Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651890
T. Hayashi, S. Tanaka, S. Nakajima, H. Kobayashi, Y. Yamada, M. Miyakawa
In order to clarify the control mechanism of jaw movements, the authors developed a robotized jaw simulator, JSN/1C, equipped with cable-tendon DC-servo actuators simulating masseter, lateral-pterygoid and digastric muscles. This simulator also incorporated a life-like compliance-control mechanism of the actuators, employing data of bite-force, tooth contact, cable-tension and cable-length. This updated mechanism enables the simulator to perform more natural open-close movements.
{"title":"Control mechanism of an autonomous jaw-movement simulator, JSN/1C, during open-close movement","authors":"T. Hayashi, S. Tanaka, S. Nakajima, H. Kobayashi, Y. Yamada, M. Miyakawa","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651890","url":null,"abstract":"In order to clarify the control mechanism of jaw movements, the authors developed a robotized jaw simulator, JSN/1C, equipped with cable-tendon DC-servo actuators simulating masseter, lateral-pterygoid and digastric muscles. This simulator also incorporated a life-like compliance-control mechanism of the actuators, employing data of bite-force, tooth contact, cable-tension and cable-length. This updated mechanism enables the simulator to perform more natural open-close movements.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"613-614 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72944149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.657033
L. Andreasen, W. Jensen, P. Veltink, J. Struijk
The use of natural sensory signals as feedback for FES systems within rehabilitation is still in its early stage. So far the signals have mostly been used for event detection, e.g, detection of slip. A new application of sensory feedback signals is to apply it in control of paraplegic standing, This paper describes a preliminary study to the use of natural sensory feedback in control of FES assisted standing. It was investigated whether it seems possible to extract a qualitative feature suitable for control of standing from an ENG signal recorded by a cuff electrode. The ENG from the foot sole of one normal subject, standing with voluntary sway, was modeled and used for extraction of the center of pressure (COP) within the foot support area. An artificial neural network was used for feature extraction and the extracted COP was compared with the actual COP measured by a forceplate. The result showed that the modeled ENG signal does provide information about the position of COP.
{"title":"Natural sensory feedback for control of standing","authors":"L. Andreasen, W. Jensen, P. Veltink, J. Struijk","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.657033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.657033","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural sensory signals as feedback for FES systems within rehabilitation is still in its early stage. So far the signals have mostly been used for event detection, e.g, detection of slip. A new application of sensory feedback signals is to apply it in control of paraplegic standing, This paper describes a preliminary study to the use of natural sensory feedback in control of FES assisted standing. It was investigated whether it seems possible to extract a qualitative feature suitable for control of standing from an ENG signal recorded by a cuff electrode. The ENG from the foot sole of one normal subject, standing with voluntary sway, was modeled and used for extraction of the center of pressure (COP) within the foot support area. An artificial neural network was used for feature extraction and the extracted COP was compared with the actual COP measured by a forceplate. The result showed that the modeled ENG signal does provide information about the position of COP.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"48 1","pages":"441-442 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73583622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647586
M. Gaitán-González, V. Chandrasekar
The heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to study the cardiovascular regulation. During incremental exercise, a nonstationary technique is required. We propose the use of an undecimated, 4 voices-wavelet transform. HRV and respiratory amplitude recordings of five healthy young subjects were analyzed at supine rest and during incremental exercise in a cycloergometer. For the supine rest experiments, the scalograms showed high energy levels in the high-frequency band corresponding to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Some degree of nonstationarity could be observed. For the incremental exercise, the low-band increased its energy with the load. Only in the recovery the high-frequency components were observable. The wavelet representation allowed the analysis of the variables in a constantly changing environment.
{"title":"Nonstationary analysis of heart rate variability at rest and during exercise","authors":"M. Gaitán-González, V. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647586","url":null,"abstract":"The heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to study the cardiovascular regulation. During incremental exercise, a nonstationary technique is required. We propose the use of an undecimated, 4 voices-wavelet transform. HRV and respiratory amplitude recordings of five healthy young subjects were analyzed at supine rest and during incremental exercise in a cycloergometer. For the supine rest experiments, the scalograms showed high energy levels in the high-frequency band corresponding to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Some degree of nonstationarity could be observed. For the incremental exercise, the low-band increased its energy with the load. Only in the recovery the high-frequency components were observable. The wavelet representation allowed the analysis of the variables in a constantly changing environment.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"1631-1632 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75473292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652831
H. Suga, M. Takaki, H. Matsubara, F. Araki
To maximize ventricular pumping efficiency, determinants of cardiac oxygen (or energy) consumption should be better understood. The authors have proposed a new framework to predict cardiac oxygen consumption per beat (Vo/sub 2/) from left ventricular pressure-volume (P-V) data. The essence of the method is to obtain both Emax and PVA to correlate with Vo/sub 2/, where Emax=slope of the end-systolic P-V relation or maximum elastance, as an index of contractility, PVA=systolic P-V area as a measure of total mechanical energy of contraction=external work EW+mechanical potential energy PE. The empirical equation the authors have obtained is Vo/sub 2/=aPVA+b=aPVA+cEmax+d. Pumping efficiency (EW/Vo/sub 2/) is then given by EW/(aPVA+cEmax+d). Therefore, a maximum efficiency is achieved by minimizing the denominator by decreasing a (O/sub 2/ cost of PVA) and c (O/sub 2/ cost of Emax) besides choosing an optimal combination of PVA and Emax for a required EW per min.
