María Concepción Ramos, Iván Lizaga, Leticia Gaspar, Arturo Catalá, Ana Navas
Cropland (CRL) abandonment is a worldwide phenomenon of land use change with significant impacts on agro‐ecosystems. This research attempts to deepen the analysis of the positive and negative effects arising by focusing on the changes in soil properties and the amount and composition of soil particles detached after several periods of rainfall and the resulting exported sediment that occurs in abandoned areas with natural revegetation compared to CRL. The study was carried out in an agroforestry catchment with a temperate climate, on which CRL and abandoned land with natural vegetation were compared. The soil was sampled along two representative hillslopes integrating elements of the landscape and land use/land covers. Sediments were collected after seven periods in which flood events were recorded during the period July 2016 to December 2017, using artificial‐lawn mats. Soil and sediment composition (texture, soil organic carbon [SOC] and nutrients [total nitrogen and total phosphorous]) under both land uses were assessed and compared and related to rainfall characteristics using principal component analysis. Nutrient enrichment factors in the sediments compared to soils were also evaluated. The results highlight that after abandonment, SOC increased significantly, reaching contents almost three times higher than in CRL. Consequently, soil erodibility decreased, resulting in substantially lower sediment generation after erosive rainfall events. On average, sediment generation was three times lower in abandoned areas than in CRL, despite their steeper slopes. Soil total nitrogen also increased on abandoned lands, reaching values about twice as high as those in CRL. However, total phosphorous content was almost twice as high in CRL than in abandoned land posing a potential risk for water due to higher erosion rates recorded in CRL. The results confirmed the association of phosphorous with smaller particles and also demonstrated the total phosphorous‐SOC link in abandoned land. Furthermore, the effect of rainfall intensity on phosphorous mobilisation was confirmed, whilst nitrogen losses were mainly related to the total amount of rainfall recorded. In a scenario of increasing extreme precipitation, both total amount and increased precipitation intensity may exacerbate water pollution problems following nutrient loss in cultivated areas. This research contributes to identifying the impacts on agroforestry systems within the current context of converting natural areas into cultivated land, whilst in other regions revegetated natural areas are developed from abandoned agricultural land.
{"title":"Assessment of nutrient differences in detached soil particles between cropland and revegetated abandoned land","authors":"María Concepción Ramos, Iván Lizaga, Leticia Gaspar, Arturo Catalá, Ana Navas","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5276","url":null,"abstract":"Cropland (CRL) abandonment is a worldwide phenomenon of land use change with significant impacts on agro‐ecosystems. This research attempts to deepen the analysis of the positive and negative effects arising by focusing on the changes in soil properties and the amount and composition of soil particles detached after several periods of rainfall and the resulting exported sediment that occurs in abandoned areas with natural revegetation compared to CRL. The study was carried out in an agroforestry catchment with a temperate climate, on which CRL and abandoned land with natural vegetation were compared. The soil was sampled along two representative hillslopes integrating elements of the landscape and land use/land covers. Sediments were collected after seven periods in which flood events were recorded during the period July 2016 to December 2017, using artificial‐lawn mats. Soil and sediment composition (texture, soil organic carbon [SOC] and nutrients [total nitrogen and total phosphorous]) under both land uses were assessed and compared and related to rainfall characteristics using principal component analysis. Nutrient enrichment factors in the sediments compared to soils were also evaluated. The results highlight that after abandonment, SOC increased significantly, reaching contents almost three times higher than in CRL. Consequently, soil erodibility decreased, resulting in substantially lower sediment generation after erosive rainfall events. On average, sediment generation was three times lower in abandoned areas than in CRL, despite their steeper slopes. Soil total nitrogen also increased on abandoned lands, reaching values about twice as high as those in CRL. However, total phosphorous content was almost twice as high in CRL than in abandoned land posing a potential risk for water due to higher erosion rates recorded in CRL. The results confirmed the association of phosphorous with smaller particles and also demonstrated the total phosphorous‐SOC link in abandoned land. Furthermore, the effect of rainfall intensity on phosphorous mobilisation was confirmed, whilst nitrogen losses were mainly related to the total amount of rainfall recorded. In a scenario of increasing extreme precipitation, both total amount and increased precipitation intensity may exacerbate water pollution problems following nutrient loss in cultivated areas. This research contributes to identifying the impacts on agroforestry systems within the current context of converting natural areas into cultivated land, whilst in other regions revegetated natural areas are developed from abandoned agricultural land.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grzegorz Swacha, Małgorzata W. Raduła, Sabina Jewticz, Barbara Kusak, Sebastian Świerszcz
