Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii最新文献

Objective: to evaluate the subpopulation structure of peripheral blood leukocytes as a component of inflammaging in the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and clean-up workers of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant.

Materials and methods: Three hundred ninety-seven males aged 30-82 (54.99 ± 8.85) years examined. Among them: clean-up workers of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, aged 54-64 (59.95 ± 1.88) years, who were examined before the beginning and during the Russian military invasion of Ukraine; 24 civilians of the control group, aged 50-77 (58.87 ± 7.18) years and 15 persons of the age control group, aged 42-49 (46.00 ± 2.26) years, who examined before the war has started; the comparison group-W - 27 civilians (age: 51-82 (65.44 ± 9.13)) and the age control group-W - 14 civilians (age: 31-49 (40.64 ± 5.59)) who examined after the war has started; 73 servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine aged 30-49 (42.20 ± 5.35) years and 54 servicemen aged 50-59 (54.07 ± 2.86) years. The subpopulation distribution of peripheral blood leukocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results: A decrease in the relative number of CD45+ 14- granulocytes, CD3+ HLA-DR+ T-lymphocytes, and CD3-57+ NK against the background of an increase in the number of CD45+ 14+ monocytes, CD3-HLA-DR+ B-lymphocytes found in the majority of people in the examination groups, the study of which conducted after the beginning of the war, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD3+ 57+ NKT. The relative number of CD45+ 14- granulocytes increased against the background of a decrease in CD45+ 14- lymphocytes was noted in clean-up workers who were examined before the war started.About 30% of civilians over 50 years of age who were examined before the war started had a decrease in CD19+ B- lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD3-57+ NK, CD3+ 57+ NKT, and the CD4+ / CD8+ ratio. Conducted correlation analysis revealed a weak to moderate inverse correlation between the relative number of CD19+ B-lymphocytes and age in civilians, regardless of when they were examined, and the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.Inverse correlations of HLA-DR+ B-lymphocytes, CD45+ 14+ monocytes, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD4+ / CD8+ ratio, and CD3-57+ NK and CD3+ 57+ NKT with age were noted in civilians who were examined after the war has started. A direct correlation between CD3+ 57+ NKT and age was found in the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Conclusions: The immunological profile of both clean-up workers in the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine or civilians was similar compared to the group with reference indicators. Anintergroup study revealed changes in the subpopulation distribution of peripheral blood leukocytes, which may be associated with both aging and changes in living conditions during military operations. Specific changes in

Under the conditions of war in Ukraine, there remains a high probability that russia will use nuclear weapons or commit terrorist acts against nuclear power plants, which will lead to exposure of the population in doses that cause acute radiation sickness (ARS). In this regard, our medical service must be ready for the treatment of ARS of various degrees of severity under a mass influx of victims. In peacetime, ARS is a rather infrequent pathology, so most doctors lack experience in its treatment. This article, having the form of a lecture, presents material on the pathogenesis, classification, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of ARS, taking into account the modern achievements of radiation medicine. Treatment of ARS is based on the use of pharmaceutical drugs that are licensed in Ukraine. The article will be useful for doctors and medical workers of all branches and levels of health care, who will have to deal with irradiated persons in order to timely identify patients with ARS and provide them with effective treatment.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the urgent problems of health care, which is due to a constant trend of growth. One of the risk factors for the development of breast cancer is ionizing radiation (IR). Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have shown the high sensitivity of the mammary gland (MG) to this factor. Consideration of models of absolute and relative risks of the occurrence of radio-induced tumors of the MG in irradiated persons showed the importance of such factors as age at the time of irradiation, multiplicity. frequency of exposure, dose level and concomitant non-neoplastic diseases of the mammary and thyroid gland (TG). Excess radiation-induced cases of cervical cancer were found among irradiated women after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.Epidemiological features of the development of breast cancer under the influence of IV are presented in detail, which is one of the environmental factors involved in the formation of the modern carcinogenic situation. In con-nection with the significant sensitivity of the MG to the carcinogenic effect of IR, this form of neoplasms attracted special attention after the Chornobyl accident. The effect of small doses of radiation after the Chornobyl disaster led to a wave-like change in the incidence of breast cancer in certain periods of the year, and the radiation-induced incidence of this pathology can occur spontaneously.

