Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-13961
T. Danilova, Y. Khomyakov, P. Kononchuk
Biological activity of the soil is an indicator characterizing the number of organisms living in the soil, and quantitatively evaluating the results of their vital activity. High biological activity is a factor in increasing soil fertility and its phytosanitary state, achieved by creating optimal living conditions for soil microorganisms: providing nutrients, especially organic matter, moisture, heat and soil aeration. In this paper, we assess the effect of hydrogels of different chemical bases on the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The effect of hydrogels on the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic soil was studied in a microfield experiment in a special installation (“dry place”) under conditions of soil drought and field conditions (Menkovsky branch of the FSBIU API, Gatchinsky district, Leningrad region). The experience was laid with two types of hydrogels (potassium and sodium base) with a single dose (40 g/m2). In the experiment, the indicators of soil biological activity were compared in the following variants: soil - control with the addition of 90 kg ha-1 NPK in the form of an azofoska, hydrogel introduced to a depth of 10–12 cm + N90 P90 K90, hydrogel introduced to a depth of 20–22 cm + N90P90K90. Samples of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil were taken from depths (10–12 cm and 20–22 cm) at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. In the course of the studies, it was found that when the hydrogel is introduced, both in the upper root-inhabited soil layer and in the 20–22 cm layer, favorable conditions are created for the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. It has been established that the chemical basis of the hydrogel does not inhibit the activity of the microbial community.
土壤生物活性是表征土壤中生物数量和定量评价其生命活动结果的指标。高生物活性是提高土壤肥力及其植物检疫状态的一个因素，通过为土壤微生物创造最佳生活条件来实现:提供养分，特别是有机物、水分、热量和土壤通气。本文研究了不同化学碱基的水凝胶对灰化沙壤土微生物活性的影响。在土壤干旱和田间条件下(列宁格勒地区Gatchinsky区俄罗斯联邦生物化学工业联合会Menkovsky分会)，在特殊装置(“干燥地”)进行了微场试验，研究了水凝胶对灰化土微生物活性的影响。实验采用单剂量(40 g/m2)的两种水凝胶(钾基和钠基)。在试验中，比较了以下几种土壤生物活性指标:土壤控制，以偶氮磷形式添加90 kg hm -1氮磷钾，水凝胶引入深度为10-12 cm + N90P90K90，水凝胶引入深度为20-22 cm + N90P90K90。在生长季开始和结束时分别从10-12 cm和20-22 cm深度采集草粉砂壤土样品。在研究过程中发现，无论在根栖土层上部，还是在20 ~ 22 cm土层，水凝胶的引入都为灰化沙壤土的微生物活性创造了有利条件。已经确定水凝胶的化学基础不会抑制微生物群落的活性。
{"title":"Biological activity of sod - podzolic sandsand soil with meloriative application of hydrogels","authors":"T. Danilova, Y. Khomyakov, P. Kononchuk","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-13961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-13961","url":null,"abstract":"Biological activity of the soil is an indicator characterizing the number of organisms living in the soil, and quantitatively evaluating the results of their vital activity. High biological activity is a factor in increasing soil fertility and its phytosanitary state, achieved by creating optimal living conditions for soil microorganisms: providing nutrients, especially organic matter, moisture, heat and soil aeration. In this paper, we assess the effect of hydrogels of different chemical bases on the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The effect of hydrogels on the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic soil was studied in a microfield experiment in a special installation (“dry place”) under conditions of soil drought and field conditions (Menkovsky branch of the FSBIU API, Gatchinsky district, Leningrad region). The experience was laid with two types of hydrogels (potassium and sodium base) with a single dose (40 g/m2). In the experiment, the indicators of soil biological activity were compared in the following variants: soil - control with the addition of 90 kg ha-1 NPK in the form of an azofoska, hydrogel introduced to a depth of 10–12 cm + N90 P90 K90, hydrogel introduced to a depth of 20–22 cm + N90P90K90. Samples of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil were taken from depths (10–12 cm and 20–22 cm) at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. In the course of the studies, it was found that when the hydrogel is introduced, both in the upper root-inhabited soil layer and in the 20–22 cm layer, favorable conditions are created for the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. It has been established that the chemical basis of the hydrogel does not inhibit the activity of the microbial community.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84089662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14934