Semi‐natural grasslands are found predominantly in agricultural landscapes; however, their counterparts are also found in cities, referred to as urban grasslands. We sampled the most extensive patches of urban grasslands in Wrocław (Poland, Europe) in urban parks and along a river valley. We compared urban grasslands to broadly defined rural grasslands in terms of compositional gradients and both taxonomic and functional diversity. We also tested for relationships between rare species and different facets of diversity. Urban grasslands corresponded to three rural grassland habitat types: mesic pastures, mesic meadows, and alluvial meadows. We conducted analogous analyses, including and excluding habitat‐level assignment, to determine if emerging patterns between rural and urban grasslands are habitat‐dependent. Rural pastures and their urban counterparts showed high taxonomic and functional similarity, implying that short‐ and frequent‐cutting, applied in cities, mimics grazing management on agricultural sites. Rural mesic hay grasslands and alluvial meadows showed high taxonomic and functional dissimilarities from their urban counterparts. We found that rare species contribute to taxonomic diversity while only affecting functional diversity in a few cases. Varying patterns of taxonomic and functional similarity were observed across different habitats. Comparisons of grasslands without regard for habitat types mask diverging patterns in taxonomic and functional diversity. Despite high environmental and management pressures in urban areas (higher nutrient levels and temperatures, decreased moisture, and intensified management and soil disturbances), we showed that urban grasslands hold a considerable portion of the plant diversity found in rural grasslands.
{"title":"Varying patterns of taxonomic and functional plant composition and diversity across different types of urban and rural grasslands","authors":"Grzegorz Swacha, Małgorzata W. Raduła, Sabina Jewticz, Barbara Kusak, Sebastian Świerszcz","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5273","url":null,"abstract":"Semi‐natural grasslands are found predominantly in agricultural landscapes; however, their counterparts are also found in cities, referred to as urban grasslands. We sampled the most extensive patches of urban grasslands in Wrocław (Poland, Europe) in urban parks and along a river valley. We compared urban grasslands to broadly defined rural grasslands in terms of compositional gradients and both taxonomic and functional diversity. We also tested for relationships between rare species and different facets of diversity. Urban grasslands corresponded to three rural grassland habitat types: mesic pastures, mesic meadows, and alluvial meadows. We conducted analogous analyses, including and excluding habitat‐level assignment, to determine if emerging patterns between rural and urban grasslands are habitat‐dependent. Rural pastures and their urban counterparts showed high taxonomic and functional similarity, implying that short‐ and frequent‐cutting, applied in cities, mimics grazing management on agricultural sites. Rural mesic hay grasslands and alluvial meadows showed high taxonomic and functional dissimilarities from their urban counterparts. We found that rare species contribute to taxonomic diversity while only affecting functional diversity in a few cases. Varying patterns of taxonomic and functional similarity were observed across different habitats. Comparisons of grasslands without regard for habitat types mask diverging patterns in taxonomic and functional diversity. Despite high environmental and management pressures in urban areas (higher nutrient levels and temperatures, decreased moisture, and intensified management and soil disturbances), we showed that urban grasslands hold a considerable portion of the plant diversity found in rural grasslands.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Influenced by climate change and human activities, plain terminal lake basins (PTLB) in arid regions experience significant shrinkage, resulting in a decline in ecosystem services (ESs) such as windbreak and sand fixation (SF) and habitat quality (HQ). However, systematic assessments of these services in such basins are limited. A key research challenge is to define and enhance the contribution of plain terminal lakes within the ESs framework of their respective basins. Therefore, this study focused on the Ebinur Lake Basin (ELB), Manas River Basin (MRB), and Tarim River Basin (TRB) in Xinjiang. We adopted both the InVEST and RWEQ models to assess ESs in these regions, by employing the production possibility frontier (PPF) to optimize various ESs, including carbon storage (CS), water yield (WY), HQ, and SF. The results indicated a general upward trend in ESs across these key basins, with a particularly significant increase in the CS. Spatial analysis revealed that regions with improved ESs were mainly concentrated in the mountainous and oasis areas of the basins, with the most pronounced improvement observed in the TRB. Within these basins, the interactions between the different ESs mainly exhibited synergistic relationships. However, notable concave trade-off relationships existed between WY and CS, WY and HQ, and HQ and SF, particularly in the TRB. This was largely attributed to increased trade-offs between WY and other ESs, resulting from the widespread agricultural expansion in the TRB. We plotted the optimal Pareto efficiency curves for ESs across the three basins to obtain the corresponding optimization results, and made recommendations for the enhancement of ESs. In summary, this study lays a solid scientific foundation for establishing ecological protection boundaries and promoting high-quality sustainable development in the PTLB of arid areas.
