Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-3-15320
I. Novikova, E. Popova, N. Kovalenko, I. Krasnobaeva
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the culture liquid of Bacillus subtilis strains VKM B-2604D and VKM B-2605D and its components (cell-free supernatant and bacterial cell suspension) to the formation of induced resistance to spot blotch and leaf rust in wheat plants, as well as to establish the optimal cell concentration and application time which determine the effectiveness of the laboratory samples containing 0.1 % chitosan salicylate (CS). It is assumed that the culture liquid and its supernatant contain biologically active metabolites possessing elicitor activity and responsible for the manifestation of induced wheat resistance to spot blotch and leaf rust. Treatment of wheat leaves with culture liquid and supernatant reduced the B. sorokiniana infection level by 1.5–2 times, and P. triticina by 20 % and 10 %, respectively, as compared to the control. Meanwhile, the suspension of bacterial cells did not suppress the development of the disease symptoms. It has been experimentally shown that all culture liquid samples tested showed the greatest inducing effect at the concentration of 109 CFU/ml. It was found that among the application timing variants (1 and 2 days before and 1 and 2 days after the inoculation), pre-treatment of wheat plants one day before the pathogen inoculation was the most effective, significantly reducing the disease development. As a result, the area of leaf damage by the spot blotch and the leaf rust was decreased 6- and 10-fold, respectively, as compared to the control.
{"title":"The factors increasing the inducing activity of two Bacillus. subtilis strains in the protection of wheat against pathogens of spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana and leaf rust Puccinia triticina","authors":"I. Novikova, E. Popova, N. Kovalenko, I. Krasnobaeva","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-3-15320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-3-15320","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the culture liquid of Bacillus subtilis strains VKM B-2604D and VKM B-2605D and its components (cell-free supernatant and bacterial cell suspension) to the formation of induced resistance to spot blotch and leaf rust in wheat plants, as well as to establish the optimal cell concentration and application time which determine the effectiveness of the laboratory samples containing 0.1 % chitosan salicylate (CS). It is assumed that the culture liquid and its supernatant contain biologically active metabolites possessing elicitor activity and responsible for the manifestation of induced wheat resistance to spot blotch and leaf rust. Treatment of wheat leaves with culture liquid and supernatant reduced the B. sorokiniana infection level by 1.5–2 times, and P. triticina by 20 % and 10 %, respectively, as compared to the control. Meanwhile, the suspension of bacterial cells did not suppress the development of the disease symptoms. It has been experimentally shown that all culture liquid samples tested showed the greatest inducing effect at the concentration of 109 CFU/ml. It was found that among the application timing variants (1 and 2 days before and 1 and 2 days after the inoculation), pre-treatment of wheat plants one day before the pathogen inoculation was the most effective, significantly reducing the disease development. As a result, the area of leaf damage by the spot blotch and the leaf rust was decreased 6- and 10-fold, respectively, as compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87657782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-3-15346
T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina, V. V. Olifer
Under laboratory conditions, resistance to insecticides from various chemical classes of several strains of the housefly, Musca domestica, obtained from populations collected at facilities in the Moscow and Kaluga regions (KSK-1 in a cowshed and KSK-2 in the stable of an equestrian sports club, Krasnogorsk – at a food facility, Kaluga – in the compost of a garden non-profit partnership). It was found that when insecticides were applied topically, houseflies of all the studied strains hadthe highest resistance to cypermethrin (RF=75–900x) and to neonicotinoid compounds thiamethoxam and clothianidin (RF=95–330x). High resistance to fipronil was found in two strains of fly (RF= 46–75x). Strain KSK-1 was weakly tolerant to chlorpyrifos (RF=3.7x), while the other strains were susceptible. All the studied house fly strains were more susceptible to indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr than the laboratory strain S-NIID. The data indicate that studied housefly strains are multiresistant to almost all commonly used insecticides. Possible mechanisms of insect resistance to insecticides are discussed. Frequent use of insecticides of various chemical classes led to resistance in the target pest. Widespread use of pyrethroids in animal facilities has led to high resistance to them in the house fly because places where larvae hatch are constantly polluted with these insecticides. High resistance to neonicotinoids is also due to their frequent use as poisoned baits in livestock facilities. To the contrary, the studied housefly strains remained susceptible to the tested oxadiazines and pyrroles, chemical classes that were recently introduced to Russia.
