report being “relatively unwilling” or “uncertain.” In turn, there is no significant difference in the likelihood of reporting being “strongly unwilling.” Both spontaneous and policy-guided ERAC positively impact farmers' WRAC, with no significant difference between the two. Both ERAC involving food crops and that involving cash crops positively impact farmers' WRAC. Importantly, the effect of ERAC involving cash crops is significantly greater than that of ERAC involving food crops. These results suggest that encouraging farmers with ERAC to engage in RAC should be a priority, along with strategic guidance for their involvement in food crop re-cultivation, to effectively revitalize abandoned cropland.
{"title":"Impact of Different Re-Cultivation Models on Abandoned Cropland Reuse in China","authors":"Hua Lu, Shaofeng Yu, Long Yang, Jinlang Zou","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70463","url":null,"abstract":"Some croplands in hilly and mountainous regions worldwide are cycling between being abandoned and re-cultivated. However, even government-led re-cultivation efforts in some areas remain vulnerable to being abandoned again. This study examines how farmers' experiences of re-cultivating abandoned cropland (ERAC) influence their current willingness to re-cultivate abandoned cropland (WRAC). The study employs an analytical framework based on self-perception theory, utilizes the ordered logistic model, and draws on empirical data from hilly and mountainous areas in Hunan and Jiangxi, China. The results show that farmers' ERAC significantly boosts their WRAC. Specifically, farmers with ERAC are more likely to report being “strongly willing” or “relatively willing” to engage in the re-cultivation of abandoned cropland (RAC). At the same time, they are less likely to report being “relatively unwilling” or “uncertain.” In turn, there is no significant difference in the likelihood of reporting being “strongly unwilling.” Both spontaneous and policy-guided ERAC positively impact farmers' WRAC, with no significant difference between the two. Both ERAC involving food crops and that involving cash crops positively impact farmers' WRAC. Importantly, the effect of ERAC involving cash crops is significantly greater than that of ERAC involving food crops. These results suggest that encouraging farmers with ERAC to engage in RAC should be a priority, along with strategic guidance for their involvement in food crop re-cultivation, to effectively revitalize abandoned cropland.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fábio Farias Amorim, Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva, Rennan Cabral Nascimento, Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva, Angelo Jamil Maia, Tales Tiecher, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Yusheng Zhang, Hari Ram Upadhayay, Simon Pulley, Adrian L. Collins
Uncertainties about the applicability of δ13C and δ15N as tracers of sediment sources in tropical river basins highlight the need for more in-depth investigations of these isotopes. This study therefore assessed the effectiveness of δ13C and δ15N signatures in discriminating sediment sources in an agricultural catchment in Northeast Brazil. Three potential sediment sources were sampled as follows: unpaved roads, sugarcane cultivation, and channel banks. Suspended and riverbed sediments were used as target sediments. Source and sediment samples were sieved to two particle size fractions: < 63 and < 32 μm. The isotopes were evaluated using conservativeness tests, Kruskal–Wallis, linear discriminant analysis, and virtual mixtures. Our results indicated that δ13C and δ15N together are effective tracers for modeling sediment sources, providing significant detail on sediment delivery patterns in a tropical catchment under intensive land use. Both fractions showed no significant differences in conservativeness or source apportionment. However, the < 63 μm fraction yielded more robust discrimination potential and model estimates. Therefore, future studies in other catchments under similar conditions could focus on a single fraction, preferably the fraction < 63 μm, optimizing effort without compromising scientific robustness. Channel banks contributed the majority of sediment in both size fractions, indicating that agricultural expansion into riparian zones—resulting in the absence or inadequate type of vegetation cover—has accelerated erosion. This underscores the urgent need to restore riparian forests and protect these vulnerable areas, while also emphasizing the importance of developing innovative, interdisciplinary approaches to effectively manage and integrate riparian vegetation into landscape planning and water resource strategies.
