Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16116
F. B. Gannibal, E. Poluektova, Y. V. Lukyanets, T. Gagkaeva, M. Gomzhina
Despite the great attention paid to the study of barley diseases, inaccuracies in the names of diseases, their practical significance, and incorrect use of the scientific names of causal agents can be commonly found in the scientific literature. This may lead to confusion and misidentification of the pathogens that can affect this crop especially as relates to phytosanitary requirements. This review continues the series started with a publication devoted to wheat diseases. This review includes information about the main barley diseases and pathogenic organisms causing them, as well as the species emerging as a potential threat to barley. The current taxonomic status of fungal species and fungal-like organisms associated with various organs of barley is given, and the breadth of their distribution and degree of impact on the crop are summarized. The micromycetes were divided into two groups according to their phytosanitary importance. The first group is represented by fungi of great importance as the pathogens causing the 29 economically important common barley diseases. The second group consists of fungi causing 20 minor and poorly studied diseases with unconfirmed harmfulness, or potential endophytic fungi. Perceptions of their ability to cause disease remain controversial and the available data require confirmation. This dataset can be used as a reference for a more accurate description of the phytosanitary situation. The review will also be helpful for more targeted studies using molecular techniques to clarify taxonomy and areals of fungi associated with barley and to provide more detailed data on disease damage in this crop.
{"title":"Micromycetes associated with barley and their significance as pathogens in Russia","authors":"F. B. Gannibal, E. Poluektova, Y. V. Lukyanets, T. Gagkaeva, M. Gomzhina","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16116","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the great attention paid to the study of barley diseases, inaccuracies in the names of diseases, their practical significance, and incorrect use of the scientific names of causal agents can be commonly found in the scientific literature. This may lead to confusion and misidentification of the pathogens that can affect this crop especially as relates to phytosanitary requirements. This review continues the series started with a publication devoted to wheat diseases. This review includes information about the main barley diseases and pathogenic organisms causing them, as well as the species emerging as a potential threat to barley. The current taxonomic status of fungal species and fungal-like organisms associated with various organs of barley is given, and the breadth of their distribution and degree of impact on the crop are summarized. The micromycetes were divided into two groups according to their phytosanitary importance. The first group is represented by fungi of great importance as the pathogens causing the 29 economically important common barley diseases. The second group consists of fungi causing 20 minor and poorly studied diseases with unconfirmed harmfulness, or potential endophytic fungi. Perceptions of their ability to cause disease remain controversial and the available data require confirmation. This dataset can be used as a reference for a more accurate description of the phytosanitary situation. The review will also be helpful for more targeted studies using molecular techniques to clarify taxonomy and areals of fungi associated with barley and to provide more detailed data on disease damage in this crop.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16034
М. V. Ermak, N. V. Matsishina, О. А. Sobko, P. Fisenko
Glycoalcoloids of plant origin serve as teratogens, causing various teratoses and abnormalities of insect development. Our previous studies discovered dependence of developmental defects in the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata upon its feeding on certain potato varieties. The present study was undertaken to study the toxic effect of α-tomatine against the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle. Tomatine was chosen as a model glycoalkaloid. Potato leaves were treated with tomatine solutions in different concentrations. Control leaves were treated with distilled water. Ten first-instar larvae were placed in a Petri dish with treated leaves. The effect of tomatine on H. vigintioctomaculata was assessed by appearance of morphological abnormalities in the adults. As a result, a confident direct correlation between the tomatine concentration and the developmental defect frequency was found. Brachelytry and cystelytry were the main anomaly types. When the stock 6 % solution was used, insect mortality was the highest, reaching 70 %. The highest level of teratoses (60 %) among survived insects and relatively high mortality (27 %) were observed in insects treated with 0.6 % solutions of tomatine. As the tomatine concentration decreased, so did the mortality level and developmental defect frequency. At 0.06 % solution treatement, mortality was 17 % and quote of teratoses – 47 %, at 0.006 % – 16.6 % and 6.8 %; at 0.0006 % – 3.3 % and 3.4 %, respectively. Thus, tomatine can be used as an insecticidal compound for potato cultivation.