{"title":"Resistance to insecticides of housefly Musca domestica in the center of the European part of Russia","authors":"T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina, V. V. Olifer","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-3-15346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-3-15346","url":null,"abstract":"Under laboratory conditions, resistance to insecticides from various chemical classes of several strains of the housefly, Musca domestica, obtained from populations collected at facilities in the Moscow and Kaluga regions (KSK-1 in a cowshed and KSK-2 in the stable of an equestrian sports club, Krasnogorsk – at a food facility, Kaluga – in the compost of a garden non-profit partnership). It was found that when insecticides were applied topically, houseflies of all the studied strains hadthe highest resistance to cypermethrin (RF=75–900x) and to neonicotinoid compounds thiamethoxam and clothianidin (RF=95–330x). High resistance to fipronil was found in two strains of fly (RF= 46–75x). Strain KSK-1 was weakly tolerant to chlorpyrifos (RF=3.7x), while the other strains were susceptible. All the studied house fly strains were more susceptible to indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr than the laboratory strain S-NIID. The data indicate that studied housefly strains are multiresistant to almost all commonly used insecticides. Possible mechanisms of insect resistance to insecticides are discussed. Frequent use of insecticides of various chemical classes led to resistance in the target pest. Widespread use of pyrethroids in animal facilities has led to high resistance to them in the house fly because places where larvae hatch are constantly polluted with these insecticides. High resistance to neonicotinoids is also due to their frequent use as poisoned baits in livestock facilities. To the contrary, the studied housefly strains remained susceptible to the tested oxadiazines and pyrroles, chemical classes that were recently introduced to Russia.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82019903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15269
L. Krasavina, O. Trapeznikova
The possibility of breeding of phytoseiid predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Transeius montdorensis using hardwood sawdust as a substrate and frozen dried fruit mite (Carpoglyphus lactis) as feed was studied. The number of larvae produced by N. cucumeris was 31.5 % lower on frozen feed in sawdust than in the control, while in T. montdorensis it was lower by 47.7 %. The number of individuals surviving to adulthood compared to the control was lower by 28.6 % and 42.9 %, respectively. The maximum daily growth rate of the population was reduced relatively to the control by 3.7 individuals in N. cucumeris, and by 4.5 in T. montdorensis –. On frozen feed in bran, N. cucumeris produced 20.5 % fewer larvae than in the control, T. montdorensis – 35.1 % fewer larvae. The number of individuals surviving to adulthood was reduced by 18.3 % and 35.3 %, respectively, compared to the control. The maximum daily population growth rate was 1.7 individuals lower than in the control in N. cucumeris, and – 3.9 individuals lower in T. montdorensis. On live feed in sawdust, larval production was similar to the control (lower by 1.1 % in N. cucumeris and 14.2 % in T. montdorensis). The number of individuals was reduced relatively to the control by 1.7 % and 14.8 %, respectively. The maximum daily population growth rate in N. cucumeris is slightly lower (by 0.7 individuals) than in the control, and in T. montdorensis it even exceeded the control by 0.6 individuals per day. Our results showed the possibility of using sawdust as a cheaper substrate for breeding of both species of predatory mites and poor performance of the frozen feed compared to the live one.