{"title":"Carbon, Nitrogen, and Corresponding Stable Isotope Signatures Reveal Channel Banks as Major Sediment Sources in a Tropical Agricultural Watershed","authors":"Fábio Farias Amorim, Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva, Rennan Cabral Nascimento, Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva, Angelo Jamil Maia, Tales Tiecher, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Yusheng Zhang, Hari Ram Upadhayay, Simon Pulley, Adrian L. Collins","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70437","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainties about the applicability of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N as tracers of sediment sources in tropical river basins highlight the need for more in-depth investigations of these isotopes. This study therefore assessed the effectiveness of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N signatures in discriminating sediment sources in an agricultural catchment in Northeast Brazil. Three potential sediment sources were sampled as follows: unpaved roads, sugarcane cultivation, and channel banks. Suspended and riverbed sediments were used as target sediments. Source and sediment samples were sieved to two particle size fractions: < 63 and < 32 μm. The isotopes were evaluated using conservativeness tests, Kruskal–Wallis, linear discriminant analysis, and virtual mixtures. Our results indicated that δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N together are effective tracers for modeling sediment sources, providing significant detail on sediment delivery patterns in a tropical catchment under intensive land use. Both fractions showed no significant differences in conservativeness or source apportionment. However, the < 63 μm fraction yielded more robust discrimination potential and model estimates. Therefore, future studies in other catchments under similar conditions could focus on a single fraction, preferably the fraction < 63 μm, optimizing effort without compromising scientific robustness. Channel banks contributed the majority of sediment in both size fractions, indicating that agricultural expansion into riparian zones—resulting in the absence or inadequate type of vegetation cover—has accelerated erosion. This underscores the urgent need to restore riparian forests and protect these vulnerable areas, while also emphasizing the importance of developing innovative, interdisciplinary approaches to effectively manage and integrate riparian vegetation into landscape planning and water resource strategies.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baoyu Wang, Fangyu Hu, Jing An, Youran Li, Jinhao Dong, Hewei Song, Yan Zang, Shaokuan Yan, Bin Lin
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in livestock and poultry manure can enter the soil and subsequently migrate into vegetables, posing a threat to agricultural product safety and human health. However, the distribution and cross‐medium transmission of ARGs are influenced by multiple factors including the source of manure, soil types and vegetable species. In this study, 27 leafy vegetable samples and their rhizosphere soil, as well as the 39 manure samples were collected from the black soil vegetable area to investigate the distribution characteristics and cross‐media transmission of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). The results revealed that 36 out of the 37 target TRGs were detected in manure samples, with the highest relative abundance observed in chicken manure, followed by pig manure. Although 28 TRGs were detected in the soil, their relative abundance was significantly lower than that in the manure. Fourteen TRGs were identified in vegetables, and their total relative abundance was the lowest among the three types of samples. The abundance of TRGs in vegetables decreased in the following order: shallot, celery, and lettuce. Moreover, a total of 12 TRGs and 3 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were simultaneously detected in manure, soil and vegetable samples. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships ( p < 0.05) between TRGs (e.g., tet A and tet B) and MGEs ( tnp A and int I‐1) across all three sample types. MGEs represent the primary drivers of the cross‐media migration of TRGs from manure through soil to endophytic bacteria in vegetables. These findings advance our understanding of the dynamics of ARGs in the soil–plant system and highlight the critical need for improved manure management practices to mitigate the dissemination of ARGs in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Distribution Characteristics and Cross‐Media Transmission of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Black Soil Farmland and Vegetable Under Manure Fertilization","authors":"Baoyu Wang, Fangyu Hu, Jing An, Youran Li, Jinhao Dong, Hewei Song, Yan Zang, Shaokuan Yan, Bin Lin","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70319","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in livestock and poultry manure can enter the soil and subsequently migrate into vegetables, posing a threat to agricultural product safety and human health. However, the distribution and cross‐medium transmission of ARGs are influenced by multiple factors including the source of manure, soil types and vegetable species. In this study, 27 leafy vegetable samples and their rhizosphere soil, as well as the 39 manure samples were collected from the black soil vegetable area to investigate the distribution characteristics and cross‐media transmission of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). The results revealed that 36 out of the 37 target TRGs were detected in manure samples, with the highest relative abundance observed in chicken manure, followed by pig manure. Although 28 TRGs were detected in the soil, their relative abundance was significantly lower than that in the manure. Fourteen TRGs were identified in vegetables, and their total relative abundance was the lowest among the three types of samples. The abundance of TRGs in vegetables decreased in the following order: shallot, celery, and lettuce. Moreover, a total of 12 TRGs and 3 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were simultaneously detected in manure, soil and vegetable samples. