Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii最新文献

Objective: to assess the state of information needs of the population and its provision by local governments on the safety of nuclear energy facilities and community preparedness for emergencies at nuclear power plants (NNP).

Materials and methods: To determine the information needs of the population, a survey of the working population of the surveillance zone (SZ) of the NPP was conducted using unique probability sampling, where the sample was 322 people and the sampling error was 5.4 % with a confidence interval of 95.0 %. The issues of population behavior in case of emergencies at NPPs were studied. The assessment of the quality of the information content of the official websites of the executive authorities and local governments of various levels on radiation safety issues was carried out.

Results: The population of the SZ NPP considers the most effective information at the place of work, through neighbors, friends, from State Emergency Service specialists. Among information channels, the first place in terms of efficiency is occupied by Internet resources and social networks; the press and television occupy the second position, but remain convenient for the majority of the population. The most popular information related to NPP activities are: radiation status, environmental impact, benefits and subventions, such as compensation for the risk of living near NPPs, conditions of storage and disposal of radioactive waste. The preparedness of communities and the behavior of the population, in case of an emergency at the nuclear power plant, has been practiced in the satellite city and partially in the cities, but the rural population understands the sequence of actions much worse.

Conclusion: Information support in NPP satellite cities is significantly better compared to rural areas of SZ. Bodies of executive power and local selfgovernment of the NPP SZ do not perform their function of informing the population on radiation safety and community readiness for emergencies through their official websites. The problem of information support of territorial communities is one of the most important to prevent the consequences of emergencies.

Objective: identification of the relevant biochemical indices of blood radiosensitivity in endometrial cancerpatients under the test irradiation in a wide range of doses.

Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples were drawn for assay in the newly diagnosed endometrial cancer patients (study group, n = 42) and healthy donors (control group, n = 27). A set of biochemical values was reviewed to identify and justify the prognostic markers of cell radiosensitivity in the tumor environment featuring gradual development of oxidative stress, namely the intensity of superoxide anionradical (О2) generation, pro/antioxidant ratio (PAR), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Predictive values were selected through the construction and analysis of «doseresponse» dependencies of the studied parameters during Xray test exposure in a dose range of 0.5-3.0 Gy. Nature of the dose curves was determined using linear and linearquadratic regression models.

Results: The 3.2 times higher MDA content was found in blood plasma of endometrial cancer patients compared to the control group, namely (60.87 ± 4.93) μM/g of protein versus (18.93 ± 2.05) μM/g of protein (р ≤ 0.05). The raise in MDA content along with increase in the test radiation dose (in a range of 0.5-3.0 Gy) was approximated by the linear regression model Y = 67.44 + 12.52D, R2 = 0.85. A 1.29-1.74fold increase in the mean group value depending on the radiation dose was recorded (р ≤ 0.05). Effects of lowdose irradiation (0.5 Gy) were differentiated as (85.03 ± 8.9) against the initial MDA level of (60.87 ± 4.93) μM/g of protein. There was an increase in the intensity of О2 generation in blood lymphocytes and elevated PAR value in hemolysate from endometrial cancer patients compared to healthy donors by 1.34 and 1.30 times (р ≤ 0.05) respectively, which indicated the intensification of prooxidant processes in patients. The interindividual peculiarities of the blood reactionresponse to radiation were revealed according to parameters depending on the initial values, which characterize them only as additional prognostic biomarkers in radiation treatment planning for gynecological cancer patients.

Conclusions: It has been proven that the linear nature of dose dependence of MDA content in blood plasma of endometrial cancer patients and response to lowdose irradiation of are the basic criteria for recognizing MDA as a relevant prognostic biochemical indicator of radiosensitivity of healthy cells from the tumor environment. The content of MDA in blood plasma of gynecological cancer patients should be taken into account in order to identify the subjects with a high risk of radiation complications.

