Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652772
Hui-Hua Wen, Wei-Chung Lin, Chin-Tu Chen
Describes a new framework for surface-based medical image registration. By implementing a fuzzy logic system, this method allows the incorporation of human expert knowledge to evaluate the confidence level of two matching points using their multiple local image properties such as gradient direction and curvature. The proposed technique can be applied to both intra- and inter-subject medical image registration. It can also relax the performance requirement on the contour extraction process.
{"title":"Knowledge-based medical image registration","authors":"Hui-Hua Wen, Wei-Chung Lin, Chin-Tu Chen","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652772","url":null,"abstract":"Describes a new framework for surface-based medical image registration. By implementing a fuzzy logic system, this method allows the incorporation of human expert knowledge to evaluate the confidence level of two matching points using their multiple local image properties such as gradient direction and curvature. The proposed technique can be applied to both intra- and inter-subject medical image registration. It can also relax the performance requirement on the contour extraction process.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"1200-1201 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73190377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646482
J. Greenleaf, V. Dutt, R. Muthupillai, A. Manduca, R. Ehman
The wavelength of a propagating pulse of shear wave within tissue is related to the local shear modulus and density through the speed of propagation. If the pulse does not produce standing waves, then the wavelength is a function of the tissue properties and not boundary conditions. Methods for imaging such waves using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have recently been developed. The MRI method, termed Magnetic Resonance Elastography, can measure displacements in all three dimensions and is sensitive to motion of the order of 100 nanometers. The ultrasound method can measure in one plane very quickly and is sensitive to displacements of fractions of micrometers. Local wavelength of the propagating shear waves can be measured using specially modified filters. Shear modulus can then be estimated if density is known or assumed. Applications of this method reminiscent of palpation but in three dimensions and at any depth in the tissue are possibilities.
{"title":"Measurement of shear waves in tissue","authors":"J. Greenleaf, V. Dutt, R. Muthupillai, A. Manduca, R. Ehman","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646482","url":null,"abstract":"The wavelength of a propagating pulse of shear wave within tissue is related to the local shear modulus and density through the speed of propagation. If the pulse does not produce standing waves, then the wavelength is a function of the tissue properties and not boundary conditions. Methods for imaging such waves using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have recently been developed. The MRI method, termed Magnetic Resonance Elastography, can measure displacements in all three dimensions and is sensitive to motion of the order of 100 nanometers. The ultrasound method can measure in one plane very quickly and is sensitive to displacements of fractions of micrometers. Local wavelength of the propagating shear waves can be measured using specially modified filters. Shear modulus can then be estimated if density is known or assumed. Applications of this method reminiscent of palpation but in three dimensions and at any depth in the tissue are possibilities.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"48 1","pages":"2172-2173 vol.5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75310469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647506
A. Asres, H. Dou, Zhaoying Zhou, Yuli Zhang, Sencun Zhu
The EMG data acquired during voluntary movement of the active muscles of the disabled may provide useful control commands and information in functional electrical stimulation or in artificial prosthesis provided that the raw EMG data are property processed and identified. This technique may be used by the patients to transfer commands to their paralyzed extremities or artificial limbs. Combination of autoregressive and neural network technique to identify various functional hand movements is proposed. Functional hand movements such as palmar flexion and dorsiflexion, wrist pronation and supination, wrist flexion and extension, are identified. A fourth order parametric model is employed to evaluate the set of coefficients. The coefficients are then used as input for the neural network to identify the functional movement. Experiment was done on three healthy individuals and the rate of identification is shown to be adequate to be used in the development of either neural prostheses or artificial limbs.
