Preventive Nutrition and Food Science最新文献

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels because of insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. The early detection and management of diabetes are essential to control diabetes and prevent the progression of this disease. Natural remedies have attracted attention for their potential role in the treatment of diabetes. Psidium guajava and Syzygium cumini have shown significant hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties because of the presence of quercetin, rutin and gallic acid. This review aims to provide evidence supporting the beneficial effects of P. guajava and S. cumini leaves as sustainable substitutes for synthetic drugs, highlighting their therapeutic potential in diabetes treatment.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation, has been linked to steroidogenic enzyme activity. Previous studies have reported that soybean isoflavones act as inhibitors of these enzymes due to their anti-androgenic properties. This study evaluated the potential anti-androgenic mechanism of soybean tempeh extract in PCOS through both in vivo and in silico approaches. Female Wistar rats were induced with letrozole to model PCOS, followed by treatments with tempeh extract and metformin as a positive control. Serum testosterone, estrous cycle patterns, and weight were assessed. In the in silico study, daidzein and genistein were docked to the androgen receptor (AR) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD). Treatment with tempeh extract at 250 mg/kg body weight more effectively restored abnormal estrous cycles than metformin. Weight gain and testosterone levels also decreased in this group. Daidzein and genistein bound to AR inhibitor amino acids; however, only genistein showed high binding energy to 17β-HSD inhibitor amino acids. As an anti-androgen, the findings suggest that tempeh extract at 250 mg/kg body weight may serve as a dietary supplement for managing PCOS, potentially via AR inhibition.

In this study, we investigated the genomic characteristics and bioactive metabolite profiles of three novel Bacillus strains that were isolated from the intestinal tracts of healthy carp (Cyprinus carpio). Strain identification and whole-genome sequencing were performed before analysis. Among the three novel strains, R1 and R4 were classified as Bacillus subtilis, and strain R5 was classified as Bacillus velezensis. Genome mining revealed a repertoire of secondary metabolites, including bacillaene, bacillibactin, bacilysin, difficidin, and fengycin, which likely contribute to the probiotic potential of these strains. The metabolite profiles were further characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, with fengycins and bacillibactin specifically isolated and identified. Additionally, the presence of genetic markers associated with antimicrobial resistance was assessed, and these gene profiles were reconstructed. These Bacillus strains represent promising candidates for the development of novel feed additives for aquaculture.

A high-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for infertility, and regular exercise has been considered as a nonpharmacological intervention in the treatment of infertility. This study examined how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) affects testicular levels of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, glucose, lactate, total cholesterol (TC), and testicular and serum testosterone (TES) levels in rats fed with a HFD or normal diet (ND). Forty-four male Wistar rats were assigned to the ND control (NDC), HFD control (HFDC), HIIT+ND, and HIIT+HFD groups. The HIIT protocol involved treadmill running at an intensity of 85% to 90% maximal speed for 5 days weekly over 12 weeks. The results showed that the post-intervention GSH levels were lower in the HIIT+ND group than in the NDC and HFDC groups, and in the HIIT+HFD group than in the NDC group. The CAT activity and TC levels were lower in the HIIT+ND and HIIT+HFD groups than in the HFDC group. The glucose and lactate levels in the HIIT+ND and HIIT+HFD groups were lower than those in the NDC group. Moreover, the testicular TES levels in the HIIT+ND and HIIT+HFD groups were higher than those in the NDC and HFDC groups. No differences were observed in other biochemical variables among groups. HIIT could serve as a therapeutic approach to counteract HFD-induced testicular damage by modulating oxidative stress balance, potentially enhancing metabolic adaptation, and increasing testicular TES levels.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to have beneficial effects. In particular, the consumption of omega-3 PUFAs has recently increased because of their effects on human health. Previous studies have investigated the activity of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; C:18 omega-3) in metabolism and inflammation models. In a murine model of colitis, treatment with ALA effectively reduced inflammation. Previously, our research group identified the protective action of docosahexaenoic acid against gastric damage caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study aimed to examine the impact of ALA in an indomethacin-induced gastric injury model and to determine its antioxidant activity in gastric tissue. Female Wistar rats were administered ALA over 10 days (20 mg/kg, orally). Two hours after the final ALA administration, the rats were given indomethacin (30 mg/kg, orally) to induce gastric injury. After 3 h, the rats were euthanized, and each stomach lesion was measured to determine the total damage. Stomach tissue samples were collected for the analysis of various antioxidant indicators. The results show ALA's gastroprotective effect following 10-day administration. ALA treatment significantly reduced gastric reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in the indomethacin-induced injury group. Moreover, ALA treatment decreased the levels of nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, leukotriene B₄, and increased glutathione following indomethacin administration. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effects of ALA are likely attributed to its role in the antioxidant pathway in indomethacin-induced gastric injury.