{"title":"The toxic effect of α-tomatine on the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"М. V. Ermak, N. V. Matsishina, О. А. Sobko, P. Fisenko","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16034","url":null,"abstract":"Glycoalcoloids of plant origin serve as teratogens, causing various teratoses and abnormalities of insect development. Our previous studies discovered dependence of developmental defects in the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata upon its feeding on certain potato varieties. The present study was undertaken to study the toxic effect of α-tomatine against the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle. Tomatine was chosen as a model glycoalkaloid. Potato leaves were treated with tomatine solutions in different concentrations. Control leaves were treated with distilled water. Ten first-instar larvae were placed in a Petri dish with treated leaves. The effect of tomatine on H. vigintioctomaculata was assessed by appearance of morphological abnormalities in the adults. As a result, a confident direct correlation between the tomatine concentration and the developmental defect frequency was found. Brachelytry and cystelytry were the main anomaly types. When the stock 6 % solution was used, insect mortality was the highest, reaching 70 %. The highest level of teratoses (60 %) among survived insects and relatively high mortality (27 %) were observed in insects treated with 0.6 % solutions of tomatine. As the tomatine concentration decreased, so did the mortality level and developmental defect frequency. At 0.06 % solution treatement, mortality was 17 % and quote of teratoses – 47 %, at 0.006 % – 16.6 % and 6.8 %; at 0.0006 % – 3.3 % and 3.4 %, respectively. Thus, tomatine can be used as an insecticidal compound for potato cultivation.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16092
B. Güven, F. Özsemerci, F. Altindisli, B. Mıhcı, N. Keskin, O. Aşçıoğul
European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana is the most important pest causing crop losses in most of Türkiye’s grape growing regions, feeding mainly on inflorescence and grape berries. This study was carried out to determine the release efficiency and the most efficient dose of the native egg parasitoid, Trichogramma euproctidis against L. botrana in an organic vineyard located in the Menemen district of Izmir, in the Aegean Region, which has the largest grape production area. In this context, two different release doses at 75 000 and 100 000 parasitoids/ha were applied to find the most effective one. The effectiveness of the parasitoid was compared in terms of pest infestation rates in grape bunches from parasitoid-released and non-released plots just prior to harvest. The infestation rates in plots released 100 000 parasitoids/ha (12, 4 and 5 %) and 75 000 parasitoids/ha (7.5, 11 and 1 1 %) were lower than control (25, 33 and 70 %) in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the high release dose (100 000 parasitoids/ha) applied five or six times in total was the most promising with the lowest pest infestation rates. In this study, the most effective release dose (100 000 parasitoids/ha) of the native egg parasitoid, T. euproctidis, was determined for the first time in Türkiye. In conclusion, the results obtained from the study will encourage the use of this parasitoid in organic and integrated grape growing programs.
{"title":"Determination of Trichogramma euproctidis efficacy against the key pest, European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Aegean region vineyards, Turkey","authors":"B. Güven, F. Özsemerci, F. Altindisli, B. Mıhcı, N. Keskin, O. Aşçıoğul","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16092","url":null,"abstract":"European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana is the most important pest causing crop losses in most of Türkiye’s grape growing regions, feeding mainly on inflorescence and grape berries. This study was carried out to determine the release efficiency and the most efficient dose of the native egg parasitoid, Trichogramma euproctidis against L. botrana in an organic vineyard located in the Menemen district of Izmir, in the Aegean Region, which has the largest grape production area. In this context, two different release doses at 75 000 and 100 000 parasitoids/ha were applied to find the most effective one. The effectiveness of the parasitoid was compared in terms of pest infestation rates in grape bunches from parasitoid-released and non-released plots just prior to harvest. The infestation rates in plots released 100 000 parasitoids/ha (12, 4 and 5 %) and 75 000 parasitoids/ha (7.5, 11 and 1 1 %) were lower than control (25, 33 and 70 %) in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the high release dose (100 000 parasitoids/ha) applied five or six times in total was the most promising with the lowest pest infestation rates. In this study, the most effective release dose (100 000 parasitoids/ha) of the native egg parasitoid, T. euproctidis, was determined for the first time in Türkiye. In conclusion, the results obtained from the study will encourage the use of this parasitoid in organic and integrated grape growing programs.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16148
S. Malysh, A. M. Utkuzova, A. N. Ignatieva, B. A. Mirzakhodjaev, I. V. Grushevaya
Microsporidia are widespread parasites and cause diseases in economically important insects. A microsporidian isolate NspHA22 was discovered in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in South-Western Russia. It showed 100 % sequence identity of small subunit rRNA gene to Nosema bombycis, a natural parasite of the silkworm Bombyx mori. However, after feeding second or third instar B. mori larvae with spores of the new isolate, insect mortality didn’t differ from that of the control, and no sporulation was revealed in alive and perished insects. In contrast, feeding N. bombycis spores isolated from B. mori resulted in high levels of host mortality and intense parasite sporulation at all the infection dose and larval instars used. This likely indicates that the isolate NspHA22 belongs to a species different from N. bombycis, in spite of identity of rDNA sequences.