{"title":"Trade-Offs and Optimization of Ecosystem Services in the Plain Terminal Lake Basin: A Case Study of Xinjiang","authors":"Chun Luo, Xiaofei Ma, Wei Yan, Yonghui Wang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5279","url":null,"abstract":"Influenced by climate change and human activities, plain terminal lake basins (PTLB) in arid regions experience significant shrinkage, resulting in a decline in ecosystem services (ESs) such as windbreak and sand fixation (SF) and habitat quality (HQ). However, systematic assessments of these services in such basins are limited. A key research challenge is to define and enhance the contribution of plain terminal lakes within the ESs framework of their respective basins. Therefore, this study focused on the Ebinur Lake Basin (ELB), Manas River Basin (MRB), and Tarim River Basin (TRB) in Xinjiang. We adopted both the InVEST and RWEQ models to assess ESs in these regions, by employing the production possibility frontier (PPF) to optimize various ESs, including carbon storage (CS), water yield (WY), HQ, and SF. The results indicated a general upward trend in ESs across these key basins, with a particularly significant increase in the CS. Spatial analysis revealed that regions with improved ESs were mainly concentrated in the mountainous and oasis areas of the basins, with the most pronounced improvement observed in the TRB. Within these basins, the interactions between the different ESs mainly exhibited synergistic relationships. However, notable concave trade-off relationships existed between WY and CS, WY and HQ, and HQ and SF, particularly in the TRB. This was largely attributed to increased trade-offs between WY and other ESs, resulting from the widespread agricultural expansion in the TRB. We plotted the optimal Pareto efficiency curves for ESs across the three basins to obtain the corresponding optimization results, and made recommendations for the enhancement of ESs. In summary, this study lays a solid scientific foundation for establishing ecological protection boundaries and promoting high-quality sustainable development in the PTLB of arid areas.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siyan Zeng, Fu Chen, Jing Ma, Gang-Jun Liu, Thomas Cherico Wanger
A sound fallow program may potentially reduce food production and hence farmers' income in the short term but can help mitigate farmland pollution, improve food productivity, and enhance ecological protection in the long term. In China, degrading quality of arable land, soil pollution, and groundwater overexploitation require urgent implementation of suitable fallow schemes. We used existing spatial factors influencing the implementation of fallow schemes (including the delineated ecological protection red lines [EPRL], soil pollution, groundwater overexploitation, and arable land quality), and determined farmers' willingness to fallow to understand priority areas of fallow in China under multi-scenario simulation. Results show that of all farmers willing to fallow, only 2.17% of farmers actively participated in a fallow scheme. Compared to other factors determining fallow implementation, our multi-scenario simulation found that: (1) scales of the high fallow scheme exhibit a descending order of PES (priority to ecological security scenario, 20.58%) > MCL (minimum production capacity loss scenario, 19.52%) > PFW (priority to farmers' willingness scenario, 18.98%) > PFS (priority to food safety scenario, 15.30%) and that (2) the loss of grain production capacity in implementation of the high fallow scheme is PES (17.32%) > PFW (14.36%) > PFS (13.66%) > MCL (9.67%). We recommend that the implementation of the fallow program at a national level should consider farmers' willingness to participate in a fallow scheme, the loss of food production capacity in the short term, as well as the mitigation of arable land pollution, the improvement of ecological protection, and the safeguard of global food security in a long term.