{"title":"Oxygen costs of cardiac mechanical energy and contractility","authors":"H. Suga, M. Takaki, H. Matsubara, F. Araki","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652831","url":null,"abstract":"To maximize ventricular pumping efficiency, determinants of cardiac oxygen (or energy) consumption should be better understood. The authors have proposed a new framework to predict cardiac oxygen consumption per beat (Vo/sub 2/) from left ventricular pressure-volume (P-V) data. The essence of the method is to obtain both Emax and PVA to correlate with Vo/sub 2/, where Emax=slope of the end-systolic P-V relation or maximum elastance, as an index of contractility, PVA=systolic P-V area as a measure of total mechanical energy of contraction=external work EW+mechanical potential energy PE. The empirical equation the authors have obtained is Vo/sub 2/=aPVA+b=aPVA+cEmax+d. Pumping efficiency (EW/Vo/sub 2/) is then given by EW/(aPVA+cEmax+d). Therefore, a maximum efficiency is achieved by minimizing the denominator by decreasing a (O/sub 2/ cost of PVA) and c (O/sub 2/ cost of Emax) besides choosing an optimal combination of PVA and Emax for a required EW per min.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"1320-1321 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75553426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647652
R. Szlavik, H. de Bruin
The authors present equivalent circuit models of skeletal muscle tissue for the directions parallel and transverse to the fiber. The parallel model is based on a distributed parameter equivalent circuit approach where the tissue between the electrodes is divided into small segments, each of which is represented by an equivalent circuit. Parameters for the equivalent circuits me calculated from the electrical characteristics of the tissue components and their physical arrangement. The authors compare the conductivity frequency response of the equivalent circuit modelling approach to other models presented in the literature. The advantage to the authors' equivalent circuit approach is that the tissue models can be readily integrated in circuit simulators such as SPICE. An equivalent circuit model of the tissue load that incorporates both spatial and frequency dependence can be simulated in combination with instrumentation circuits and can aid in the design and optimization of these systems. The possibility of using the equivalent circuit models to simulate nonlinear tissue characteristics is currently being investigated.
{"title":"SPICE compatible equivalent circuit models of skeletal muscle tissue","authors":"R. Szlavik, H. de Bruin","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647652","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present equivalent circuit models of skeletal muscle tissue for the directions parallel and transverse to the fiber. The parallel model is based on a distributed parameter equivalent circuit approach where the tissue between the electrodes is divided into small segments, each of which is represented by an equivalent circuit. Parameters for the equivalent circuits me calculated from the electrical characteristics of the tissue components and their physical arrangement. The authors compare the conductivity frequency response of the equivalent circuit modelling approach to other models presented in the literature. The advantage to the authors' equivalent circuit approach is that the tissue models can be readily integrated in circuit simulators such as SPICE. An equivalent circuit model of the tissue load that incorporates both spatial and frequency dependence can be simulated in combination with instrumentation circuits and can aid in the design and optimization of these systems. The possibility of using the equivalent circuit models to simulate nonlinear tissue characteristics is currently being investigated.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"1766-1768 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75879092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646454
O. Such
This paper presents preliminary results of near infrared CCD imaging of hemodynamics with inexpensive system components. The motivation behind this is the requirement of a low-cost and easy to use system capable of aiding the physician in daily assessment of venous disorders such as chronic vein insufficiency (CVI) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Photoplethysmographic (PPG) systems with optical sensors are in wide use for these tests today. They essentially measure the blood volume in the top skin layers. Another method that has been described for imaging of veins is near infrared photography. The presented method combines the two. A monochrome CCD camera equipped with a >700 nm filter is mounted on a tripod. A constant indirect illumination is applied, then an exercise is performed by the patient. The camera takes a sequence of pictures of the perfusion area of interest, i.e. the lower leg. Digital filtering and sequence evaluation results in image-mapped data about venous reflow time, venous pump power and other relevant parameters. From this, conclusions can be taken as to the reason and location of disorders.