Objective: scientific substantiation of the new methodology for estimation of passport doses of the settlementswhich belong to Zone of Unconditional (obligatory) Resettlement, or 2nd zone and Zone of Granted VoluntaryResettlement, or 3rd zone in the framework of dosimetric passportization in accordance with the legislation ofUkraine.

Materials and methods: 37 years after the accident, radioactive contamination of the environment has significantly decreased. However, it is still necessary to carry out ecological and dosimetric monitoring and apply countermeasures in certain territories of Ukraine affected by the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant: restriction of the consumption of locally produced milk, forest products, etc. The methodology, which was since 1996 used to estimate the passport doses of Ukrainian settlements, no longer corresponds to the current level of scientific knowledge about radioactive contamination of environment. The new methods of passport doses calculating presented in the work involves the use of a model whose parameters are determined by the types, quality and completeness of radio-ecological and dosimetric monitoring carried out on the radioactively contaminated territories in 1986-2013. The methodology takes into account the specific of radioactive contamination of each settlement. The passport dose of external exposure is reconstructed only from 137Cs radionuclide, because the contributions of other Chornobyl radionuclides influence the radiation dose only in the first years after the accident. The passport dose of internal exposure is formed as a result of the consumption of 137Cs contaminated food products. It is calculated depending on the availability in the settlement in the current year of the results of measurements of the 137Cs radionuclide activity incorporated in the human body using a whole body counter (WBC) and the activity of 137Cs in the private milk. At the same time, priority is given precisely to the results of WBC measurements of 137Cs.

Results and conclusions: A new methodology (Methodology-2023) for passport doses calculation of Ukrainian settlements was substantiated. A comparison of passport doses based on the results of radioecological and dosimetric monitoring in 2011 calculated by Methodology-2023 and passport doses calculated by Methodology-96 was made.Passport doses calculated by Methodology-2023 increased by 40 % on average compared to doses calculated by Methodology-96. At the same time, passport doses of internal radiation calculated by the new methodologyincreased by 1.5 times, and passport doses of external radiation increased by 1.7 times. The passport dose of 2011, calculated by Methodology-2023, exceeds the legally established limit of 1 mSv in 71 settlements, most of which are located in Korostenkyi raion of Zhytomyr Oblast.

Objective: assessment of impact of operation of the Pivdennoukrainska Nuclear Power Plant (PUNPP) on the environment of surveillance zone (SZ) based on parameters of radiation monitoring within 2015-2021 period.

Methods: socio-hygienic (analysis of the radiation monitoring parameters), analytical, statistical.

Results: The environmental radiation impact associated with emissions and discharges of radioactive substances originated in the production cycle of the PUNPP in everyday conditions was found as insignificant. The gas-aerosol atmospheric emissions of inert radioactive gases, long-lived nuclides, and 131I did not exceed the established permissible levels (PL) and amounted to a hundredth of a percent of the emission limit (EL) for the inert radioactive gases and long-lived nuclides, and a thousandth of a percent for radioactive iodine. Total atmospheric emissions of the 51Cr, 54Mn, 59Fe, 58Co, 60Co, 90Sr, 95Zr, 95Nb, 134Cs, 137Cs, and 3Н radionuclides by the PUNPP power units (actual and % of EL) did not exceed the established PL. Maximum average values of atmospheric air concentration of 137Cs in SZ forthe 2015-2021 period ranged from 2.858 μBq/m3 (PUNPP industrial site) to 1.986 μBq/m3 (Riabokoneve village, 33.5 km distance), and maximum average values of the 90Sr air concentration were from 1.310 μBq/m3 to 0.566 μBq/m3, respectively. According to radionuclide monitoring no significant change of the quality of surface water occurred upon the PUNPP discharges to the Pivdennyi Bug River. Specific activity of the 137Сs in agricultural products in the PUNPP SZ was insignificant and not exceeding the PL of the content in food products. Content of 137Cs in the samples from the PUNPP SZ did not exceed 1.0 % of the total activity.

