Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

Beneficial modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) using dietary fibres and psychobiotics has emerged as a novel strategy for the management of various neurological conditions including epilepsy. Herein, we investigated the effects of supplementation of modified kodo millet bran (mKMB) along with GABA-producing Levilactobacillus brevis LAB6 MTCC 25662 in mitigating epileptic seizures, neuroinflammation and colonic aberrations in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in SD rats. Chronic PTZ kindling induced gut-brain dysregulation, whereas supplementation with mKMB and LAB6 reduced seizure severity, preserved neuronal spines, and restored hippocampal GABAergic function. It also effectively attenuated neuro- and systemic inflammation (~ 1.77-fold overall cytokine reduction), associated with enhanced FFAR2/3 expression and increased gut GABA and SCFAs. Microbiome analysis showed that supplementation mitigated kindling-induced dysbiosis by reducing Aerococcus, Clostridium, Enterococcus and enriching beneficial microbes; notably, Turicibacter abundance increased to 21.39% in Syn + PTZ compared to 13.6% in PTZ (log₂FC = + 0.65, p = 0.056) and 17.21% in mKMB + PTZ (log₂FC = + 0.56, p = 0.032), alongside an increase in Lactobacillus, particularly Levilactobacillus brevis. These findings highlight the protective potential of dietary fibres and rationale psychobiotics supplementation in modulating MGBA and developing an effective management strategy for epilepsy.

Levilactobacillus brevis AK19B strain demonstrated promising probiotic potential as a hydrophilic lactic acid bacterium with valuable phytase activity. It also exhibited strong antioxidant properties and maintained viability in bile salt-rich environments, suggesting robustness in gastrointestinal conditions. To maximize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, a Box-Behnken design was applied to assess the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and temperature. The results showed that these factors significantly influenced GABA synthesis, with their interactions well-modeled by a quadratic response surface. Optimal conditions were identified as pH 5.136, MSG concentration of 297 mM, temperature at 26 °C, and NaCl concentration of 2.82%, under which the predicted GABA production reached 43.85 mg/mL. These findings highlight AK19B as a promising candidate for functional food applications and industrial GABA biosynthesis.

Enterococcus faecium CPU2401, isolated from traditional pickles, was assessed for its probiotic potential through an integrated approach combining whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic assays. The complete genome (2,803,294 bp) comprises a chromosome (2,724,439 bp) and a plasmid (78,855 bp), with a GC content of 38.38% and 2,786 predicted genes. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of various resistance genes (e.g., optrA, efmA) and numerous genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis, such as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Phenotypically, E. faecium CPU2401 exhibited high gastrointestinal tolerance, with survival rates of 55.4% at pH 4 and 86.7% in the presence of 0.1% bile salts. It also showed good antioxidant capacity, scavenging 3.83% of DPPH, 22.0% of hydroxyl, and 83.4% of superoxide anion radicals, together with notable antibacterial activity against pathogens including Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. In Caenorhabditis elegans, E. faecium CPU2401 enhanced resistance to S. Typhimurium infection and significantly extended lifespan by 22.4% compared to the control. These findings underscore the strain's promise as a probiotic candidate for functional food and health applications.