{"title":"Improvement of breeding methods of predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Transeius montdorensis for biological plant protection","authors":"L. Krasavina, O. Trapeznikova","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15269","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of breeding of phytoseiid predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Transeius montdorensis using hardwood sawdust as a substrate and frozen dried fruit mite (Carpoglyphus lactis) as feed was studied. The number of larvae produced by N. cucumeris was 31.5 % lower on frozen feed in sawdust than in the control, while in T. montdorensis it was lower by 47.7 %. The number of individuals surviving to adulthood compared to the control was lower by 28.6 % and 42.9 %, respectively. The maximum daily growth rate of the population was reduced relatively to the control by 3.7 individuals in N. cucumeris, and by 4.5 in T. montdorensis –. On frozen feed in bran, N. cucumeris produced 20.5 % fewer larvae than in the control, T. montdorensis – 35.1 % fewer larvae. The number of individuals surviving to adulthood was reduced by 18.3 % and 35.3 %, respectively, compared to the control. The maximum daily population growth rate was 1.7 individuals lower than in the control in N. cucumeris, and – 3.9 individuals lower in T. montdorensis. On live feed in sawdust, larval production was similar to the control (lower by 1.1 % in N. cucumeris and 14.2 % in T. montdorensis). The number of individuals was reduced relatively to the control by 1.7 % and 14.8 %, respectively. The maximum daily population growth rate in N. cucumeris is slightly lower (by 0.7 individuals) than in the control, and in T. montdorensis it even exceeded the control by 0.6 individuals per day. Our results showed the possibility of using sawdust as a cheaper substrate for breeding of both species of predatory mites and poor performance of the frozen feed compared to the live one.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88442715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15325
O. Tomilova, G. Lednev, N. Volkova, E. Kozlova
Endophytic properties of entomopathogenic fungi currently receive considerable attention from the scientific community. In the present work, it was shown that the fungus Beauveria bassiana (strain BBK-1) is able to successfully colonize broad bean and sweet pepper plants under laboratory conditions. The green peach aphid actively bred on both plant species. The density of aphids developing on plants colonized by B. bassiana was significantly lower as compared to the control, both on peppers and beans. The growth-stimulating effect of endophytic colonization by B. bassiana was less pronounced on beans, while on sweet pepper plants, a significant increase in plant height and an earlier onset of the budding were found. The observed effects indicate that B. bassiana has a potential to be used as a polyfunctional biocontrol agent in agricultural practice.
{"title":"Effect of the endophytic colonization of Beauveria bassiana on the population density of peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the growth parameters of plants","authors":"O. Tomilova, G. Lednev, N. Volkova, E. Kozlova","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15325","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic properties of entomopathogenic fungi currently receive considerable attention from the scientific community. In the present work, it was shown that the fungus Beauveria bassiana (strain BBK-1) is able to successfully colonize broad bean and sweet pepper plants under laboratory conditions. The green peach aphid actively bred on both plant species. The density of aphids developing on plants colonized by B. bassiana was significantly lower as compared to the control, both on peppers and beans. The growth-stimulating effect of endophytic colonization by B. bassiana was less pronounced on beans, while on sweet pepper plants, a significant increase in plant height and an earlier onset of the budding were found. The observed effects indicate that B. bassiana has a potential to be used as a polyfunctional biocontrol agent in agricultural practice.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88733416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15282
D. Popov, N. Belyakova
This review discusses various aspects of biology, production and application of phytoseiid mites in plant protection. Phytoseiids are one of the most widely used groups of natural enemies for biological control in greenhouses. Currently, 45 species are available on the market; many of them are produced in weekly amounts of tens of millions. The most popular biocontrol agents are omnivorous species Neoseiulus cucumeris, N. barkeri, Amblyseius andersoni, A. swirskii, Typhlodromus pyri, and T. montdorensis. They control wide range of pests but have no strong food preferences. As a result, they are used mostly in inundative augmentation, which means instant releases of large numbers of of individuals. Entomophages of this group quickly develop resistance to pesticides in the field, which opens up opportunities for selecting resistant lines. The review also talks about the introduction and maintenance of predator populations in greenhouses, including the use of banker plants.