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05) between TRGs (e.g., <jats:italic>tet</jats:italic> A and <jats:italic>tet</jats:italic> B) and MGEs ( <jats:italic>tnp</jats:italic> A and <jats:italic>int</jats:italic> I‐1) across all three sample types. MGEs represent the primary drivers of the cross‐media migration of TRGs from manure through soil to endophytic bacteria in vegetables. These findings advance our understanding of the dynamics of ARGs in the soil–plant system and highlight the critical need for improved manure management practices to mitigate the dissemination of ARGs in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecosystems are facing multiple pressures from limited natural resources, population growth, and climate change, which challenges the achievement of sustainable development goals. The combination of agriculture and photovoltaic power generation can mitigate multiple societal challenges. However, it is still poorly understood whether photovoltaic benefits multiple ecosystem functions and the impact of different types of photovoltaic panels on ecological functions. To quantify the ecosystem impact of photovoltaic systems, we conducted a field study under and outside the photovoltaic panels, and we measured plant structure, carbon stocks, soil stability, and soil nutrients to represent the characterization of the whole ecosystem function. We found that photovoltaic panels facilitated plant structure recovery (e.g., height, cover, and aboveground biomass) due to the shade effect and the input of clean water. However, the photovoltaic panels' construction had a negative impact on soil properties, with soil stability decreasing and soil nutrient loss. Fixed panels had greater carbon stock and soil water content, whereas rotating panels proved more effective in controlling plant growth and reducing fire hazards. The differences between fixed and rotating panels mainly lay in the difference in shade effect and the ease of access for sheep entering under the photovoltaic panels. Our study indicated that the “photovoltaic‐grass‐sheep” land management facilitated multiple sustainable development goals and provided a win‐win situation for herders and solar operators.
{"title":"Photovoltaic Panels Can Promote Ecological Function in Semiarid Areas","authors":"Yanzhen Hou, Jingyi Ding, Wenwu Zhao, Lizhi Jia, Ting Hua, Xuan Gao","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70411","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystems are facing multiple pressures from limited natural resources, population growth, and climate change, which challenges the achievement of sustainable development goals. The combination of agriculture and photovoltaic power generation can mitigate multiple societal challenges. However, it is still poorly understood whether photovoltaic benefits multiple ecosystem functions and the impact of different types of photovoltaic panels on ecological functions. To quantify the ecosystem impact of photovoltaic systems, we conducted a field study under and outside the photovoltaic panels, and we measured plant structure, carbon stocks, soil stability, and soil nutrients to represent the characterization of the whole ecosystem function. We found that photovoltaic panels facilitated plant structure recovery (e.g., height, cover, and aboveground biomass) due to the shade effect and the input of clean water. However, the photovoltaic panels' construction had a negative impact on soil properties, with soil stability decreasing and soil nutrient loss. Fixed panels had greater carbon stock and soil water content, whereas rotating panels proved more effective in controlling plant growth and reducing fire hazards. The differences between fixed and rotating panels mainly lay in the difference in shade effect and the ease of access for sheep entering under the photovoltaic panels. Our study indicated that the “photovoltaic‐grass‐sheep” land management facilitated multiple sustainable development goals and provided a win‐win situation for herders and solar operators.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Zhang, Jason Beringer, Xiaofei Ma, Geping Luo, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Piet Termonia, Rafiq Hamdi, Philippe De Maeyer
The escalating frequency and intensity of wildfires globally necessitate a deeper understanding of ecosystem carbon dynamics post-disturbance. This study utilizes a valuable pre- and postfire eddy-covariance dataset from the AU-Wac site to quantify the recovery of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a carbon-dense Eucalyptus regnans forest following the catastrophic 2009 Black Saturday wildfire. Our findings, derived from Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) modeling of no-fire scenarios and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS)-smoothed recovery indices (Div and Sub), indicate that the forest returned to an initial net carbon uptake 16 months postfire, exhibited its peak recovery rate at 44 months, and regained prefire NEE levels by 48 months, with a total carbon loss of 44.34 t C/ha. Our analysis, employing random forest (RF) regression, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and Spearman correlation for key factor analysis, considering both lagged and cumulative effects, further reveals a fundamental shift in NEE drivers. From prefire air temperature and soil water content control, postfire NEE became predominantly governed by soil temperature and water content along with atmospheric humidity, exhibiting stronger multifactor couplings. These results emphasize the crucial role of postfire hydrological conditions for recovery and provide critical science-based information for proactive forest management, including prescribed burning and enhanced biodiversity, to mitigate degradation and maintain carbon sequestration in fire-prone regions.