{"title":"Multiscenario simulation of fallow schemes in China and their impact on food security","authors":"Siyan Zeng, Fu Chen, Jing Ma, Gang-Jun Liu, Thomas Cherico Wanger","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5271","url":null,"abstract":"A sound fallow program may potentially reduce food production and hence farmers' income in the short term but can help mitigate farmland pollution, improve food productivity, and enhance ecological protection in the long term. In China, degrading quality of arable land, soil pollution, and groundwater overexploitation require urgent implementation of suitable fallow schemes. We used existing spatial factors influencing the implementation of fallow schemes (including the delineated ecological protection red lines [EPRL], soil pollution, groundwater overexploitation, and arable land quality), and determined farmers' willingness to fallow to understand priority areas of fallow in China under multi-scenario simulation. Results show that of all farmers willing to fallow, only 2.17% of farmers actively participated in a fallow scheme. Compared to other factors determining fallow implementation, our multi-scenario simulation found that: (1) scales of the high fallow scheme exhibit a descending order of PES (priority to ecological security scenario, 20.58%) > MCL (minimum production capacity loss scenario, 19.52%) > PFW (priority to farmers' willingness scenario, 18.98%) > PFS (priority to food safety scenario, 15.30%) and that (2) the loss of grain production capacity in implementation of the high fallow scheme is PES (17.32%) > PFW (14.36%) > PFS (13.66%) > MCL (9.67%). We recommend that the implementation of the fallow program at a national level should consider farmers' willingness to participate in a fallow scheme, the loss of food production capacity in the short term, as well as the mitigation of arable land pollution, the improvement of ecological protection, and the safeguard of global food security in a long term.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different land-use practices in temperate forests strongly affect soil quality and soil microbial communities, whereas the assembly and interactions of soil functional fungal communities provide positive feedback. Therefore, the effects of forest ecosystem degradation on the composition of functional soil fungal community and soil nutrient cycling are of particular importance. We studied forest ecosystems in the Liupanshan Mountains in the northwestern part of the Loess Plateau and analyzed the relationship of soil fungal community and soil nutrient cycling under different land use practices (natural forest [NF], plantation forest, and farmland [FL]). The results showed that soil pH and electrical conductivity were the highest in FL, whereas the soil carbon cycle index and nitrogen cycle index decreased. The soil total phosphorus content did not change significantly with an increase in available phosphorus content. The change from NF to FL significantly increased the number of operational taxonomic units, diversity, and richness of soil fungal communities. The composition of the soil fungal communities was also strongly influenced by carbon and nitrogen cycle indices. In addition, FL reclamation increased the complexity of the soil microorganism co-occurrence network, and the interrelationships between soil functional fungal community were enhanced. Pathogenic fungal communities were enriched in FLs, and their relative abundance was significantly regulated by environmental factors such as pH and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. The soil pathogenic fungal community affected carbon and nitrogen cycle indices to varying degrees.
{"title":"Soil pathogenic fungal groups and soil nutrient cycling under land use practices in Liupanshan Mountain in China","authors":"Peng Kang, Yaqi Zhang, Yaqing Pan, Azmat Gyrat, Haocheng Bai, Xingfu Yan","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5257","url":null,"abstract":"Different land-use practices in temperate forests strongly affect soil quality and soil microbial communities, whereas the assembly and interactions of soil functional fungal communities provide positive feedback. Therefore, the effects of forest ecosystem degradation on the composition of functional soil fungal community and soil nutrient cycling are of particular importance. We studied forest ecosystems in the Liupanshan Mountains in the northwestern part of the Loess Plateau and analyzed the relationship of soil fungal community and soil nutrient cycling under different land use practices (natural forest [NF], plantation forest, and farmland [FL]). The results showed that soil pH and electrical conductivity were the highest in FL, whereas the soil carbon cycle index and nitrogen cycle index decreased. The soil total phosphorus content did not change significantly with an increase in available phosphorus content. The change from NF to FL significantly increased the number of operational taxonomic units, diversity, and richness of soil fungal communities. The composition of the soil fungal communities was also strongly influenced by carbon and nitrogen cycle indices. In addition, FL reclamation increased the complexity of the soil microorganism co-occurrence network, and the interrelationships between soil functional fungal community were enhanced. Pathogenic fungal communities were enriched in FLs, and their relative abundance was significantly regulated by environmental factors such as pH and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. The soil pathogenic fungal community affected carbon and nitrogen cycle indices to varying degrees.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Velibor Spalevic, Ali Akbar Barati, Imaneh Goli, Saghi Movahhed Moghaddam, Hossein Azadi
Land use change (LUC), including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, is a major contributor to climate change (CC). This change in land use has impacts on food, water, and energy systems, creating a complex interconnected web of issues. This study aimed to investigate the global link between LUC and CC from 1990 to 2012. Using time‐series data from the World Bank, LUC was represented by irrigated land, arable lands, and forest areas, while CC was represented by CO2 emissions. Moreover, the relationship between economic growth in high‐income and low‐income countries and LUC and CC was examined in this study. Based on the findings of this study, in low‐income countries, the intensity of LUC is higher in comparison with high‐income countries. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions are increasing in middle‐income and high‐income countries. Economic growth is closely related to CO2 emissions in countries with different levels of income. The study indicated that managing land use is of high importance to mitigate CO2 emissions globally. According to the findings, recent LUC has shown more obvious effects on ecological variables than CC. Although LUC is not inherently directly related to CC, humans change land use, especially in terms of land management, to adapt to CC, and these changes will inevitably bring many environmental impacts. This study contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the complex relationship between CC and LUC, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches in policy development. These measures are crucial to achieving resilience and meeting global CC reduction targets.