{"title":"A combination of AR and neural network technique for EMG pattern identification","authors":"A. Asres, H. Dou, Zhaoying Zhou, Yuli Zhang, Sencun Zhu","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.647506","url":null,"abstract":"The EMG data acquired during voluntary movement of the active muscles of the disabled may provide useful control commands and information in functional electrical stimulation or in artificial prosthesis provided that the raw EMG data are property processed and identified. This technique may be used by the patients to transfer commands to their paralyzed extremities or artificial limbs. Combination of autoregressive and neural network technique to identify various functional hand movements is proposed. Functional hand movements such as palmar flexion and dorsiflexion, wrist pronation and supination, wrist flexion and extension, are identified. A fourth order parametric model is employed to evaluate the set of coefficients. The coefficients are then used as input for the neural network to identify the functional movement. Experiment was done on three healthy individuals and the rate of identification is shown to be adequate to be used in the development of either neural prostheses or artificial limbs.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1464-1465 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82779951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651951
M. Yanase, M. Hasegawa, T. Ikeguchi, T. Matozaki
It is desirable to process the brain images by computers in order to extract brain region from MRI. When these method are applied to MRI, it has been necessary to experimentally decide parameters in order to get best performances. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for the automatic extraction of brain tissues from MRI. This algorithm is called the non-parametric region growing (NPRG) method which does not need the parameter. By NPRG, we can get the same extracted brain regions as the conventional method that has to experimentally decide the parameters.
{"title":"Extraction of brain tissues by non-parametric region growing method","authors":"M. Yanase, M. Hasegawa, T. Ikeguchi, T. Matozaki","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651951","url":null,"abstract":"It is desirable to process the brain images by computers in order to extract brain region from MRI. When these method are applied to MRI, it has been necessary to experimentally decide parameters in order to get best performances. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for the automatic extraction of brain tissues from MRI. This algorithm is called the non-parametric region growing (NPRG) method which does not need the parameter. By NPRG, we can get the same extracted brain regions as the conventional method that has to experimentally decide the parameters.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"134 8 1","pages":"734-735 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79627679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656960
M. Ohyama, Y. Tomita, S. Honda, H. Uchida, N. Matsuo
An active electrode with a built-in transmitter (named wireless electrode) is presented, which derives surface EMG without any skin preparation and conductive paste due to impedance transforming. Subjects are less restricted with the present wireless electrode than with the conventional telemetry system because of no connecting wires between the electrode and the transmitter. Moreover, it is not affected by noise caused by the movement of wires.
{"title":"Active wireless electrodes for surface electromyography","authors":"M. Ohyama, Y. Tomita, S. Honda, H. Uchida, N. Matsuo","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656960","url":null,"abstract":"An active electrode with a built-in transmitter (named wireless electrode) is presented, which derives surface EMG without any skin preparation and conductive paste due to impedance transforming. Subjects are less restricted with the present wireless electrode than with the conventional telemetry system because of no connecting wires between the electrode and the transmitter. Moreover, it is not affected by noise caused by the movement of wires.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"5 1","pages":"295-296 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78391159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656841
Chih-lung Lin, Tz-Yi Liu, Han-Chang Wu, S. Young, Maw-huei Lee, T. Kuo
A new portable fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC) monitor has been developed. The system is portable, light weight, small size, battery powered. It provides a predetermined "long-term" monitoring, and stores abnormal data. Only one 9 V commercial battery is used for the whole system, so it could be used safely by the high risk pregnant woman to monitor the abnormal FHR and UT activities, when she is not in the hospital. When the microprocessor-based system detects a predetermined "long-term" abnormal activity, it can activate the appropriate alarm to advise the pregnant woman to go to hospital as soon as possible. The abnormal data from the monitor are not transmitted to the hospital's personal computer till the pregnant woman receives medical treatment. A PC-based software to display the long-term abnormal FHR and UT data from the portable monitor by using window figures or graphs has also been provided, and these figures could help clinical doctors make diagnoses.