全球范围内野火发生的频率和强度不断上升，需要对扰动后的生态系统碳动态有更深入的了解。本研究利用来自AU-Wac站点的有价值的火前和火后涡流协方差数据集，量化了2009年黑色星期六灾难性野火后碳密集的桉树森林生态系统净二氧化碳交换（NEE）的恢复。基于无火情景的贝叶斯加性回归树（BART）模型和局部估计的散点图平滑（黄土）平滑恢复指数（Div和Sub）的研究结果表明，森林在火灾后16个月恢复到初始净碳吸收，在44个月达到峰值，在48个月恢复到火灾前的NEE水平，总碳损失为44.34 t C/ha。我们的分析采用随机森林（RF）回归、SHapley加性解释（SHAP）和Spearman相关进行关键因素分析，考虑了滞后效应和累积效应，进一步揭示了新能源经济驱动因素的根本转变。从火灾前的空气温度和土壤含水量控制来看，火灾后的NEE主要受土壤温度和含水量以及大气湿度的控制，表现出更强的多因素耦合。这些结果强调了火灾后水文条件对恢复的关键作用，并为主动森林管理提供了关键的科学信息，包括规定焚烧和增强生物多样性，以减轻火灾易发地区的退化和保持碳固存。
{"title":"Assessing Vegetation Recovery and Carbon Dynamics in Eucalyptus regnans Forests Following the 2009 Black Saturday Wildfire: Implications for Disaster Risk Reduction","authors":"Yu Zhang, Jason Beringer, Xiaofei Ma, Geping Luo, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Piet Termonia, Rafiq Hamdi, Philippe De Maeyer","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70459","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating frequency and intensity of wildfires globally necessitate a deeper understanding of ecosystem carbon dynamics post-disturbance. This study utilizes a valuable pre- and postfire eddy-covariance dataset from the AU-Wac site to quantify the recovery of net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) in a carbon-dense <i>Eucalyptus regnans</i> forest following the catastrophic 2009 Black Saturday wildfire. Our findings, derived from Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) modeling of no-fire scenarios and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS)-smoothed recovery indices (Div and Sub), indicate that the forest returned to an initial net carbon uptake 16 months postfire, exhibited its peak recovery rate at 44 months, and regained prefire NEE levels by 48 months, with a total carbon loss of 44.34 t C/ha. Our analysis, employing random forest (RF) regression, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and Spearman correlation for key factor analysis, considering both lagged and cumulative effects, further reveals a fundamental shift in NEE drivers. From prefire air temperature and soil water content control, postfire NEE became predominantly governed by soil temperature and water content along with atmospheric humidity, exhibiting stronger multifactor couplings. These results emphasize the crucial role of postfire hydrological conditions for recovery and provide critical science-based information for proactive forest management, including prescribed burning and enhanced biodiversity, to mitigate degradation and maintain carbon sequestration in fire-prone regions.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Northern China represents a critical region for soil wind erosion research due to its high susceptibility and ecological vulnerability. This study employs a parameter‐optimized RWEQ model, incorporating freeze–thaw dynamics and refined land‐use coefficients along with data from 171 meteorological stations, to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of soil wind erosion across approximately 5.4 million square kilometers in northern China from 1980 to 2023. The results show that the average annual wind erosion rate in northern China decreased from 4864.48 t·km −2 ·a −1 in 1980 to 3117.32 t·km −2 ·a −1 in 2023, representing a total reduction of 36.0%. Moderate and severe erosion gradually transitioned to slight and mild levels, indicating an overall improving trend. Temporally, the evolution exhibited four distinct phases: a rapid decline (1980–1990), with a total erosion reduction of 25.5% and an average annual reduction of 674.23 million tons; a decelerated decline (1990–2010), during which erosion further decreased by 32.5% relative to 1990 levels, with an average annual reduction of 319.68 million tons; a stagnation phase (2010–2020), characterized by a minimal reduction of only 4.8% compared to 2010, with an average annual reduction of 6.385 million tons; and a significant rebound (2020–2023), marked by a 27.9% increase in total erosion and an average annual increase of 1230.34 million tons. Spatially, erosion intensity markedly decreased in the Northeast Plain and North China Plain, while high‐risk areas persisted in western regions such as the Tarim Basin and Inner Mongolia Plateau, underscoring the substantial contribution of western deserts to wind