土地利用变化（LUC），包括森林砍伐、农业和城市化，是造成气候变化（CC）的主要因素。土地利用的这种变化对粮食、水和能源系统产生了影响，形成了一个复杂的相互关联的问题网络。本研究旨在调查 1990 年至 2012 年全球土地利用变化与气候变化之间的联系。利用世界银行的时间序列数据，LUC 以灌溉土地、耕地和森林面积表示，CC 则以二氧化碳排放量表示。此外，本研究还考察了高收入国家和低收入国家的经济增长与 LUC 和 CC 之间的关系。根据研究结果，低收入国家的土地利用变化强度高于高收入国家。同时，中等收入和高收入国家的二氧化碳排放量也在增加。在不同收入水平的国家，经济增长与二氧化碳排放密切相关。研究表明，管理土地利用对减少全球二氧化碳排放具有重要意义。研究结果表明，近期的土地利用变化对生态变量的影响比 CC 更为明显。虽然土地利用变化与气候变化没有直接的内在联系，但人类为了适应气候变化而改变土地利用方式，特别是土地管理方式，这些改变将不可避免地带来许多环境影响。这项研究极大地促进了人们对气候变化与土地利用变化之间复杂关系的理解，强调了在制定政策时采用综合方法的必要性。这些措施对于实现抗灾能力和实现全球减少气候变化的目标至关重要。
{"title":"Do changes in land use and climate change overlap? An analysis of the World Bank Data","authors":"Velibor Spalevic, Ali Akbar Barati, Imaneh Goli, Saghi Movahhed Moghaddam, Hossein Azadi","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5259","url":null,"abstract":"Land use change (LUC), including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, is a major contributor to climate change (CC). This change in land use has impacts on food, water, and energy systems, creating a complex interconnected web of issues. This study aimed to investigate the global link between LUC and CC from 1990 to 2012. Using time‐series data from the World Bank, LUC was represented by irrigated land, arable lands, and forest areas, while CC was represented by CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions. Moreover, the relationship between economic growth in high‐income and low‐income countries and LUC and CC was examined in this study. Based on the findings of this study, in low‐income countries, the intensity of LUC is higher in comparison with high‐income countries. Meanwhile, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions are increasing in middle‐income and high‐income countries. Economic growth is closely related to CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions in countries with different levels of income. The study indicated that managing land use is of high importance to mitigate CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions globally. According to the findings, recent LUC has shown more obvious effects on ecological variables than CC. Although LUC is not inherently directly related to CC, humans change land use, especially in terms of land management, to adapt to CC, and these changes will inevitably bring many environmental impacts. This study contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the complex relationship between CC and LUC, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches in policy development. These measures are crucial to achieving resilience and meeting global CC reduction targets.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Chang, Ziping Liu, Tianyu Zhang, Shasha Liu, Bai Liu, Xianlei Fan, Di Meng, Kun Zhang, Edith Bai
Soil organic carbon (SOC) in temperate forests is a crucial part of the global C cycle. The C and nitrogen (N) inputs may greatly increase in forest ecosystems affected by atmospheric CO2 concentration, N deposition, and other climate change, which may further affect SOC dynamics in temperate forests. Nevertheless, how C and N inputs interact to influence the soil priming effect (PE) in the organic and mineral layers of temperate forests remains unclear. Here, we used easily available C and N sources, such as 13C-glucose with 2% SOC contents and ammonium nitrate (input C:N ratio = 10), to examine the effects and mechanisms of exogenous C and N inputs on soil CO2 production and PE in both soil layers of a temperate forest. Our research revealed that exogenous C input caused a positive PE in both soil layers, with the mineral layer showing a larger PE per unit of SOC than the organic layer (OL). Although C input increased C loss from native SOC, soil net C accumulation still increased. The C and N inputs decreased the soil PE in both soil layers, suggesting that N input alleviates substrate N limitation and weakens microbial N mining in both soil layers. Meanwhile, the C and N inputs increased the exogenous C remaining in the organic layer, which was beneficial for soil C sequestration. Compared to the organic layer, the response of the mineral layer to C and N inputs was weaker. This study suggests that C and N interact to affect PE on SOC decomposition and this interaction should be considered in modeling and prediction of soil C cycling.