Research activities and scientific advance achieved in 2021 at the State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) concerning medical problems of the Chornobyl disaster, radiation medicine, radiobiology, radiation hygiene and epidemiology in collaboration with the WHO network of medical preparedness and assistance in radiation accidents are outlined in the annual report. The report presents the results of fundamental and applied research works of the study of radiation effectsand health effects of the Chornobyl accident.The report also shows the results of scientific-organizational and health care work, staff training. The Scientific Council meeting of NAMS approved the NRCRM Annual Report.

Objective: to determine the current radiationecological and medicaldemographic parameters of the territories of Chernihivska oblast of Ukraine, which were recognized as radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, and to assess their changes in the postaccident period.

Objects and methods: The parameters of contamination of natural environments (soil, food products), both with number, structure, natural and migratory movement of population of radioactively contaminated territories of Chernihivska oblast of Ukraine (Kozeletskyi, Koriukivskyi, NovhorodSiverskyi, Ripkynskyi, Semenivskyi, Sosnytskyi, and Chernihivskyi districts) were the study objects.

Materials and methods: Data from the Chernihiv Regional Office of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine,Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Chernihiv Regional State Administration, and CentralEnvironmental Dosimetry Register of the State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» were used. General scientific, mathematicalstatistical, graphic, cartographic, and softwaretechnological research methods are applied.

Results and conclusions: After the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant the largescale radioecological monitoring was conducted on the territory of Chernihivska oblast, where a significant improvement in the state of radioactively contaminated areas had been observed. The number of settlements where the soil contamination density with cesium isotopes exceeded the lower limit for the zone of guaranteed voluntary resettlement (185 kBq*m2) has decreased from 8 to 1. The average regional concentration of 137Cs in milk mostly did not exceed 50 Bq*l1. The average concentration of 137Cs in potatoes from private households over the entire observation period was 5-10 times lower than in milk. Analysis of medical and demographic data allowed concluding that the districts of Chernihivska oblast, which were most intensively contaminated after the Chornobyl accident, feature now some regional problems. There are trends towards population decline and birth rate decrease along with increase in mortality. The most intensive changes had occurred in Kozeletskyi and Ripkynskyi districts, where destructive processes in the age structure of population and a stable trend of increase of mortality rates were revealed. Research should be continued.

Objective: to investigate the morphological and immunohistochemical features of placental damage due to theincorporation of 137Cs depending on the scenario of pregnancy completion.

Materials and methods: The study material consisted of placentas from 60 women with reproductive losses inanamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy (first group) and placental samples from 30 women with an uncomplicated gestation and an unencumbered anamnesis (control group). The detailed study required the distribution of placental samples from the first group into subgroups. Subgroup 1a included 38 placentas from women who gave birth at 37-40 weeks, despite signs of termination of the current pregnancy. Subgroup 1b - placentas of 13 women who gave birth at a gestation period of 28-36 weeks + 6 days. Subgroup 1c - 9 placental samples from women who gave birth at a gestation period of 22-27 weeks + 6 days. The volumetric activity of the 137Cs in the placentas was measured using β-spectrometer. The histology of the placenta was studied using a standard technique. The following expressions were studied in placenta: CD31 / PECAM-1, CD45 / T200 / LCA, CD56 / NCAM-1, CEA / CD66e Ab-2, Vimentin, using indirect streptavidin peroxidase detection method.

Results: Placentas accumulate 137Cs. The different volumetric activity of the isotope correlates with scenarios of pregnancy. Due to the action of incorporated 137Cs with a specific mass of more than 1.1 Bq/kg, placental dysfunction develops. The consequences of placental dysfunction depend on the volumetric activity of the 137Cs and the preservation of adaptive and compensatory reactions in the placenta. Morphological and immunohistochemical features of placental damage to incorporated 137Cs were established, depending on the scenario of completion of pregnancy. A marker of unfavorable completion of pregnancy is the expression of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the placenta.