{"title":"World experience in the production and use of phytoseiid mites","authors":"D. Popov, N. Belyakova","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-2-15282","url":null,"abstract":"This review discusses various aspects of biology, production and application of phytoseiid mites in plant protection. \u0000Phytoseiids are one of the most widely used groups of natural enemies for biological control in greenhouses. Currently, \u000045 species are available on the market; many of them are produced in weekly amounts of tens of millions. The most \u0000popular biocontrol agents are omnivorous species Neoseiulus cucumeris, N. barkeri, Amblyseius andersoni, A. swirskii, \u0000Typhlodromus pyri, and T. montdorensis. They control wide range of pests but have no strong food preferences. As a \u0000result, they are used mostly in inundative augmentation, which means instant releases of large numbers of of individuals. \u0000Entomophages of this group quickly develop resistance to pesticides in the field, which opens up opportunities for selecting \u0000resistant lines. The review also talks about the introduction and maintenance of predator populations in greenhouses, \u0000including the use of banker plants.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90323322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15236
P. A. Opyakin, G. Ivanova
Among the two methods of growing white cabbage, the seedling technology is more widely used in North-Western Russia. Watering seedlings in cassettes with a systemic formulation of neonicotinoid insecticide Actara, WDG (250 g/kg thiamethoxam) prior to planting has been developed to protect white cabbage from early spring pests: flea beetles of the genus of Phyllotreta and the cabbage root fly. This approach is widely used by commercial growers and its efficacy requires monitoring under current conditions because of a possibility of resistance development. Testing Actara, WDG in 2019 and 2021 at the experimental field of All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection didn’t show any significant decrease of biological effectiveness of seedling treatment. Testing biological effectiveness of systemic insecticides belonging to the chemical class of carbamates Lannate, WSP (250 g/kg metomil) and the new class isoxazolines isocycloseram was carried out in parallel. Biological effectiveness of the latter insecticide was higher compared to Actara against the flea beetles and the cabbage root fly during a 21-day period. In addition, plant infestation with diamondback moth decreased. Efficacy indices of Lannate were significantly lower. Isocycloseram shows a good potential for inclusion into the Index of Registered Formulations of the Russian Federation to protect cabbage against a complex of insect pests. Having an additional active ingredient available to farmers will be begenicial for developing rotation schemes to combat pest resistance.
{"title":"Effectiveness of insecticides against pests of white cabbage grown using seedling technology","authors":"P. A. Opyakin, G. Ivanova","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15236","url":null,"abstract":"Among the two methods of growing white cabbage, the seedling technology is more widely used in North-Western Russia. Watering seedlings in cassettes with a systemic formulation of neonicotinoid insecticide Actara, WDG (250 g/kg thiamethoxam) prior to planting has been developed to protect white cabbage from early spring pests: flea beetles of the genus of Phyllotreta and the cabbage root fly. This approach is widely used by commercial growers and its efficacy requires monitoring under current conditions because of a possibility of resistance development. Testing Actara, WDG in 2019 and 2021 at the experimental field of All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection didn’t show any significant decrease of biological effectiveness of seedling treatment. Testing biological effectiveness of systemic insecticides belonging to the chemical class of carbamates Lannate, WSP (250 g/kg metomil) and the new class isoxazolines isocycloseram was carried out in parallel. Biological effectiveness of the latter insecticide was higher compared to Actara against the flea beetles and the cabbage root fly during a 21-day period. In addition, plant infestation with diamondback moth decreased. Efficacy indices of Lannate were significantly lower. Isocycloseram shows a good potential for inclusion into the Index of Registered Formulations of the Russian Federation to protect cabbage against a complex of insect pests. Having an additional active ingredient available to farmers will be begenicial for developing rotation schemes to combat pest resistance.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85656650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15186
A. A. Kovalenko, V. Sharoyko, I. Kazartsev
In modern agriculture, there is a demand for alternative approaches to increase yields, to upgrade methods for detecting chemical contaminants, and to improve quality of phytosanitary diagnostics and the effectiveness of plant protection. One promising approach to addressing these issues is aptamer technology. Aptamers are oligonucleotide and peptide molecules capable of molecular recognition of both small inorganic and organic compounds, as well as proteins. Development of aptamers specific to the target molecule is performed in vitro using SELEX technology. Aptamer binding to the target follows principles common to antigen-antibody interaction. Due to this property, aptamers have found applications as targeted biological agents, «smart» materials, and new generation bioanalytical sensors. This review contains a brief analysis of the successes and prospects of applying aptamer technology in analytical monitoring and phytosanitary control. In particular, approaches and examples of aptamer-based test systems and sensors for detection of various compounds in natural objects, and related commercial products are discussed. Examples of aptamers application in development of “smart” fertilizers, innovative pesticides, and for engineering of plants resistant to viral diseases are also given.