微孢子虫是一种广泛存在的寄生虫，可导致具有重要经济价值的昆虫发病。在俄罗斯西南部的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera体内发现了微孢子虫分离株NspHA22。它的小亚基 rRNA 基因与家蚕 Bombyx mori 的自然寄生虫 Nosema bombycis 的序列相同度为 100%。然而，用这种新分离物的孢子喂养桑蚕二龄或三龄幼虫后，昆虫的死亡率与对照组没有差别，而且在活虫和死亡昆虫体内都没有发现孢子。与此相反，在所有感染剂量和幼虫龄期下，喂食从莫氏虫中分离出的 N. bombycis 孢子都会导致宿主的高死亡率和寄生孢子的大量繁殖。这可能表明，尽管 rDNA 序列相同，但分离物 NspHA22 属于不同于 N. bombycis 的物种。
{"title":"Susceptibility of Bombyx mori larvae to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis from the silkworm and Nosema sp. from the cotton bollworm","authors":"S. Malysh, A. M. Utkuzova, A. N. Ignatieva, B. A. Mirzakhodjaev, I. V. Grushevaya","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16148","url":null,"abstract":"Microsporidia are widespread parasites and cause diseases in economically important insects. A microsporidian isolate NspHA22 was discovered in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in South-Western Russia. It showed 100 % sequence identity of small subunit rRNA gene to Nosema bombycis, a natural parasite of the silkworm Bombyx mori. However, after feeding second or third instar B. mori larvae with spores of the new isolate, insect mortality didn’t differ from that of the control, and no sporulation was revealed in alive and perished insects. In contrast, feeding N. bombycis spores isolated from B. mori resulted in high levels of host mortality and intense parasite sporulation at all the infection dose and larval instars used. This likely indicates that the isolate NspHA22 belongs to a species different from N. bombycis, in spite of identity of rDNA sequences.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15980
A. S. Barashkova, E. A. Rogozhin*
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the most important components of plant innate immunity to environmental stress factors and one of the most ancient tools of the defense system. Most of them are synthesized as factors of constitutive plant immunity, but there are also inducible forms belonging to “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PR-proteins from classes 12, 13 and 14). This review provides characteristics of the primary and three-dimensional structures of the main families of plant AMPs. The relationship between the types of spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chain is drawn. The functional analysis of plant AMPs is presented by data on the spectrum and quantitative level of activities against a number of economically significant fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, and related biological effects are indicated. Additionally, current information is provided on the molecular mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of plant AMPs based on defensins as the most studied structural group. In conclusion, aspects of the modes of action for plant AMPs on microorganisms are considered, on the basis of which a variant of the functional classification of these molecules is proposed. Based on these data, the prospects for their use as the basis of biopesticides for plant protection against pathogens were assessed.