erosion. Factor detection identified potential evapotranspiration ( q = 0.55–0.65) and soil sand content ( q > 0.3) as the primary driving factors, with NDVI and silt content also exhibiting substantial explanatory power ( q > 0.25). The interaction between vegetation and climatic factors, such as NDVI and precipitation, shifted from nonlinear enhancement to bilinear enhancement, reflecting a progressive saturation of vegetation's inhibitory effect on erosion as canopy cover increased. After 2010, the saturation of vegetation‐related erosion control, coupled with intensified anthropogenic pressure, contributed to the stagnation and subsequent rebound in regional erosion levels. This study emphasizes the urgency of implementing differentiated vegetation restoration and soil improvement techniques in key regions, providing a scientific basis for optimizing wind erosion prevention and ecological restoration strategies in arid and semi‐arid areas.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Soil Wind Erosion in Northern China","authors":"Xingyao Wu, Huishi Du, Eerdun Hasi","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70448","url":null,"abstract":"Northern China represents a critical region for soil wind erosion research due to its high susceptibility and ecological vulnerability. This study employs a parameter‐optimized RWEQ model, incorporating freeze–thaw dynamics and refined land‐use coefficients along with data from 171 meteorological stations, to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of soil wind erosion across approximately 5.4 million square kilometers in northern China from 1980 to 2023. The results show that the average annual wind erosion rate in northern China decreased from 4864.48 t·km <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> ·a <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 1980 to 3117.32 t·km <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> ·a <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 2023, representing a total reduction of 36.0%. Moderate and severe erosion gradually transitioned to slight and mild levels, indicating an overall improving trend. Temporally, the evolution exhibited four distinct phases: a rapid decline (1980–1990), with a total erosion reduction of 25.5% and an average annual reduction of 674.23 million tons; a decelerated decline (1990–2010), during which erosion further decreased by 32.5% relative to 1990 levels, with an average annual reduction of 319.68 million tons; a stagnation phase (2010–2020), characterized by a minimal reduction of only 4.8% compared to 2010, with an average annual reduction of 6.385 million tons; and a significant rebound (2020–2023), marked by a 27.9% increase in total erosion and an average annual increase of 1230.34 million tons. Spatially, erosion intensity markedly decreased in the Northeast Plain and North China Plain, while high‐risk areas persisted in western regions such as the Tarim Basin and Inner Mongolia Plateau, underscoring the substantial contribution of western deserts to wind erosion. Factor detection identified potential evapotranspiration ( <jats:italic>q</jats:italic> = 0.55–0.65) and soil sand content ( <jats:italic>q</jats:italic> > 0.3) as the primary driving factors, with NDVI and silt content also exhibiting substantial explanatory power ( <jats:italic>q</jats:italic> > 0.25). The interaction between vegetation and climatic factors, such as NDVI and precipitation, shifted from nonlinear enhancement to bilinear enhancement, reflecting a progressive saturation of vegetation's inhibitory effect on erosion as canopy cover increased. After 2010, the saturation of vegetation‐related erosion control, coupled with intensified anthropogenic pressure, contributed to the stagnation and subsequent rebound in regional erosion levels. This study emphasizes the urgency of implementing differentiated vegetation restoration and soil improvement techniques in key regions, providing a scientific basis for optimizing wind erosion prevention and ecological restoration strategies in arid and semi‐arid areas.