N. Kostenko
Smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) is widespread perennial grass and high quality feed. It is characterized by hight frost resistance. The main direction in breeding work is breeding of varieties with high seed productivity and with increased resistance to diseases. The research was carried out using an artificial infectious background in the immunology laboratory in FWRC FPA (previously, the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute). This research took place in Lobnya, Mytishchi district, Moscow region, in 2018 -2020 years. Long-term phytosanitary monitoring of crops showed that the most common disease of this culture is brown leaf spot (helminthosporium). Seed germination decreases by 21-41% to this patgen. 16 samples of smooth bromegrass was planted in the artificial infectious background to determine their disease resistance in 2018 According to the study carried out, it was found that the disease reaches its peak at the stage of seed ripening. Sample # 2 and sample # 12 on average exceeded the standard variety Fakelny by 12% for resistance to pathogens of helminthosporiosis (among the studied samples, according to three-year data). Sample # 2 and sample # 12 can be recommended for inclusion in the breeding process to create modern intensive type varieties.
{"title":"Sustainability assessment of the resistance of smooth bromegrass varieties to the causative agent of helminthosporiosis on an artificial infectious background","authors":"N. Kostenko","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14934","url":null,"abstract":"Smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) is widespread perennial grass and high quality feed. It is characterized by hight frost resistance. The main direction in breeding work is breeding of varieties with high seed productivity and with increased resistance to diseases. The research was carried out using an artificial infectious background in the immunology laboratory in FWRC FPA (previously, the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute). This research took place in Lobnya, Mytishchi district, Moscow region, in 2018 -2020 years. Long-term phytosanitary monitoring of crops showed that the most common disease of this culture is brown leaf spot (helminthosporium). Seed germination decreases by 21-41% to this patgen. 16 samples of smooth bromegrass was planted in the artificial infectious background to determine their disease resistance in 2018 According to the study carried out, it was found that the disease reaches its peak at the stage of seed ripening. Sample # 2 and sample # 12 on average exceeded the standard variety Fakelny by 12% for resistance to pathogens of helminthosporiosis (among the studied samples, according to three-year data). Sample # 2 and sample # 12 can be recommended for inclusion in the breeding process to create modern intensive type varieties.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90344212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14616
N. Zoteyeva, O. Kosareva
Thirty-eight varieties of potato Solanum tuberosum L. from the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) collection were studied for leaf and tuber resistance to late blight. Аn aggressive Phytophthora infestans isolate collected from VIR experimental field was used for inoculation at a concentration of 50,000 zoospores/ml. The disease severity was evaluated using a scale from 1 to 9 grades, where grade 9 means resistant. Recent field observations revealed that most of the variety accessions were sensitive to late blight. In the present study, some of the varieties identified as foliar resistant in field evaluation were further tested under artificial inoculation. Resistance of some varieties found in field observations was not confirmed in laboratory assays. The data obtained in tuber inoculation tests did not show a direct correlation between resistance levels in leaves and tubers. Only some varieties possessed both characteristics, while varieties with leaf resistance and tuber sensitivity and with tuber resistance and leaf sensitivity were also identified. To develop potato varieties that combine resistance to late blight with good agronomic characteristics, resistant lines identified in this study can be potentially hybridized with varieties of high consumer value that are susceptible to late blight.