{"title":"The design of a portable fetal heart rate and uterine contraction monitor","authors":"Chih-lung Lin, Tz-Yi Liu, Han-Chang Wu, S. Young, Maw-huei Lee, T. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656841","url":null,"abstract":"A new portable fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC) monitor has been developed. The system is portable, light weight, small size, battery powered. It provides a predetermined \"long-term\" monitoring, and stores abnormal data. Only one 9 V commercial battery is used for the whole system, so it could be used safely by the high risk pregnant woman to monitor the abnormal FHR and UT activities, when she is not in the hospital. When the microprocessor-based system detects a predetermined \"long-term\" abnormal activity, it can activate the appropriate alarm to advise the pregnant woman to go to hospital as soon as possible. The abnormal data from the monitor are not transmitted to the hospital's personal computer till the pregnant woman receives medical treatment. A PC-based software to display the long-term abnormal FHR and UT data from the portable monitor by using window figures or graphs has also been provided, and these figures could help clinical doctors make diagnoses.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"51-52 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78159348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652672
J. Muthuswamy, D. Sherman, N. Thakor
The aim of this study was to study phase coupling among different frequency components in EEC burst patterns observed in piglets during recovery from asphyxia and to compare them with those of the awake baseline EEG data. Phase coupling was quantitated by determining the average bicoherence index within the delta band along the main diagonal in the bifrequency plane. Multiple instances of burst patterns from each experiment were analyzed for phase coupling and compared with the corresponding baseline EEG data. The baseline EEG data did not show any significant phase coupling within the delta band of frequencies in any of the experiments. The raw averaged bicoherence indices within the delta band of bursts was higher than that of corresponding baseline in almost all instances. The authors, therefore, conclude that the delta frequency components of the EEG tend to become more phase coupled during the initial phase of recovery of the brain from an asphyxic injury.
{"title":"Bispectral analysis of EEG burst patterns from piglets during recovery from asphyxia","authors":"J. Muthuswamy, D. Sherman, N. Thakor","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652672","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to study phase coupling among different frequency components in EEC burst patterns observed in piglets during recovery from asphyxia and to compare them with those of the awake baseline EEG data. Phase coupling was quantitated by determining the average bicoherence index within the delta band along the main diagonal in the bifrequency plane. Multiple instances of burst patterns from each experiment were analyzed for phase coupling and compared with the corresponding baseline EEG data. The baseline EEG data did not show any significant phase coupling within the delta band of frequencies in any of the experiments. The raw averaged bicoherence indices within the delta band of bursts was higher than that of corresponding baseline in almost all instances. The authors, therefore, conclude that the delta frequency components of the EEG tend to become more phase coupled during the initial phase of recovery of the brain from an asphyxic injury.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"60 1","pages":"984-985 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82697806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651969
A. Janse, A. Vonk Noordegraaf, J. T. Marcus, R. Heethaar, P. Postmus, T. Faes, P. de Vries
ECG-gated electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been developed to monitor blood volume changes. The aim of this study was to compare stroke volume measurements by EIT with established methods of thermodilution and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After right cardiac catheterization, EIT measurements were performed in 26 patients. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relation between the EIT results and stroke volume. From the regression line an equation was derived to estimate stroke volume (in ml) by EIT. In a group of eleven healthy subjects this equation was validated to MRI. A strong correlation was found between EIT and stroke volume measured by the thermodilution method (r=0.86). The reproducibility coefficient for EIT measurements was 0.98. The average standard deviation between stroke volume measured by EIT and MRI is 5.4 ml, the mean difference between both methods is 0.7 ml and the coefficient of variation is 8.4%. We conclude that EIT is a valid and reproducible method for the assessment of stroke volume in healthy controls and cardiological patients.