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the socio‐economic development of Burkina Faso, employing a large proportion of the population and contributing significantly to national GDP. However, this sector faces critical challenges, notably rapid soil degradation, declining fertility and the increasing vulnerability of farming systems to climate variability. To mitigate these issues, soil and water conservation (SWC/SDR) techniques have been widely promoted and implemented at the individual farm level. While these practices have proven beneficial locally, they often fail to capture broader landscape‐scale benefits. In contrast, watershed‐based approaches integrate land and water management across multiple plots, generating substantial positive externalities, including reduced upstream runoff, diminished downstream erosion and enhanced ecosystem services. This study investigates farmers' acceptance of the watershed approach in the context of sustainability goals, using a survey of 101 farmers across Lallé, Kroumwéogo and Zémalga in the Zam municipality. The results indicate strong support for collective management: 85.1% of respondents favour watershed‐based interventions, compared to only 21.8% for individual management, with nearly all farmers (99%) willing to participate in collective work. Regression analysis ( R2 = 0.19, p < 0.01) identifies income level, prior experience with collective action and mutual aid networks as significant predictors of willingness to engage even at greater distances. These findings highlight the potential of watershed‐based approaches to improve soil fertility, increase agricultural productivity, foster cooperation and contribute directly to Sustainable Development Goals 2, 13 and 15.
农业在布基纳法索的社会经济发展中发挥着关键作用，为很大一部分人口提供就业，并对国家GDP做出了重大贡献。然而，该部门面临着严峻的挑战，特别是土壤迅速退化、肥力下降以及农业系统对气候变化的脆弱性日益增加。为了缓解这些问题，水土保持（SWC/SDR）技术已在个体农场层面得到广泛推广和实施。虽然这些做法已被证明在当地是有益的，但它们往往无法获得更广泛的景观效益。相比之下，基于流域的方法在多个地块上整合了土地和水资源管理，产生了大量的积极外部性，包括减少上游径流、减少下游侵蚀和增强生态系统服务。本研究调查了农民在可持续发展目标背景下对流域方法的接受程度，使用了对Zam市lall、kroumwsamugo和zsamuga的101名农民的调查。结果表明，集体管理得到了强烈支持：85.1%的受访者支持基于流域的干预措施，而只有21.8%的受访者支持个人管理，几乎所有农民（99%）都愿意参与集体工作。回归分析（r2 = 0.19, p < 0.01）确定收入水平、集体行动的先前经验和互助网络是参与意愿的重要预测因素，即使在更远的距离。这些发现突出了基于流域的方法在改善土壤肥力、提高农业生产力、促进合作和直接促进可持续发展目标2、13和15方面的潜力。
{"title":"Watershed‐Based Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Ecosystem Management in Burkina Faso","authors":"Sidnoma Abdoul Aziz Traoré, Sheila Médina Karambiri, Sanata Nikiéma, Yacinthe Compaoré","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70403","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the socio‐economic development of Burkina Faso, employing a large proportion of the population and contributing significantly to national GDP. However, this sector faces critical challenges, notably rapid soil degradation, declining fertility and the increasing vulnerability of farming systems to climate variability. To mitigate these issues, soil and water conservation (SWC/SDR) techniques have been widely promoted and implemented at the individual farm level. While these practices have proven beneficial locally, they often fail to capture broader landscape‐scale benefits. In contrast, watershed‐based approaches integrate land and water management across multiple plots, generating substantial positive externalities, including reduced upstream runoff, diminished downstream erosion and enhanced ecosystem services. This study investigates farmers' acceptance of the watershed approach in the context of sustainability goals, using a survey of 101 farmers across Lallé, Kroumwéogo and Zémalga in the Zam municipality. The results indicate strong support for collective management: 85.1% of respondents favour watershed‐based interventions, compared to only 21.8% for individual management, with nearly all farmers (99%) willing to participate in collective work. Regression analysis ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.19, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.01) identifies income level, prior experience with collective action and mutual aid networks as significant predictors of willingness to engage even at greater distances. These findings highlight the potential of watershed‐based approaches to improve soil fertility, increase agricultural productivity, foster cooperation and contribute directly to Sustainable Development Goals 2, 13 and 15.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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