Conclusions: Premature termination of pregnancy (PTP) is a multifactorial pathology associated with pathological changes in immune and neuroendocrine regulation and hereditary, infectious, and environmental factors that disrupt the adaptation mechanisms in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Intraplacental irradiation of 137Cs is one of the factors in the multifactorial nature of reproductive losses. As a result of intraplacental irradiation of 137Cs, the architecture of the placenta is disturbed, the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines CD45 and CD56 increases, and the coagulation cascade is activated. Extreme effects depend on the volumetric activity of the isotope incorporated in the placenta and the organ's compensatory capacity. Accumulation of up to 1.0 Bq/kg 137Cs does not affect the course of gestation. Internal irradiation with an activity of 4.5-10.4 Bq/kg 137Cs triggers late preterm labor. The nature of the damages corresponds to the ca

Objective: to investigate the structural and morphofunctional changes in test systems of malignant (cell lineA549) and normal (stem fibroblasts) human cells exposed to X-rays in the presence of gadoliniumcontaining photon capture agent «Dotavist» and optical light (red spectrum) in combination with «Fotolon» photosensitizer.

Methods: The continuous cell culture of normal human fibroblasts and malignant human cells technology, X-ray and red light exposure, cytological and statistical methods.

Results: Effects of the two binary radiation technologies, namely the photon capture impact on malignant cells(human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells i.e. line A-549) and normal cells (human stem fibroblasts) when incubated with gadoliniumcontaining photon capture agent «Dotavist» and photodynamic effect in the presence of «Fotolon» photosensitizer applied separately and in combination were studied in a comparative mode. Proceeding from morphofunctional characteristics (growth kinetics, proliferative and mitotic activity) of the abovementioned test systems, peculiarities of the effect on malignant and normal cells were established. Irradiation with X-rays to the 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 Gy doses resulted in inactivation of respectively 10 %, 46 %, and 80% of the A-549 line malignant cells.Cellular irradiation to a 1.0 Gy dose in the presence of the photon capture agent «Dotavist» (10 μl/ml concentration) inhibited cell proliferation by 50 %, suppressing their mitotic activity. At a dose of 10.0 Gy in the presence of «Dotavist» the inhibition by 93 % of the growth and division of malignant cells occurred, indicating the high efficiency of binary radiation technology. The effect of two binary radiation technologies on malignant human cells (A-549 line), namely the combination of red light with «Fotolon» (0.05 mg/ml concentration) and X-ray exposure in the above doses with «Dotavist» (10 μl/ ml concentration) resulted in the death of respectively 64 %, 86 %, and 99% malignant cells. The culture of normal fibroblasts was found being more sensitive to the influence of a complex of binary radiation impact, as exposure to a dose of 10.0 Gy in the presence of «Dotavist» and «Fotolon» inactivated 100 % of cells.

Conclusion: The obtained results provide basis of preclinical evaluation of effectiveness of the combined impact of two binary technologies and drugs used in the photon capture technology and photodynamic therapy i.e. the photon capture agent «Dotavist» and «Fotolon» photosensitizer respectively.

Objective: to determine which changes of cardiovascular system clinical, and structural, and functional state in emergency workers (EW) of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (CNNP) can be associated with COVID-19 they suffered from and not with the natural progression of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Materials and methods: The study included 16 male EW who fell ill with mild and medium-severe COVID-19 (EWC group) in 2020-2021, which was confirmed by a PCR test (polymerase chain reaction). All these patients were observed in the NRCRM cardiology department before infection with the coronavirus. The comparison group consisted of 32 EW who did not suffer from COVID-19 and their age and examination dates corresponded to EWC. General clinical, laboratory, statistical methods and Doppler echocardiography were used for patients examination.

Results: In the post-covid period, EW-C observed a worsening of CHD clinical course, which consisted in an increase in the number of patients with severe functional class angina pectoris, with ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles, as well as with more severe heart failure (HF). Since similar changes in the state of the cardiovascular system were found among EW who did not suffer from COVID-19, they can be attributed to the natural progression of CHD. In the EW-C group, there was an increase in the number of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by 4 times (up 37.5 %), while in the comparison group EW only by 1.1 times (up 3.1 %). The progression of CHD and HF in the examined patients was accompanied by an increase in the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes of the left ventricle and the mass of the myocardium, the severity of which was not significantly different in patients with and without COVID-19. The number of post-covid patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) during examination after COVID-19 increased by 31.3 %, and in the group of EW, which were examined at the same time, by 6.32 %.