{"title":"The potential of plant antimicrobial peptides for crop protection against diseases","authors":"A. S. Barashkova, E. A. Rogozhin*","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15980","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the most important components of plant innate immunity to environmental stress factors and one of the most ancient tools of the defense system. Most of them are synthesized as factors of constitutive plant immunity, but there are also inducible forms belonging to “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PR-proteins from classes 12, 13 and 14). This review provides characteristics of the primary and three-dimensional structures of the main families of plant AMPs. The relationship between the types of spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chain is drawn. The functional analysis of plant AMPs is presented by data on the spectrum and quantitative level of activities against a number of economically significant fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, and related biological effects are indicated. Additionally, current information is provided on the molecular mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of plant AMPs based on defensins as the most studied structural group. In conclusion, aspects of the modes of action for plant AMPs on microorganisms are considered, on the basis of which a variant of the functional classification of these molecules is proposed. Based on these data, the prospects for their use as the basis of biopesticides for plant protection against pathogens were assessed.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15487
T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina, V. V. Olifer
Under laboratory conditions, resistance to insecticides in several strains of the housefly, Musca domestica, obtained from populations collected at various facilities in the Moscow and Kaluga regions, was assessed by intestinal ingestion of insecticidal baits. The insects of the strains Krasnogorsk and Kaluga had the highest resistance ratios to fipronil (23.3–76.7x), while those of the KSK-1 and KSK-2 strains were tolerant (6.3–7.7x). The strains Krasnogorsk, KSK-1, KSK-2 and Kaluga are highly resistant to neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam 80.4–104.8x and clothianidin 79.5–97.9x), weakly tolerant to chlorfenapyr (1.8–2.8x) and highly susceptible to indoxacarb (0.22–0.54x). A comparison was made of the contact and intestinal effects of insecticides against the housefly. The resistance factor of the housefly to fipronil, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin upon contact is 1.5–4.4 times higher than those after feeding with the similar insecticide dose. Possible mechanisms of insect multiresistance to insecticides are discussed. Comparative evaluation using three strains of the housefly showed that a number of industrially produced baits are effective for control of the field populations of the house fly. Physiological resistance of the housefly of Krasnogorsk and Kaluga strains to baits based on methomyl was shown.
{"title":"Intestinal effects of modern insecticides on multiresistant strains of the housefly Musca domestica","authors":"T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina, V. V. Olifer","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15487","url":null,"abstract":"Under laboratory conditions, resistance to insecticides in several strains of the housefly, Musca domestica, obtained from populations collected at various facilities in the Moscow and Kaluga regions, was assessed by intestinal ingestion of insecticidal baits. The insects of the strains Krasnogorsk and Kaluga had the highest resistance ratios to fipronil (23.3–76.7x), while those of the KSK-1 and KSK-2 strains were tolerant (6.3–7.7x). The strains Krasnogorsk, KSK-1, KSK-2 and Kaluga are highly resistant to neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam 80.4–104.8x and clothianidin 79.5–97.9x), weakly tolerant to chlorfenapyr (1.8–2.8x) and highly susceptible to indoxacarb (0.22–0.54x). A comparison was made of the contact and intestinal effects of insecticides against the housefly. The resistance factor of the housefly to fipronil, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin upon contact is 1.5–4.4 times higher than those after feeding with the similar insecticide dose. Possible mechanisms of insect multiresistance to insecticides are discussed. Comparative evaluation using three strains of the housefly showed that a number of industrially produced baits are effective for control of the field populations of the house fly. Physiological resistance of the housefly of Krasnogorsk and Kaluga strains to baits based on methomyl was shown.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16041
T. Gagkaeva, A. Orina, I. I. Trubin, O. Gavrilova, A. V. Khiutti
Among the 140 isolates collected from symptomatic potato tubers in four different European regions of Russia in 2021–2022, as many as 37.8 % isolates were identified as Fusarium sambucinum. Randomly selected isolates (n=19) of F. sambucinum were identified with DNA sequence data of the TEF locus and morphological characteristics on nutrient media. The growth rate of strains on potato-sucrose agar was assessed in the temperature range of 5–35 °C. The temperature optimum for growth of all strains was set at 25 °C, the average growth rate of strains was 13.68 ± 0.67 mm/day. The upper critical temperature completely arresting growth of strains was 35 °C, while at the temperature of 5 °C the strains were still able to grow at an average rate of 0.85 ± 0.27 mm/day. Fusarium sambucinum strains were characterized by their ability to produce symptoms of rot in potato tubers after inoculation and further incubation at 5 and 23 °C. Most strains caused extensive necrosis at the higher temperature, but there were strains whose aggressiveness was not affected by temperature. There is no clearly defined relationship between the origin of F. sambucinum strains and their aggressiveness.