温带森林中的土壤有机碳（SOC）是全球碳循环的重要组成部分。受大气二氧化碳浓度、氮沉积和其他气候变化的影响，森林生态系统中的碳和氮输入量可能会大幅增加，这可能会进一步影响温带森林的土壤有机碳动态。然而，碳和氮的输入如何相互影响温带森林有机层和矿物层中的土壤初始效应（PE）仍不清楚。在此，我们利用易于获得的碳源和氮源，如 SOC 含量为 2% 的 13C 葡萄糖和硝酸铵（输入的 C:N 比率 = 10），研究了外源 C 和 N 输入对温带森林两层土壤中的土壤 CO2 生成和引诱效应的影响和机制。我们的研究发现，外源 C 输入在两个土层中都产生了正的 PE 值，矿质层单位 SOC 的 PE 值大于有机层（OL）。虽然 C 输入增加了原生 SOC 的 C 损失，但土壤的净 C 积累仍有所增加。碳和氮的输入降低了两层土壤的PE，表明氮的输入减轻了基质对氮的限制，削弱了两层土壤中微生物对氮的挖掘。同时，C 和 N 的输入增加了有机层中的外源 C，有利于土壤固碳。与有机层相比，矿质层对碳和氮输入的反应较弱。这项研究表明，C 和 N 相互作用，对 SOC 分解产生影响，在土壤 C 循环的建模和预测中应考虑这种相互作用。
{"title":"Soil priming effect in the organic and mineral layers regulated by nitrogen mining mechanism in a temperate forest","authors":"Qing Chang, Ziping Liu, Tianyu Zhang, Shasha Liu, Bai Liu, Xianlei Fan, Di Meng, Kun Zhang, Edith Bai","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5270","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) in temperate forests is a crucial part of the global C cycle. The C and nitrogen (N) inputs may greatly increase in forest ecosystems affected by atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, N deposition, and other climate change, which may further affect SOC dynamics in temperate forests. Nevertheless, how C and N inputs interact to influence the soil priming effect (PE) in the organic and mineral layers of temperate forests remains unclear. Here, we used easily available C and N sources, such as <sup>13</sup>C-glucose with 2% SOC contents and ammonium nitrate (input C:N ratio = 10), to examine the effects and mechanisms of exogenous C and N inputs on soil CO<sub>2</sub> production and PE in both soil layers of a temperate forest. Our research revealed that exogenous C input caused a positive PE in both soil layers, with the mineral layer showing a larger PE per unit of SOC than the organic layer (OL). Although C input increased C loss from native SOC, soil net C accumulation still increased. The C and N inputs decreased the soil PE in both soil layers, suggesting that N input alleviates substrate N limitation and weakens microbial N mining in both soil layers. Meanwhile, the C and N inputs increased the exogenous C remaining in the organic layer, which was beneficial for soil C sequestration. Compared to the organic layer, the response of the mineral layer to C and N inputs was weaker. This study suggests that C and N interact to affect PE on SOC decomposition and this interaction should be considered in modeling and prediction of soil C cycling.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long Jia, Peng Li, Tong Su, Dening Kong, Qianqian Chen, Li Xu, Jiaguo Jiao, Feng Hu
Organic fertilizers are essential for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) levels and promoting sustainable agriculture. The mechanisms of carbon sequestration in upland red soils using various organic materials are not well understood. Here, the impact of various organic fertilization strategies on SOC fractions, functional groups, iron oxides, and soil aggregates was investigated to clarify the protective mechanisms underlying SOC preservation. Six fertilization regimes were examined: no fertilization (CK), mineral fertilizer (CF), 60% mineral fertilizer (RF), RF + straw (RFS), RF + pig manure (RFP), and RF + vermicompost (RFV). The results demonstrated that SOC contents significantly increased by 62.5% in RFP and 63.1% in RFV compared to the CF treatment, with particulate organic carbon (POC) being the primary contributor. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that RFP and RFV treatments induced the formation of denser flock‐like aggregates and increased aromatic C content, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that RFV treatment exhibited the highest abundance of functional groups among all treatments. SOC and POC were highly positively correlated with soil chemical properties, soil aggregates, poorly crystalline iron oxides, and aromatic rings. Structural equation models indicated that pig manure and vermicompost directly promoted POC accumulation, while straw provided physical protection for POC by enhancing aggregate formation. Furthermore, pig manure indirectly facilitated the development of POC and mineral‐associated organic carbon via soil biochemical properties and iron oxides, respectively. Overall, the application of organic fertilizers enhanced the physical protection, mineral immobilization, and recalcitrance (alkyl C, aromatic C) of organic carbon, facilitating C sequestration and stability. This study highlights the importance of organic management in upland red soils for increasing SOC storage and maintaining global C balance.