Conclusions: A significant increase in the number of patients with AF and a reduced EF in the EW-C compared with the EW can be attributed to the results of the SARS-CoV-2 virus influence on cardiovascular system.

Radiation therapy (RT) is the main type of antitumor treatment in inoperable patients. Low awareness and fear of the development of radiation reactions contributes to the destabilization of psycho-emotional state of patients, which can result in withdrawal from treatment and deterioration of their quality of life (QOL). Despite a steady increase in cancer rates in Ukraine, there are currently no studies to develop measures to improve psychological condition of patients undergoing treatment in radiation therapy departments.

Objective: to assess the dynamics of psycho-emotional status and QOL of cancer patients at the stage of radiation therapy.

Materials and methods: The study involved psychodiagnostic examination of 66 cancer patients who underwent radiation treatment in the clinic of the State Organization «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of the NAMS of Ukraine», of whom Group 1 included 44 patients with head and neck cancer, Group 2 comprised 22 patients with colorectal cancer. Comparison group comprised 30 conditionally «healthy» respondents without cancer. All patients had stage III-IV cancer. The study implied the employment of «Distress Thermometer», Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the SF-36 Questionnaire (Short Form). The examination was performed before and following the course of radiation therapy. Group 1 patients underwent only psychodiagnostic examination, Group 2 patients apart from psychodiagnostic were accompanied by a psychologist before undergoing radiation procedures. In the comparison group, the survey was conducted once.

Results and discussion: Assessment of the data showed that before the start of RT most subjects (72.73 % in Group 1 and 77.3 % in Group 2) had a high level of distress, they were worried and nervous before the first radiation procedure, had fears about the consequences and side effects. The level of anxiety in Group 1 at the pathological and subclinical level was recorded in 54.55 % of patients, the rate of depression at the subclinical level was diagnosed in 18.20 %, and in 9.10 % of patients at the clinical one. In Group 2, the level of anxiety that exceeded the norm was recorded significantly less often (27.25 % vs. 54.55 %, pt < 0.05), and the rate of depression at the subclinical level was diagnosed significantly more often than in Group 1 (54.50 % vs. 18.20 %, pt < 0.05), and in 18.2 % of patients at the clinical level. After radiation, 81.81 % of Group 1 patients showed an increase in distress and anxiety, and depressive symptoms tended to worsen. The level of distress in Group 2 after consulting a psychologist in preparation for RT and undergoing radiation procedures decreased almost twice, the level of anxiety decreased to normal, the indicators of depressive symptoms remained unchanged. According to QOL assessments on the scales of physical and role functioning (PF and RP), general heal

Aggressive disorders have moderate heritability; therefore, identification of genetic influences is important. TheX-linked MAOA gene encoding the MAOA enzyme has a functional polymorphism of 30 bp repeats. in the promoter region (MAOA-uVNTR), which affects aggression. Stressful life events and family misfortune are also known correlates of behavior disorder in children.

Objective: to investigate the interactive effect of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter polymorphism (MAOA-uVNTR) and environmental factors on the development of aggressive behavior.

Materials and methods: Genotyping of the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism was performed in 144 boys and girls aged from 10 to 16 years, genotypes were grouped by a high and low transcriptional activity. For the general assessment of the psycho-emotional sphere of children, the projective method «non-existent animal» was used, the indicators and forms of aggression were determined according to the method of A. Bass and A. Darky.

Results and discussion: It was found the predominant allelic variants of the MAOA gene with 3 (S) and 4 (L) tandem repeats. The presence of close relationships between the dependent variable «aggressive behavior» and the predictor variables: «family disadvantage index» and «MAOA-uVNTR genotype» was established. It has been proven that the presence of the highly active allele (L) in the genotype reduces the chances of developing general aggression, delinquent behavior, physical aggression, open aggression, negativism, and externalization.

Conclusions: The MAOA genotype of the high-activity allele (L) moderated the impact of stressful life events, and the low-activity allele S was associated with increased aggression in girls and boys who experienced severe stress.