{"title":"Prospects for the application of aptamers in plant protection and crop production","authors":"A. A. Kovalenko, V. Sharoyko, I. Kazartsev","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15186","url":null,"abstract":"In modern agriculture, there is a demand for alternative approaches to increase yields, to upgrade methods for detecting chemical contaminants, and to improve quality of phytosanitary diagnostics and the effectiveness of plant protection. One promising approach to addressing these issues is aptamer technology. Aptamers are oligonucleotide and peptide molecules capable of molecular recognition of both small inorganic and organic compounds, as well as proteins. Development of aptamers specific to the target molecule is performed in vitro using SELEX technology. Aptamer binding to the target follows principles common to antigen-antibody interaction. Due to this property, aptamers have found applications as targeted biological agents, «smart» materials, and new generation bioanalytical sensors. This review contains a brief analysis of the successes and prospects of applying aptamer technology in analytical monitoring and phytosanitary control. In particular, approaches and examples of aptamer-based test systems and sensors for detection of various compounds in natural objects, and related commercial products are discussed. Examples of aptamers application in development of “smart” fertilizers, innovative pesticides, and for engineering of plants resistant to viral diseases are also given.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89061916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15260
A. K. Kononchuk*, S. Malysh, A. C. Rumiantseva, D. S. Kireeva, A. Gerus, V. Zhuravlyov
Cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pests. Intracellular endosymbionts are widespread in Lepidoptera, often playing an important role in their dynamics. The prevalence of endosymbionts of cotton bollworm in Russia was not investigated. Cotton bollworm larvae and adults were collected in 2018–2020 in Krasnodar Area, and in Voronezh and Saratov Regions (from 131 to 170 insects) and analyzed by PCR using sets of group-specific primers for baculoviruses (locus lef8), bacteria of the genus of Wolbachia (locus wsp), and microsporidia (locus SSU rRNA). Level of infection with baculoviruses was 16 % for the sample of 32 individuals collected in Temryuk District of Krasnodar Area in 2018. The infection rate of the entire sample of 170 individuals was 2.9 %. The lef8 locus demonstrated 98.7–99.6 % of sequence similarity to the nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates from the cotton bollworm and American bollworm. Among the tested 131 insects, bacteria of the genus of Wolbachia were not detected. PCR screening for microsporidia revealed one positive larvae among 19 insects collected in Krasnoarmeysk District of Krasnodar Area in 2019, which corresponded to the prevalence of 5 %. Partial sequencing of the genes coding for SSU rRNA and largest subunit RNA polymerase II made it possible to identify the new isolate as N. bombycis.
{"title":"Molecular detection of endosymbionts in local populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in European part of Russia","authors":"A. K. Kononchuk*, S. Malysh, A. C. Rumiantseva, D. S. Kireeva, A. Gerus, V. Zhuravlyov","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15260","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pests. Intracellular endosymbionts are widespread in Lepidoptera, often playing an important role in their dynamics. The prevalence of endosymbionts of cotton bollworm in Russia was not investigated. Cotton bollworm larvae and adults were collected in 2018–2020 in Krasnodar Area, and in Voronezh and Saratov Regions (from 131 to 170 insects) and analyzed by PCR using sets of group-specific primers for baculoviruses (locus lef8), bacteria of the genus of Wolbachia (locus wsp), and microsporidia (locus SSU rRNA). Level of infection with baculoviruses was 16 % for the sample of 32 individuals collected in Temryuk District of Krasnodar Area in 2018. The infection rate of the entire sample of 170 individuals was 2.9 %. The lef8 locus demonstrated 98.7–99.6 % of sequence similarity to the nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates from the cotton bollworm and American bollworm. Among the tested 131 insects, bacteria of the genus of Wolbachia were not detected. PCR screening for microsporidia revealed one positive larvae among 19 insects collected in Krasnoarmeysk District of Krasnodar Area in 2019, which corresponded to the prevalence of 5 %. Partial sequencing of the genes coding for SSU rRNA and largest subunit RNA polymerase II made it possible to identify the new isolate as N. bombycis.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79361098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15219
V. Zhuravlyov, V. Dolgikh, S. Timofeev, F. B. Gannibal
RNA-interference, or suppression of gene expression by small RNAs, was originally described in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1998 and is currently widely considered for use in plant protection. The use of double-stranded RNA molecules as an inducer of the RNA interference pathway in insect pests potentially allows employing them as active ingredients in modern pesticides. Genetically modified crops expressing dsRNA have been developed as commercial products with a great potential in insect pest management. Alternatively, some nontransformative approaches, including foliar spray and chemigation, are also suitable for practical applications. This review explains the mechanism of artificially induced RNA interference and existing strategies for the delivery of small RNAs to target insects within the framework of plant protection.