{"title":"Assessment of potato varieties preserving at VIR’s collection to (Phytophthora infestans) resistance for late blight in field and laboratory evaluation","authors":"N. Zoteyeva, O. Kosareva","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14616","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-eight varieties of potato Solanum tuberosum L. from the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) collection were studied for leaf and tuber resistance to late blight. Аn aggressive Phytophthora infestans isolate collected from VIR experimental field was used for inoculation at a concentration of 50,000 zoospores/ml. The disease severity was evaluated using a scale from 1 to 9 grades, where grade 9 means resistant. Recent field observations revealed that most of the variety accessions were sensitive to late blight. In the present study, some of the varieties identified as foliar resistant in field evaluation were further tested under artificial inoculation. Resistance of some varieties found in field observations was not confirmed in laboratory assays. The data obtained in tuber inoculation tests did not show a direct correlation between resistance levels in leaves and tubers. Only some varieties possessed both characteristics, while varieties with leaf resistance and tuber sensitivity and with tuber resistance and leaf sensitivity were also identified. To develop potato varieties that combine resistance to late blight with good agronomic characteristics, resistant lines identified in this study can be potentially hybridized with varieties of high consumer value that are susceptible to late blight.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78873451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14631
N. Krupenko, S. Buga, A. G. Zhukovskiy, I. Odintsova, A. A. Zhukovskaya, T. G. Pilat, V. Leshkevich
Fusarium fungi are the main causal agents of root rot of winter cereals in Belarus. As many as 12 different species were identified, with occurrence being dependent on the cereal host species and weather conditions during the growing season. Lack of precipitation from April to July led to decreasing fungal biodiversity. Fusarium pathogen complex on wheat roots was formed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, whereas F. equiseti and F. oxysporum prevailed on triticale and rye, and F. solani, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti dominated on barley root systems. The infestation of root with F. oxysporum increased under dry conditions. In contrast, F. culmorum was isolated from root system of wheat and triticale more frequently when rainfall was sufficient. For the first time, F. cerealis and F. tricinctum were isolated from triticale, and F. cerealis from rye only, in the Republic of Belarus.
{"title":"Biodiversity of the Fusarium fungi causing root rot of winter cereals in Belarus","authors":"N. Krupenko, S. Buga, A. G. Zhukovskiy, I. Odintsova, A. A. Zhukovskaya, T. G. Pilat, V. Leshkevich","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14631","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium fungi are the main causal agents of root rot of winter cereals in Belarus. As many as 12 different species were identified, with occurrence being dependent on the cereal host species and weather conditions during the growing season. Lack of precipitation from April to July led to decreasing fungal biodiversity. Fusarium pathogen complex on wheat roots was formed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, whereas F. equiseti and F. oxysporum prevailed on triticale and rye, and F. solani, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti dominated on barley root systems. The infestation of root with F. oxysporum increased under dry conditions. In contrast, F. culmorum was isolated from root system of wheat and triticale more frequently when rainfall was sufficient. For the first time, F. cerealis and F. tricinctum were isolated from triticale, and F. cerealis from rye only, in the Republic of Belarus.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80631264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14984
T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina
Insect resistance to insecticides has been and remains a serious problem affecting insect control worldwide. The fight against houseflies is an important part of pest control measures due to the ability of insects to carry pathogens of infectious diseases of humans and animals. But many of the chemicals that have been shown to be effective against them cease to work after just a few years of use. The intensive use of insecticides in world practice has led to the development of natural populations of houseflies that are resistant to all groups of insecticides used to control them. This species is one of the ten insect species that have developed resistance to the maximal amount of active substances. The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign and Russian authors on the insecticide resistance of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) over the past 20 years. Data on the resistance of house flies to both traditional insecticides and new chemicals are presented. The main mechanisms of insect resistance and the factors of its development are described. Schemes of rotation of insecticides in the controlling winged flies are given. The review analyzed 101 sources from 11 countries of the world.