Conclusion: Average concentration of radionuclides in atmospheric air of the settlements in the PUNPP SZ was several orders of magnitude lower than that established by regulatory documents. The PUNPP discharges to the Pivdennyi Bug River, according to radionuclide parameters that are monitored, have not significantly changed the quality of surface water. The content of 90Sr and 137Cs was uniform in all observation radii of distance from the NPP, confirming the very low level of 90Sr and 137Cs environmental emission by the PUNPP. The content of 137Cs in agricultural products within the PUNPP SZ was significantly lower than PL.

The review presents data from the literature on the role of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ionizing radiation (IR) in the pathogenesis and treatment of plasma cell myeloma (PCM). There was analyzed disturbance of regulation of functioning of this cytokine, which affects the interaction of the immune system with substrate plasma cells under the influence of negative external factors, including ionizing radiation IR. Modern directions of therapy of this disease using the latest technologies are presented, in particular CAR T-cell therapy, which will allow to optimize in the future treatment of this disease and, thus, improve the quality and life expectancy of PCM patients.

Objective: assessment of clinical-hematological and metabolic-biochemical parameters of the of bone tissue and hormonal regulation depending on the serum iron content and radiation dose values in children living on radiologically contaminated territories after the ChNPP accident in Ukraine.

Materials and methods: Children (n = 271) living on radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) of Ukraine were involved in the study. Three study groups were formed according to the serum iron level (SIL), namely group I with SIL 10.0-22.0 μmol/l (n = 92), group II with SIL 23.0-34.0 μmol/l (n = 144), and group III with SIL above 35.0 μmol/l (n = 35). Diseases in the family tree, bodyweight at birth, complaints on osalgia, bone fractures, jaw anomalies, dental caries, and obesity were accounted. Morphometric parameters of erythrocytes and hemogram elements were analyzed. Creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total protein, iron, cholesterol, bilirubin, and transaminases were assayed in blood serum. The urine content of the 19 free amino acids, serum content of the free thyroxine (FT4), pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and cortisol were assayed both with bone tissue density. Individual radiation doses were calculated.

Results: In 12.9 % of cases the SIL was > 35.0 μmol/l. Relatives with endocrine diseases were often present in the family tree of children with SIL > 23.0 μmol/l. There were increased urine content of the free amino acids (p < 0.05) and signs of protein degradation under high SIL. Contents of amino acids involved in collagen synthesis and antioxidant status (alanine, serine, glutamine, aspartic acid) and iron metabolism (arginine, leucine) were assayed at the highest levels (p < 0.05). Urinary levels of valine, lysine, and methionine, which are associated with iron metabolism, were decreased (p < 0.05). An inverse correlation (rs = -0.58; p < 0.01) was established between the serum TSH and cortisol levels regardless of the SIL. Serum TSH level directly correlated with urine content of amino acids involved in collagen synthesis. An inverse correlation (rs = -0.55; p < 0.001) was established between the serum TSH level and urine content of tyrosine that is essential for the thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) synthesis.Cortisol was found having a negative effect on protein synthesis. Inverse correlation was established between the serum cortisol level and urine content of the free amino acids essential for collagen synthesis. There was no dependence of the average radiation dose values on the SIL. An inverse correlation was determined between the patient's radiation dose and SIL > 35.0 μmol/l (rs = -0.29; p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The increased SIL in children living on RCT may occur due to both a genetic predisposition and the acquired factors driving protein and mineral metabolism of bone and their hormonal regulation.

In recent decades, several large-scale epidemiological surveys of the eyes have been conducted to determine the global prevalence of retinal degenerative diseases (for example, the Blue Mountains Eye Study). The results of such studies were evaluated several decades, and the studies themselves required significant material resources. Such large-scale projects have not been carried out in Ukraine.Objective of the work is to study the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in a pilot group of non-irradiated persons of working age to determine the suitability of using the results for further epidemiological studies in Ukraine.

Materials and methods: A retrospective-prospective analysis of the prevalence of degenerative diseases of the retina in a pilot group of persons who underwent an in-depth examination, as they claimed to participate in works in harmful conditions (with ionizing radiation) was carried out. The results of primary ophthalmological examinations of 1,064 people, conducted between January 18, 2007 and October 29, 2009, were randomly selected. The age of the examinees at the time of examination ranged from 18.94 to 67.49 years, the number of persons aged 18 to 30, 30 to 40, and 40 to 50 years was approximately the same. The results of a standardized ophthalmological examination were used.