{"title":"Fusarium sambucinum: causing dry tuber rot of potatoes","authors":"T. Gagkaeva, A. Orina, I. I. Trubin, O. Gavrilova, A. V. Khiutti","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16041","url":null,"abstract":"Among the 140 isolates collected from symptomatic potato tubers in four different European regions of Russia in 2021–2022, as many as 37.8 % isolates were identified as Fusarium sambucinum. Randomly selected isolates (n=19) of F. sambucinum were identified with DNA sequence data of the TEF locus and morphological characteristics on nutrient media. The growth rate of strains on potato-sucrose agar was assessed in the temperature range of 5–35 °C. The temperature optimum for growth of all strains was set at 25 °C, the average growth rate of strains was 13.68 ± 0.67 mm/day. The upper critical temperature completely arresting growth of strains was 35 °C, while at the temperature of 5 °C the strains were still able to grow at an average rate of 0.85 ± 0.27 mm/day. Fusarium sambucinum strains were characterized by their ability to produce symptoms of rot in potato tubers after inoculation and further incubation at 5 and 23 °C. Most strains caused extensive necrosis at the higher temperature, but there were strains whose aggressiveness was not affected by temperature. There is no clearly defined relationship between the origin of F. sambucinum strains and their aggressiveness.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16066
D. A. Popov*, A. V. Grintsevich
The subtropical mite species Transeius montdorensis is widely used to control thrips and other sucking pests in European countries. To develop a domestic technology for the mass rearing of T. montdorensis, its biotic potential has been evaluated under large scale production. The growth rate of T. montdorensis is 0.19±0.017, the doubling time is 4.7±0.29 days at 26–27 °C. In the tested range of mite densities (5–80 ind./ml), the growth rate tends to decrease as the density increases. This trend can be approximated by a logarithmic curve. The density 60–80 ind./ml causes not only a significant drop in the population growth rate but also the decrease in range of its fluctuations. Higher fluctuations of growth rate at lower predator densities (5–15 ind./ml) are probably due to the fact that, in some containers, the predator is unable to hold back outbreaks of its prey (the flour mite Tyrophagus entomophagus). As a result, the prey overpopulates the substrate, which causes its contamination by waste products stimulating microflora development. The growth rate in the density range of 5–15 ind./ml is lower than expected and does not differ significantly from that in the range of 20–30 ind./ml. This indicates that the prey uncontrolled growth inhibit the reproduction of T. montdorensis. The population doubling time is a reliable indicator for screening the best stock culture of T. montdorensis for its successful rearing up to density 60 ind./ml within 6–8 days, i.e., before mass growth of fungi in the substrate. The range of 20–30 ind./ml is the optimal starting density for mass rearing, and when the predator reaches a density of more than 60 ind./ml, it should be resettled or offered for sale.