{"title":"RNA interference method in plant protection against insect pests","authors":"V. Zhuravlyov, V. Dolgikh, S. Timofeev, F. B. Gannibal","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-1-15219","url":null,"abstract":"RNA-interference, or suppression of gene expression by small RNAs, was originally described in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1998 and is currently widely considered for use in plant protection. The use of double-stranded RNA molecules as an inducer of the RNA interference pathway in insect pests potentially allows employing them as active ingredients in modern pesticides. Genetically modified crops expressing dsRNA have been developed as commercial products with a great potential in insect pest management. Alternatively, some nontransformative approaches, including foliar spray and chemigation, are also suitable for practical applications. This review explains the mechanism of artificially induced RNA interference and existing strategies for the delivery of small RNAs to target insects within the framework of plant protection.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75497518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15075
R. Khairullin, D. V. Garifullina, S. Veselova, E. Cherepanova, I. Maksimov
The paper presents the results of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) of the presence of potato viruses S (PVS), M (PVM), Y (PVY), X (PVX), and Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) in tubers of various potato varieties grown in 2019 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. PVS, PVM, PVY, PVX were detected, the VSLK virus was not detected. The greatest infection with PVS, PVM, and PVX was observed in samples of tubers of early-maturing varieties. Tubers of mid-early and late-maturing varieties were more often affected by PVY than early-maturing ones, and PVX was not detected in plants of those varieties. Ribonuclease (RNase) activity in potato tubers of 14 varieties depended on the earliness of the variety, regardless of the soil and climatic conditions. A statistically significant positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between the abundance of PVS and PVM viruses and RNase activity in tubers of medium-early and late-maturing varieties, whereas, on the contrary, a negative correlation between PVM and RNase activity was revealed when analyzing tubers of early-maturing varieties. It is concluded that the prevalence of potato viruses in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the activity of RNase in tuber seedlings depend on the potato variety and the type of viruses.
{"title":"Potato infection with viruses in the Republic of Bashkortostan and ribonuclease activity in tubers","authors":"R. Khairullin, D. V. Garifullina, S. Veselova, E. Cherepanova, I. Maksimov","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15075","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) of the presence of potato viruses S (PVS), M (PVM), Y (PVY), X (PVX), and Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) in tubers of various potato varieties grown in 2019 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. PVS, PVM, PVY, PVX were detected, the VSLK virus was not detected. The greatest infection with PVS, PVM, and PVX was observed in samples of tubers of early-maturing varieties. Tubers of mid-early and late-maturing varieties were more often affected by PVY than early-maturing ones, and PVX was not detected in plants of those varieties. Ribonuclease (RNase) activity in potato tubers of 14 varieties depended on the earliness of the variety, regardless of the soil and climatic conditions. A statistically significant positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between the abundance of PVS and PVM viruses and RNase activity in tubers of medium-early and late-maturing varieties, whereas, on the contrary, a negative correlation between PVM and RNase activity was revealed when analyzing tubers of early-maturing varieties. It is concluded that the prevalence of potato viruses in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the activity of RNase in tuber seedlings depend on the potato variety and the type of viruses.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89434028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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