In this study, functional yogurt enriched with Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (CS) powder was prepared, and its fermentation characteristics, antioxidant activity, and inhibition properties against enzymes related to diabetes and obesity treatments, namely α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase, were investigated. The yogurt was prepared by adding 1%, 3%, and 5% CS powder to skim milk, followed by sterilization and fermentation with a mixed starter culture for 6 h at 39°C. After fermentation, the yogurt had viable cell counts between 8.05 and 8.21 log colony-forming units/mL and a pH reduction to 4.54－4.63. The total anthocyanin content increased with increasing concentrations of CS powder. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power values also improved, with the highest antioxidant activity observed in the yogurt prepared with 5% CS powder. With regard to enzyme activity inhibition, CS addition significantly increased the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, whereas the α-amylase inhibitory activity remained unchanged. These findings suggest that yogurt fortified with CS powder exhibits improved antioxidant activity and selective α-glucosidase inhibition, making it a promising candidate for the preparation of functional fermented beverages.

During the frozen processing of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), the average weight loss after thawing is high. Overcoming this problem will be an economic benefit and has a significant implication for its large-scale production for seafood producers and traders. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a common additive and is irreplaceable for retaining water in seafood products. Identifying optimal STPP treatment conditions for frozen M. rosenbergii to minimize weight loss is important to the seafood processing industry. In this study, we examined the effect of STPP on the weight of frozen M. rosenbergii. STPP treatment included the following factors: (1) time (min), (2) temperature (°C), and (3) concentration (%). The factors were optimized by response surface methodology using a centered second-order rotation model (central composite design) to gain the lowest weight loss rate of M. rosenbergii during frozen processing. The results indicated that with an STPP concentration of 3.56%, a temperature of 15.8°C, and a time of 54 min, the lowest weight loss of M. rosenbergii was 6.4%. The chemical composition of STPP-treated giant freshwater prawns after thawing were as follows: water content 82.3%, NH₃ content 6.3%, and total nitrogen 3.8% (the composition of the original raw materials were 77.7%, 6.7%, and 4.9%, respectively).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that requires effective dietary strategies for management. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effects of low-fat yogurt enriched with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and inulin on glycemic control, lipid profiles, anthropometric indices, and oxidative stress were investigated in patients with T2DM. Eighty participants were randomly assigned to consume either 150 g of yogurt enriched with 1.5 g of KGM and 1.5 g of inulin (n=40) or plain low-fat yogurt (n=40) daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes were fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels, insulin sensitivity indices [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)], and glycated hemoglobin. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG)], anthropometric indices (weight, body mass index, fat mass, skeletal muscle, and waist circumference), and oxidative stress markers. Compared to control group, the intervention significantly improved fasting insulin levels (-1.85 µIU/mL, P=0.042), HOMA-IR (-0.89, P=0.029), and QUICKI (0.11, P=0.032). Lipid profile analysis revealed reductions in TC (-18.51 mg/dL, P=0.049) and TG levels (-15.0 mg/dL, P=0.041). These findings suggest that daily consumption of yogurt fortified with KGM and inulin significantly enhances insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM over an 8-week period. This dietary intervention shows promise as a complementary strategy for T2DM management. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term outcomes, optimize doses, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this intervention.

This study evaluated the quality and characteristics of edible films derived from rambutan seed (Nephelium lappaceum) starch (3% and 4%) using glycerol and sorbitol as plasticizers at concentrations of 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% (w/v). The optimal formulation was produced using 4% starch combined with 1% (w/v) glycerol and 1% (w/v) sorbitol, exhibiting favorable properties, including thicknesses of 0.24 and 0.22 mm, tensile strengths of 6.90×10^-3 and 12.06×10^-3 N/mm², elongations of 38.97% and 4.44%, elasticities of 1.770×10^-3 and 6.98×10^-3 kgf/mm², and water absorption rates of 33.3% and 50.0%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the film formation involved physical blending without the formation of new functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that sorbitol provided better compatibility with rambutan seed starch than glycerol. The results of biodegradability tests demonstrated complete degradation of the edible films within seven days, underscoring their environmental sustainability. Rambutan seed starch can be a promising precursor for the development of low-cost and eco-friendly film for packaging applications.

Malnutrition remains a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. This study investigated the effect of locally formulated complementary foods on anthropometric parameters and micronutrient status in children aged 6 to 23 months. A randomized controlled trial involving 40 infants explored the effects of experimental diets, including Maize-Soybean, Maize-Soybean-Termite flour, Maize-Soybean-Fishbone powder, and Maize-Soybean-Termite-Fishbone-Pawpaw-Pumpkin (MaSoTFPP), and a control diet on children over a period of 90 days. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as well as biochemical analyses of blood samples were carried out. Dietary intake was monitored over the 90-day feeding trial period. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Product for Service Solution, version 23. Significance was set at P<0.05. The findings revealed significant improvements in the anthropometric parameters, particularly in the MaSoTFPP group, which exhibited the largest percentage increase in height and MUAC. The children fed with the experimental diets demonstrated enhanced serum hemoglobin, iron, and zinc levels, which increased most significantly in the MaSoTFPP group (by 308%, 264%, and 58%, respectively). The study underscores the potential of incorporating locally available food crops in community-based management of acute malnutrition and supports the World Health Organization's recognition of fortified staple foods in improving child growth and development.