Results: In the pilot group of people in working age, the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration was 196.4 per 1,000 people. Hazard analysis showed that the relative risk of age-related macular degeneration increased with age and was 1.14 (95% CI 1.07-1.21) for individuals aged 30-39 years; in comparison with persons under the age of 30; 1.3 (95% CI 1.21-1.41) - for persons aged 40-49; 1.3 (95% CI 1.18-1.52) - for persons aged 50-59; 1.86 (95% CI 1.0-3.47) - for persons over 60 years of age. The odds ratio (OR) of having age-related macular degeneration for those aged 30-39 years compared with those younger than 30 years was 3.04 (95% CI 1.79-5.15); for persons aged 40-49 years - 5.49 (95% CI 3.31-9.09); for persons aged 50-59 years - 6.04 (95% CI 3.36-10.88); for persons aged 50-59 years - 6.04 (95% CI 3.36-10.88) and for persons older than 60 years - 13.71 (95% CI 3.68-51.15), p in all cases < 0.0001.

Conclusions: It was established that the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in non-irradiated individuals determined in the pilot group was high and statistically significantly increased with age. It is shown that the results of primary ophthalmological examinations of a pilot group of persons who applied for participation in works in harmful conditions (with ionizing radiation) are suitable for epidemiological studies of the frequency and course of degenerative retinal diseases in persons of working age in Ukraine. The obtained results are important for practical medicine, as they will allow us to assess the prospects needs for medical care in the s

Prerequisite. In the conditions of a full-scale invasion, the issue of radiation safety and anti-radiation protection in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) occupies a special place, since the aggressor country violated global geopolitical international decisions, occupied civilian nuclear facilities, in the process of their liberation servicemen mayhave to act in conditions of increased radiation risk, the possibility of using tactical nuclear weapons also is not excluded.

Objective: to investigate the state of the current national regulatory framework for ensuring radiation safety and anti-radiation protection of military personnel during the period of martial law.

Methods: bibliographic, analytical, historical, systematic approach.

Results: The main normative document on the organization of radiation safety and anti-radiation protection of both personnel and the population in Ukraine, as well as military personnel, currently in everyday conditions and in case of radiation accidents since 1998 and until now, are the State Hygienic Standards «Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (NRBU-97)». But neither in this document, nor in the transition to NRBU-2021-P, the issue of exposure to such a category as military personnel during the performance of combat (special) tasks is considered. The system of monitoring the radiation situation in Ukraine, documents on the organization of medical support for military personnel, including the Guidelines on the Medical Support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for a Special Period (2019)and the Guidelines on the Organization of Radiation Safety in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (2020), were analyzed.modules of radiation safety principles in the Armed Forces of Ukraine were proposed.

Conclusion: The unsolved problem of normalization of the radiation factor in the case of man-made and socio-political emergencies can create significant problems in the organization of anti-radiation protection of troops and the population in the case of the use of nuclear weapons or radiation accidents in a special period and requires anurgent solution. It is obvious that there is a need to develop regulatory documents regarding the response and planning of continuous activities to respond to potential nuclear and radiation threats during martial law, including relationships at all levels of the management vertical and methods of communication in the event of a threat.

Despite current research in the development of drugbased cytostatic and targeted therapies in the treatment of breast cancer, radiation therapy (RT) is an important component in the treatment of this pathology in the postoperative period. At the same time, an important problem is the development of pathological changes in the heart in the longterm period, which worsen the quality of life and increase the risk of cardiac death 10 or more years after RT The problem of heart damage due to RT is gaining new significance due to the existing increase in the number of cancer patients requiring radiation exposure in the modern world. RT of malignant tumors of the breast and organs of the chest cavity causes damage to all structures of the heart, including the coronary arteries, valves, conducting system, pericardium. The frequency of heart damage increases in proportion to the time that has passed after RT. According to some authors, the prevalence of clinically significant radiationinduced heart diseases 5-10 years after RT is 10-30%, and the frequency of asymptomatic lesions is 88%. The duration of the latent period can reach 15-20 years. The work has an analysis of longterm studies of the presence of pathological changes that are found in the heart tissues of patients with breast cancer, as a result of radiation therapy.