{"title":"Sanitary and epidemiological significance and resistance to insecticides of houseflies Musca domestica (Analytical Literature Review, 2000-2021)","authors":"T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14984","url":null,"abstract":"Insect resistance to insecticides has been and remains a serious problem affecting insect control worldwide. The fight against houseflies is an important part of pest control measures due to the ability of insects to carry pathogens of infectious diseases of humans and animals. But many of the chemicals that have been shown to be effective against them cease to work after just a few years of use. The intensive use of insecticides in world practice has led to the development of natural populations of houseflies that are resistant to all groups of insecticides used to control them. This species is one of the ten insect species that have developed resistance to the maximal amount of active substances. The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign and Russian authors on the insecticide resistance of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) over the past 20 years. Data on the resistance of house flies to both traditional insecticides and new chemicals are presented. The main mechanisms of insect resistance and the factors of its development are described. Schemes of rotation of insecticides in the controlling winged flies are given. The review analyzed 101 sources from 11 countries of the world.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80436748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14962
E. Kyrova, A. Ignatov
Plant pathogenic xanthomonads virulent to wheat, rye, barley, tomato, sunflower, and brassicas were isolated in Russia in 2001–2008. Physiological tests and multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed their position within the Xanthomonas arboricola species. The obtained draft genome sequence of representative strain 3004 from barley plants, which is also virulent to sunflower, brassicas, and chestnut, demonstrated an absence of the Type 3 Secretion System T3SS and an evidence for the lateral gene transfer of some other virulence genes from distantly related bacteria. It was concluded that T4SS genes can be used as the target for group-specific PCR analysis of the emerging pathogen. It was proposed to use virD4, virB3, virB4, and virB9 genes to design a detection system. After preliminary experiments with classic PCR for the chosen genes, primers and TaqMan(R) probe were designed to specifically amplify a 121 bp fragment of the VirD4 gene. Amplification products were obtained for all target Xanthomonas arboricola strains and were not detected in other Xanthomonas species, or in other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these host plants. The assay readily detected Xanthomonas arboricola infection in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on semi-selective media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods.
{"title":"Selection of target genes for pcr diagnostics of Xanthomonas arboricola virulent for cereals and brassicas","authors":"E. Kyrova, A. Ignatov","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14962","url":null,"abstract":"Plant pathogenic xanthomonads virulent to wheat, rye, barley, tomato, sunflower, and brassicas were isolated in Russia in 2001–2008. Physiological tests and multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed their position within the Xanthomonas arboricola species. The obtained draft genome sequence of representative strain 3004 from barley plants, which is also virulent to sunflower, brassicas, and chestnut, demonstrated an absence of the Type 3 Secretion System T3SS and an evidence for the lateral gene transfer of some other virulence genes from distantly related bacteria. It was concluded that T4SS genes can be used as the target for group-specific PCR analysis of the emerging pathogen. It was proposed to use virD4, virB3, virB4, and virB9 genes to design a detection system. After preliminary experiments with classic PCR for the chosen genes, primers and TaqMan(R) probe were designed to specifically amplify a 121 bp fragment of the VirD4 gene. Amplification products were obtained for all target Xanthomonas arboricola strains and were not detected in other Xanthomonas species, or in other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these host plants. The assay readily detected Xanthomonas arboricola infection in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on semi-selective media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73899568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-1-14947
Ирина Валерьевна Андреева, Елена Игоревна Шаталова, Алевтина Владимировна Ходакова
Data on prevalence, biological and physiological characteristics of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) are presented. Pest damage is described. Reasons causing increase in harmfulness and economic importance of the insect are noted. An increase in the number of generations able to develop during growing season and earlier pest emergence are recorded under conditions of Siberian region. Factors contributing to the insect density dynamics, including plant species and variety, entomophagous arthropods and entomopathogenic microorganisms, have been considered. Range of chemical insecticides recommended for diamondback moth management in Russian Federation has been indicated. An increase in resistance to chemicals and certain entomopathogens in P. xylostella populations in different regions of the world has been recorded. Possibility of pheromone traps exploitation for efficient pest detection and monitoring has been established. Perspectives of novel efficient and safe means of pest density regulation have been defined.