{"title":"Near infrared CCD imaging of hemodynamics","authors":"O. Such","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646454","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents preliminary results of near infrared CCD imaging of hemodynamics with inexpensive system components. The motivation behind this is the requirement of a low-cost and easy to use system capable of aiding the physician in daily assessment of venous disorders such as chronic vein insufficiency (CVI) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Photoplethysmographic (PPG) systems with optical sensors are in wide use for these tests today. They essentially measure the blood volume in the top skin layers. Another method that has been described for imaging of veins is near infrared photography. The presented method combines the two. A monochrome CCD camera equipped with a >700 nm filter is mounted on a tripod. A constant indirect illumination is applied, then an exercise is performed by the patient. The camera takes a sequence of pictures of the perfusion area of interest, i.e. the lower leg. Digital filtering and sequence evaluation results in image-mapped data about venous reflow time, venous pump power and other relevant parameters. From this, conclusions can be taken as to the reason and location of disorders.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"212 1","pages":"2105-2106 vol.5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652023
S.H. Gibson, H. Villanueva, J. Falconer
An algorithm has been developed for automatically detecting the chamber and internal walls of the fetal heart from ultrasound images. This algorithm was a hybrid in that it had elements of both computational and knowledge-based image understanding. A combination of multiresolution edge-detection, active contours, pixel labelling and belief networks was employed. Use of these techniques greatly improved boundary detection over an exclusively contour based method without increasing computation time markedly. Following the use of these techniques the results of the boundary detection were much improved. It was found that measurements of heart-rate could be derived from the detected boundaries.
{"title":"Detecting the wall-motion of the fetal heart within ultrasound images","authors":"S.H. Gibson, H. Villanueva, J. Falconer","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652023","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm has been developed for automatically detecting the chamber and internal walls of the fetal heart from ultrasound images. This algorithm was a hybrid in that it had elements of both computational and knowledge-based image understanding. A combination of multiresolution edge-detection, active contours, pixel labelling and belief networks was employed. Use of these techniques greatly improved boundary detection over an exclusively contour based method without increasing computation time markedly. Following the use of these techniques the results of the boundary detection were much improved. It was found that measurements of heart-rate could be derived from the detected boundaries.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"883-884 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646430
M. Mie, H. Ohgushi, T. Haruyama, E. Kobatake, M. Aizawa
Bone marrow stromal stem cells were cultured on the potential-controlled electrode surface. Dexamethasone-induced osteogenic differentiation was profoundly enhanced by a constant potential of electrical stimulation at +0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
在电位控制电极表面培养骨髓基质干细胞。在+0.3 V /Ag /AgCl恒定电位的电刺激下，地塞米松诱导的成骨分化显著增强。
{"title":"Electrically enhanced differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells","authors":"M. Mie, H. Ohgushi, T. Haruyama, E. Kobatake, M. Aizawa","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646430","url":null,"abstract":"Bone marrow stromal stem cells were cultured on the potential-controlled electrode surface. Dexamethasone-induced osteogenic differentiation was profoundly enhanced by a constant potential of electrical stimulation at +0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"22 1","pages":"2057-2058 vol.5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72718520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651865
L.A. Fiebig Mathine, J. Sweeney, K. Gustafson, T. Brandon
In this paper we present the results of a study on optimal variable frequency 'N-let' stimulation of unconditioned goat latissimus dorsi muscle. The latissimus dorsi is the muscle of choice for both dynamic cardiomyoplasty and skeletal muscle ventricles. Optimized 2-pulse (doublet), 3-pulse (triplet), and 4-pulse (quadlet) bursts were found to provide significantly greater isometric force-time integrals than comparable fixed frequency bursts.
{"title":"Optimization of latissimus dorsi isometric force production by N-let electrical stimulation","authors":"L.A. Fiebig Mathine, J. Sweeney, K. Gustafson, T. Brandon","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651865","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the results of a study on optimal variable frequency 'N-let' stimulation of unconditioned goat latissimus dorsi muscle. The latissimus dorsi is the muscle of choice for both dynamic cardiomyoplasty and skeletal muscle ventricles. Optimized 2-pulse (doublet), 3-pulse (triplet), and 4-pulse (quadlet) bursts were found to provide significantly greater isometric force-time integrals than comparable fixed frequency bursts.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"563-564 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72721304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-31DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.657032
B.S. Hamid Reza Rategh, H. Chizeck
The torque production of electrically stimulated short-head biceps and quadriceps muscles in complete paraplegic subjects is investigated. During isometric costimulation of this agonist-antagonist pair, the resultant torque is not the simple sum of the torque of the muscles if they were stimulated separately. This has important implications for the use of costimulated muscle in FES neuroprosthetic devices.
{"title":"Interactions of costimulated muscle in paraplegics","authors":"B.S. Hamid Reza Rategh, H. Chizeck","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.657032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.657032","url":null,"abstract":"The torque production of electrically stimulated short-head biceps and quadriceps muscles in complete paraplegic subjects is investigated. During isometric costimulation of this agonist-antagonist pair, the resultant torque is not the simple sum of the torque of the muscles if they were stimulated separately. This has important implications for the use of costimulated muscle in FES neuroprosthetic devices.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"439-440 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74552757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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