{"title":"Biotic potential of Transeius montdorensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under technocenosis conditions","authors":"D. A. Popov*, A. V. Grintsevich","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16066","url":null,"abstract":"The subtropical mite species Transeius montdorensis is widely used to control thrips and other sucking pests in European countries. To develop a domestic technology for the mass rearing of T. montdorensis, its biotic potential has been evaluated under large scale production. The growth rate of T. montdorensis is 0.19±0.017, the doubling time is 4.7±0.29 days at 26–27 °C. In the tested range of mite densities (5–80 ind./ml), the growth rate tends to decrease as the density increases. This trend can be approximated by a logarithmic curve. The density 60–80 ind./ml causes not only a significant drop in the population growth rate but also the decrease in range of its fluctuations. Higher fluctuations of growth rate at lower predator densities (5–15 ind./ml) are probably due to the fact that, in some containers, the predator is unable to hold back outbreaks of its prey (the flour mite Tyrophagus entomophagus). As a result, the prey overpopulates the substrate, which causes its contamination by waste products stimulating microflora development. The growth rate in the density range of 5–15 ind./ml is lower than expected and does not differ significantly from that in the range of 20–30 ind./ml. This indicates that the prey uncontrolled growth inhibit the reproduction of T. montdorensis. The population doubling time is a reliable indicator for screening the best stock culture of T. montdorensis for its successful rearing up to density 60 ind./ml within 6–8 days, i.e., before mass growth of fungi in the substrate. The range of 20–30 ind./ml is the optimal starting density for mass rearing, and when the predator reaches a density of more than 60 ind./ml, it should be resettled or offered for sale.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15690
N. Krupenko
Cultivated area of cereal crops in Belarus is up to 35 %. As many as 61 seed dressers and 100 fungicides are used for protection of cereals against a number of diseases in the country. Eleven chemical groups of fungicides are exploited in Belarus: phenylamides, methyl benzimidazole carbamates, aryl-phenyl-ketones, SDHI, QoI, anilino-pyrimidines, azanaphthalenes, phenylpyrroles, DMI, amines (morpholines), dithiocarbamates. Their classification and modes of actions are the clue to choose suitable active ingredients according to the current phytopathological situation, weather conditions etc. Classification of fungicides is given based upon chemical structure, target sites, mobility within the plants and action on fungal development inside the plant tissue.
{"title":"Classification and mode of action of chemical fungicides applied for cereal crops protection in Belarus","authors":"N. Krupenko","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15690","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivated area of cereal crops in Belarus is up to 35 %. As many as 61 seed dressers and 100 fungicides are used for protection of cereals against a number of diseases in the country. Eleven chemical groups of fungicides are exploited in Belarus: phenylamides, methyl benzimidazole carbamates, aryl-phenyl-ketones, SDHI, QoI, anilino-pyrimidines, azanaphthalenes, phenylpyrroles, DMI, amines (morpholines), dithiocarbamates. Their classification and modes of actions are the clue to choose suitable active ingredients according to the current phytopathological situation, weather conditions etc. Classification of fungicides is given based upon chemical structure, target sites, mobility within the plants and action on fungal development inside the plant tissue.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15781
N. Krupenko
Physical and chemical properties of fungicides applied for protection of cereals against diseases in Belarus and their mobility in plant tissues are analyzed. The main properties allowing to predict plant mobility of fungicides are water solubility, lipophilicity (partition coefficient – LogP), and dissociation constant (pKa). The higher partition coefficient in nonpolar molecules, the higher are their nonsystemic (contact) properties, and vice versa. For polar molecules, the lower dissociation constant, the higher their mobility in plants. Information of fungicides plant mobility allows to understand their action on pathological process. In nonsystemic (contact) molecules with high LogP have affinity to wax layer of cuticle. Therefore they have good protection (prevention) properties because of their ability to prevent spores germination. Molecules with acropetal properties have good curative action because of their mobility in xylem away from application site. Therefore they may prevent mycelium development after its penetration in plant tissues.
{"title":"Physical-chemical properties of fungicides applied for protection of cereals against diseases in Belarus","authors":"N. Krupenko","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15781","url":null,"abstract":"Physical and chemical properties of fungicides applied for protection of cereals against diseases in Belarus and their mobility in plant tissues are analyzed. The main properties allowing to predict plant mobility of fungicides are water solubility, lipophilicity (partition coefficient – LogP), and dissociation constant (pKa). The higher partition coefficient in nonpolar molecules, the higher are their nonsystemic (contact) properties, and vice versa. For polar molecules, the lower dissociation constant, the higher their mobility in plants. Information of fungicides plant mobility allows to understand their action on pathological process. In nonsystemic (contact) molecules with high LogP have affinity to wax layer of cuticle. Therefore they have good protection (prevention) properties because of their ability to prevent spores germination. Molecules with acropetal properties have good curative action because of their mobility in xylem away from application site. Therefore they may prevent mycelium development after its penetration in plant tissues.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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