{"title":"The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella: ecological and biological aspects, harmfulness, population control","authors":"Ирина Валерьевна Андреева, Елена Игоревна Шаталова, Алевтина Владимировна Ходакова","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-1-14947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-1-14947","url":null,"abstract":"Data on prevalence, biological and physiological characteristics of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) are presented. Pest damage is described. Reasons causing increase in harmfulness and economic importance of the insect are noted. An increase in the number of generations able to develop during growing season and earlier pest emergence are recorded under conditions of Siberian region. Factors contributing to the insect density dynamics, including plant species and variety, entomophagous arthropods and entomopathogenic microorganisms, have been considered. Range of chemical insecticides recommended for diamondback moth management in Russian Federation has been indicated. An increase in resistance to chemicals and certain entomopathogens in P. xylostella populations in different regions of the world has been recorded. Possibility of pheromone traps exploitation for efficient pest detection and monitoring has been established. Perspectives of novel efficient and safe means of pest density regulation have been defined.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80478595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-13741
N. Krupenko, I. Odintsova
The data on the efficacy of 40 fungicides for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases during 2010–2019 are demonstrated. Biological efficacy is calculated based upon the area under the curve of disease development. Biological and economical efficacy of those compounds has been analyzed depending on the number of components, as well as chemical classes of active agents in those compounds. The highest biological efficacy of one-component fungicides against powdery mildew has been recorded for those containing proquinazid, tebuconazole and metrafenone – 69.9–79.3 %. Among 23 two-component fungicides the higher efficacy (82.1–84.3 %) against powdery mildew has been recorded for the fungicides containing azole combined with morpholine. Biological efficacy against Septoria leaf blotch has varied from 64.7 to 88.0 % depending on fungicide composition. Among three-component fungicides the efficacy against powdery mildew has varied from 59.5 to 82.8 %, and against Septoria leaf blotch it has varied from 59.8 to 89.9 %. As a result of the diseases severity decrease due to the fungicide application the saved yield has reached 9.9 centner of grain per hectare.
{"title":"Peculiarities of action and retrospective analysis of fungicides efficacy for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases","authors":"N. Krupenko, I. Odintsova","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-13741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-13741","url":null,"abstract":"The data on the efficacy of 40 fungicides for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases during 2010–2019 are demonstrated. Biological efficacy is calculated based upon the area under the curve of disease development. Biological and economical efficacy of those compounds has been analyzed depending on the number of components, as well as chemical classes of active agents in those compounds. The highest biological efficacy of one-component fungicides against powdery mildew has been recorded for those containing proquinazid, tebuconazole and metrafenone – 69.9–79.3 %. Among 23 two-component fungicides the higher efficacy (82.1–84.3 %) against powdery mildew has been recorded for the fungicides containing azole combined with morpholine. Biological efficacy against Septoria leaf blotch has varied from 64.7 to 88.0 % depending on fungicide composition. Among three-component fungicides the efficacy against powdery mildew has varied from 59.5 to 82.8 %, and against Septoria leaf blotch it has varied from 59.8 to 89.9 %. As a result of the diseases severity decrease due to the fungicide application the saved yield has reached 9.9 centner of grain per hectare.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91179902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-14258
O. Kirillova, V. A. Razdoburdin
Рlant-mediated interactions between greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and spider mite Tetranychus urticae have been studied under laboratory experiments on cucumber. The seedlings have been infested using different herbivores densities, when the first true leaf was fully unfolded The response of pests to previously damaged plants has been studied. Whitefly and spider mite plant selection in free-choice bioassay, as well as the larvae number of the whitefly daughter generation and the daily spider mite fecundity have been evaluated in the experiment. We have found, that the antixenotic and antibiotic cucumber properties in regard to the herbivorous arthropods, as a result of herbivore-induced plant defense development, depend on herbivore species and intensity of arthropod damage to plants. Damage to plants by whitefly has affected the behavior and development of a conspecific individuals only. Damage to plants by spider mites has affected both whitefly and spider mite individuals. Analysis of literature on this issue and the results of our research show a specificity of plant responses to arthropod damage, that can be determined by the specific features of herbivorous species and depend on the nature and intensity of the plant damage.