{"title":"Pig manure addition promotes organic carbon sequestration dominantly contributed by mineral protection in upland red soil","authors":"Long Jia, Peng Li, Tong Su, Dening Kong, Qianqian Chen, Li Xu, Jiaguo Jiao, Feng Hu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5269","url":null,"abstract":"Organic fertilizers are essential for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) levels and promoting sustainable agriculture. The mechanisms of carbon sequestration in upland red soils using various organic materials are not well understood. Here, the impact of various organic fertilization strategies on SOC fractions, functional groups, iron oxides, and soil aggregates was investigated to clarify the protective mechanisms underlying SOC preservation. Six fertilization regimes were examined: no fertilization (CK), mineral fertilizer (CF), 60% mineral fertilizer (RF), RF + straw (RFS), RF + pig manure (RFP), and RF + vermicompost (RFV). The results demonstrated that SOC contents significantly increased by 62.5% in RFP and 63.1% in RFV compared to the CF treatment, with particulate organic carbon (POC) being the primary contributor. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that RFP and RFV treatments induced the formation of denser flock‐like aggregates and increased aromatic C content, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that RFV treatment exhibited the highest abundance of functional groups among all treatments. SOC and POC were highly positively correlated with soil chemical properties, soil aggregates, poorly crystalline iron oxides, and aromatic rings. Structural equation models indicated that pig manure and vermicompost directly promoted POC accumulation, while straw provided physical protection for POC by enhancing aggregate formation. Furthermore, pig manure indirectly facilitated the development of POC and mineral‐associated organic carbon via soil biochemical properties and iron oxides, respectively. Overall, the application of organic fertilizers enhanced the physical protection, mineral immobilization, and recalcitrance (alkyl C, aromatic C) of organic carbon, facilitating C sequestration and stability. This study highlights the importance of organic management in upland red soils for increasing SOC storage and maintaining global C balance.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coal gangue hill, a significant anthropogenic interference, can cause various forms of land degradation. The promoting effect of coal gangue on soil qualities has also been discovered. However, few studies investigated the soil properties and microbiome of prolonged gangue hills. Here, we investigated soil microbial communities and chemical properties in a vegetated gangue hill and adjacent cropland and wasteland (regarded as gangue‐free lands). We did not find any significant differences in the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus between the gangue hill and the cropland (Kruskal–Wallis test, p > 0.05). The content of all metals we investigated (Pb, Ni, Sb, Fe, and Al) did not exceed the risk control values (GB 15618‐2018; GB 36600‐2018). The content of Fe and soil electrical conductivity of the gangue hill was significantly higher than the gangue‐free lands (about 2 times and 20 times, respectively), which were also the key factors shaping microbial communities (Mantel's test, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the composition of the bacterial communities between the gangue hill and gangue‐free lands. The random‐forest model identified four species belonging to Actinobacteria and Ascomycota as the unique species in the gangue hill. Functional annotation revealed that the significant differences between the two land types were in bacterial nutrition types, fungal saprophytic types, and nitrogen cycling. Our study provided a theoretical foundation for land management and sustainable utilization in abandoned mining areas.
{"title":"Effects of long‐term coal gangue dumping on soil chemical environment and microbial community in an abandoned mine","authors":"Meiqi Yin, Wenyi Sheng, Xiya Zhang, Yiming Wu, Xiangyan Ma, Zhaojie Cui, Huaizhi Bo, Guodong Zheng, Lele Liu, Weihua Guo","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5267","url":null,"abstract":"Coal gangue hill, a significant anthropogenic interference, can cause various forms of land degradation. The promoting effect of coal gangue on soil qualities has also been discovered. However, few studies investigated the soil properties and microbiome of prolonged gangue hills. Here, we investigated soil microbial communities and chemical properties in a vegetated gangue hill and adjacent cropland and wasteland (regarded as gangue‐free lands). We did not find any significant differences in the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus between the gangue hill and the cropland (Kruskal–Wallis test, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.05). The content of all metals we investigated (Pb, Ni, Sb, Fe, and Al) did not exceed the risk control values (GB 15618‐2018; GB 36600‐2018). The content of Fe and soil electrical conductivity of the gangue hill was significantly higher than the gangue‐free lands (about 2 times and 20 times, respectively), which were also the key factors shaping microbial communities (Mantel's test, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the composition of the bacterial communities between the gangue hill and gangue‐free lands. The random‐forest model identified four species belonging to Actinobacteria and Ascomycota as the unique species in the gangue hill. Functional annotation revealed that the significant differences between the two land types were in bacterial nutrition types, fungal saprophytic types, and nitrogen cycling. Our study provided a theoretical foundation for land management and sustainable utilization in abandoned mining areas.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haolin Zhao, Zhu Zhu, Xiujun Wang, Minggang Xu, Ni Huang