{"title":"A validation study of stroke volume measurement by means of electrical impedance tomography","authors":"A. Janse, A. Vonk Noordegraaf, J. T. Marcus, R. Heethaar, P. Postmus, T. Faes, P. de Vries","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651969","url":null,"abstract":"ECG-gated electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been developed to monitor blood volume changes. The aim of this study was to compare stroke volume measurements by EIT with established methods of thermodilution and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After right cardiac catheterization, EIT measurements were performed in 26 patients. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relation between the EIT results and stroke volume. From the regression line an equation was derived to estimate stroke volume (in ml) by EIT. In a group of eleven healthy subjects this equation was validated to MRI. A strong correlation was found between EIT and stroke volume measured by the thermodilution method (r=0.86). The reproducibility coefficient for EIT measurements was 0.98. The average standard deviation between stroke volume measured by EIT and MRI is 5.4 ml, the mean difference between both methods is 0.7 ml and the coefficient of variation is 8.4%. We conclude that EIT is a valid and reproducible method for the assessment of stroke volume in healthy controls and cardiological patients.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"772-773 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84482876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646252
Y. Tomita, Y. Igarashi, S. Honda, N. Matsuo
Severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients cannot move their muscles, and sometimes even respiratory muscles are affected so that they are obliged to mount artificial respiratory devices. Of course, patients of this severity stage cannot speak. These patients' remaining motor function consists of eye movement. Thus, the communication means for these patients is via their eye movement. Patients have previously used a transparent alphabetic table. But this is cumbersome for both the patients and the help givers, and it is also time consuming. A computer mouse whose cursor can be controlled by eye movement has been developed. The eye movement is detected by electro-oculography, and its click is realized by a voluntary blinking. By pointing a cursor to a specified letter on an alphabetic table on a monitor screen, a patient can describe his/her intention. This method has been found to be useful for severe ALS patients.
{"title":"Electro-oculography mouse for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","authors":"Y. Tomita, Y. Igarashi, S. Honda, N. Matsuo","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646252","url":null,"abstract":"Severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients cannot move their muscles, and sometimes even respiratory muscles are affected so that they are obliged to mount artificial respiratory devices. Of course, patients of this severity stage cannot speak. These patients' remaining motor function consists of eye movement. Thus, the communication means for these patients is via their eye movement. Patients have previously used a transparent alphabetic table. But this is cumbersome for both the patients and the help givers, and it is also time consuming. A computer mouse whose cursor can be controlled by eye movement has been developed. The eye movement is detected by electro-oculography, and its click is realized by a voluntary blinking. By pointing a cursor to a specified letter on an alphabetic table on a monitor screen, a patient can describe his/her intention. This method has been found to be useful for severe ALS patients.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"74 1","pages":"1780-1781 vol.5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90810701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652677
Zhiyue Lin, J. Chen, R. Mccallum
To evaluate the effects of gastric pacing, several electrodes are usually placed on the serosal surface of the stomach along the greater curvature so that one can be used for delivering electrical currents and others for recording gastric myoelectrical activity. One of problems with these recordings is the pacing stimulus artifact superimposed on the natural gastric myoelectrical signals which make it difficult to analyze accurately. This paper presents an effective transform-domain adaptive filtering method for the cancellation of the pacing stimulus artifact in the gastric myoelectrical signals obtained through serosal electrodes during gastric pacing. Results from both simulations and real signals demonstrated that the pacing stimulus artifact could be effectively canceled while the natural gastric myoelectrical signal was not affected by adaptive filtering.
{"title":"Adaptive cancellation of the pacing stimulus artifact in the gastric myoelectrical recordings","authors":"Zhiyue Lin, J. Chen, R. Mccallum","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652677","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effects of gastric pacing, several electrodes are usually placed on the serosal surface of the stomach along the greater curvature so that one can be used for delivering electrical currents and others for recording gastric myoelectrical activity. One of problems with these recordings is the pacing stimulus artifact superimposed on the natural gastric myoelectrical signals which make it difficult to analyze accurately. This paper presents an effective transform-domain adaptive filtering method for the cancellation of the pacing stimulus artifact in the gastric myoelectrical signals obtained through serosal electrodes during gastric pacing. Results from both simulations and real signals demonstrated that the pacing stimulus artifact could be effectively canceled while the natural gastric myoelectrical signal was not affected by adaptive filtering.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"995-996 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89565326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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