{"title":"Features of conspecific and heterospecific interactions of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cucumber","authors":"O. Kirillova, V. A. Razdoburdin","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-14258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-14258","url":null,"abstract":"Рlant-mediated interactions between greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and spider mite Tetranychus urticae have been studied under laboratory experiments on cucumber. The seedlings have been infested using different herbivores densities, when the first true leaf was fully unfolded The response of pests to previously damaged plants has been studied. Whitefly and spider mite plant selection in free-choice bioassay, as well as the larvae number of the whitefly daughter generation and the daily spider mite fecundity have been evaluated in the experiment. We have found, that the antixenotic and antibiotic cucumber properties in regard to the herbivorous arthropods, as a result of herbivore-induced plant defense development, depend on herbivore species and intensity of arthropod damage to plants. Damage to plants by whitefly has affected the behavior and development of a conspecific individuals only. Damage to plants by spider mites has affected both whitefly and spider mite individuals. Analysis of literature on this issue and the results of our research show a specificity of plant responses to arthropod damage, that can be determined by the specific features of herbivorous species and depend on the nature and intensity of the plant damage.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83241890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-13989
A. Frolov, I. Grushevaya, A. Kononchuk
In two geographical points of the Krasnodar Territory, viz. vil. Botanika, Gulkevichi District (eastern subzone of the Central natural-economic zone of the Krasnodar Territory) and st. Kurchanskaya, Temryuk District (Anapo-Taman natural-economic zone) on industrial plantations of maize, Delta sticky traps supplied with various baits were tested for attractiveness for adults of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. In contrast to sex pheromones, traps with ‘bisex lure’ (semiochemicals phenylacetaldehyde and 4-methoxy-2-phenethyl alcohol) or LEDs captured a considerable number of females, whose prognostic value was significantly higher than that of males. On maize fields near Botanika traps with ‘bisex lure’ caught moths almost at 20- and traps with LEDs more than 70-fold higher rate as compared to sex pheromones. On maize plantations near Kurchanskaya, where both the saturation of crop rotations with maize fields and the pest population is significantly lower, semiochemicals caught ECB moths at the same rate as sex pheromones, in contrast to LEDs, which attracted insects by an order of magnitude more frequently. The results of the tests indicate that the use of LED traps for monitoring of ECB is promising under the modern economic situation of expanding the territories intended for the production of corn grain.
{"title":"Leds and semiochemicals vs. sex pheromones: tests of the european corn borer attractivity in the Krasnodar territory","authors":"A. Frolov, I. Grushevaya, A. Kononchuk","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-13989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2020-103-4-13989","url":null,"abstract":"In two geographical points of the Krasnodar Territory, viz. vil. Botanika, Gulkevichi District (eastern subzone of the Central natural-economic zone of the Krasnodar Territory) and st. Kurchanskaya, Temryuk District (Anapo-Taman natural-economic zone) on industrial plantations of maize, Delta sticky traps supplied with various baits were tested for attractiveness for adults of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. In contrast to sex pheromones, traps with ‘bisex lure’ (semiochemicals phenylacetaldehyde and 4-methoxy-2-phenethyl alcohol) or LEDs captured a considerable number of females, whose prognostic value was significantly higher than that of males. On maize fields near Botanika traps with ‘bisex lure’ caught moths almost at 20- and traps with LEDs more than 70-fold higher rate as compared to sex pheromones. On maize plantations near Kurchanskaya, where both the saturation of crop rotations with maize fields and the pest population is significantly lower, semiochemicals caught ECB moths at the same rate as sex pheromones, in contrast to LEDs, which attracted insects by an order of magnitude more frequently. The results of the tests indicate that the use of LED traps for monitoring of ECB is promising under the modern economic situation of expanding the territories intended for the production of corn grain.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76868288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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