Organic amendments and nitrogen fertilization are common practices in agriculture, which have complex influences on the carbon cycle. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen‐organic carbon combination on CO2 efflux, we conducted a field incubation experiment with control, N fertilization without and with straw/biochar amendments for 20 months in a typical soil of North China Plain. CO2 efflux was measured every ~3–4 weeks, and water‐extractable organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon were analyzed in spring, summer, and autumn. Our results showed an asymmetric seasonality (slow increase in spring but rapid decrease in fall) in the control and biochar treatments, but a symmetric seasonality under straw treatments. Organic amendments with N fertilization caused an increase of CO2 efflux in most seasons (comparing without N fertilization), with a much greater increase in spring–summer of the first year (22%–35%) than the second year (1%–3%). Nitrogen fertilization caused a much greater increase in cumulative CO2 efflux with biochar (7%–13%) and with straw treatment (20%) than without organic amendments (3%) over the period of 20 months. SIC content showed an increase under organic amendments, with a greater increase under biochar amendments than straw amendments. The increases of CO2 efflux under nitrogen‐biochar and nitrogen‐straw combinations could be explained mainly by enhanced decomposition of SOC, biochar, and straw rather than SIC dissolution. Our study indicated that biochar amendments were more effective for carbon sequestration than straw amendments and nitrogen fertilization with organic amendments could cause changes in various processes of CO2 production in the cropland of north China.
有机肥和氮肥是农业中常见的施肥方式，对碳循环有着复杂的影响。为了评估氮-有机碳组合对二氧化碳流出的影响，我们在华北平原的典型土壤中进行了为期 20 个月的田间培养实验，包括对照、不施氮肥和施用秸秆/生物炭改良剂。每隔约 3-4 周测量一次二氧化碳流出量，并在春季、夏季和秋季分析水提取有机碳和土壤微生物生物量碳。结果表明，对照和生物炭处理的季节性不对称（春季缓慢增加，秋季迅速减少），而秸秆处理的季节性对称。施用氮肥的有机添加剂在大多数季节都会导致二氧化碳流出量增加（与未施用氮肥的情况相比），第一年春夏季的增幅（22%-35%）远大于第二年（1%-3%）。在 20 个月的时间里，施用生物炭（7%-13%）和秸秆处理（20%）比不施用有机添加剂（3%）造成的氮肥累积二氧化碳排出量的增加要大得多。有机添加物的 SIC 含量有所增加，生物炭添加物比秸秆添加物的 SIC 含量增幅更大。氮-生物炭组合和氮-秸秆组合下二氧化碳流出量增加的主要原因是 SOC、生物炭和秸秆的分解作用增强，而不是 SIC 溶解作用增强。我们的研究表明，生物炭改良剂比秸秆改良剂的固碳效果更好，而氮肥与有机改良剂的结合可导致中国北方耕地二氧化碳产生的各种过程发生变化。
{"title":"Impacts of nitrogen fertilization on CO2 efflux with and without organic amendments in a high‐pH soil","authors":"Haolin Zhao, Zhu Zhu, Xiujun Wang, Minggang Xu, Ni Huang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5262","url":null,"abstract":"Organic amendments and nitrogen fertilization are common practices in agriculture, which have complex influences on the carbon cycle. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen‐organic carbon combination on CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> efflux, we conducted a field incubation experiment with control, N fertilization without and with straw/biochar amendments for 20 months in a typical soil of North China Plain. CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> efflux was measured every ~3–4 weeks, and water‐extractable organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon were analyzed in spring, summer, and autumn. Our results showed an asymmetric seasonality (slow increase in spring but rapid decrease in fall) in the control and biochar treatments, but a symmetric seasonality under straw treatments. Organic amendments with N fertilization caused an increase of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> efflux in most seasons (comparing without N fertilization), with a much greater increase in spring–summer of the first year (22%–35%) than the second year (1%–3%). Nitrogen fertilization caused a much greater increase in cumulative CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> efflux with biochar (7%–13%) and with straw treatment (20%) than without organic amendments (3%) over the period of 20 months. SIC content showed an increase under organic amendments, with a greater increase under biochar amendments than straw amendments. The increases of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> efflux under nitrogen‐biochar and nitrogen‐straw combinations could be explained mainly by enhanced decomposition of SOC, biochar, and straw rather than SIC dissolution. Our study indicated that biochar amendments were more effective for carbon sequestration than straw amendments and nitrogen fertilization with organic amendments could cause changes in various processes of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production in the cropland of north China.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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