Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the protective effects of four human milk-derived probiotic strains, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus lactarius, in murine models of pathogen- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Mice received probiotic pre-treatment before challenge with LPS, E. coli, or Salmonella enterica typhimurium. Clinical signs, survival, body weight, gross and histopathological lesions, serum biochemical markers, fecal bacterial load, and intestinal cytokine gene expression (TNF-α, IL-6) were recorded. Pathogen- and LPS-challenged groups showed high mortality, significant weight loss, marked intestinal pathology, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, increased fecal pathogen counts, and upregulated TNF-α and IL-6 expression. Probiotic pre-treatment improved survival, preserved body weight, reduced lesion severity, normalized biochemical parameters, lowered fecal pathogen load, and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the tested strains, Strep. lactarius provided the most consistent protection in E. coli and LPS models, whereas Strep. Salivarius was most effective against Salmonella-induced sepsis. The results indicate that specific human milk-derived probiotics can reduce systemic inflammation and organ injury in Gram-negative bacterial sepsis.

This study aims to investigate how Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 improves obesity-related metabolic disorders by modulating the gut microbiota-SCFAs axis, thereby affecting inflammatory factors and metabolic hormones. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 75 individuals with obesity subjects (BMI ≥ 28) were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the BBr60 intervention group (10 billion CFU daily) and the placebo group. After the 12-week intervention, 65 participants (BBr60: n = 33; placebo: n = 32) completed the study and were included in the primary analysis. All participants received standardized nutritional counseling aimed at a moderate energy intake (~ 1800 kcal/day, including a daily intake of 25 g of dietary fiber.). Every week, we call participants at a fixed time to inquire about their weekly diet and weight changes, and provide dietary suggestions for the following week based on the inquiry results. Participants were instructed to maintain their usual physical activity levels throughout the study. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16 S sequencing, fecal SCFAs were detected by GC-MS, and serum levels of IL-27, IL-1β, and metabolic hormones were measured using ELISA technology. Metabolic indicators such as body weight, body fat percentage, and HOMA-IR were also assessed. The BBr60 intervention significantly increased fecal butyrate levels (p < 0.001), accompanied by a decrease in IL-1β levels (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of IL-27 (p < 0.01). In terms of metabolic hormones, leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADPN), connecting peptide (C-P), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) were all significantly elevated (p < 0.05), while Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) was significantly reduced in the BBr60 group (p < 0.05). In the control group, C-P, PP, and GIP were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas LEP, ADPN, PYY, GLP-1, and HOMA-IR showed no difference before and after the 12-week period. Correlation analysis indicated that butyrate levels were significantly positively correlated with GLP-1 and IL-27, and negatively correlated with IL-1β. Bifidobacterium breve BBr60, by remodeling the gut microbiota-SCFAs axis, inhibits the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β, activates the anti-inflammatory signal IL-27, and synergistically regulates the metabolic hormone network (such as GLP-1, ADPN), significantly improving obesity-related metabolic disorders. This study provides a theoretical basis and intervention targets for the clinical application of probiotics targeting the "microbiota-SCFAs-inflammation/hormone axis," and future research can explore precise probiotic treatment regimens based on individual microbiota characteristics.

Inflammation triggered by injury, infection, or exposure to chemicals results in chronic diseases, and constitutes the leading cause of death worldwide. Anti-inflammatory drugs available for the treatment of inflammation mainly leads to side effects like ulcers or kidney damage which necessitate the need for safer alternatives of these drugs. Probiotics, live beneficial microorganisms, have garnered significant attention for their role in modulating immune responses and reducing the inflammation, and are generally considered as safe. Probiotics aid in reducing inflammation by improving gut health and immune balance. The anti-inflammatory potential of probiotics aids in preventing and managing chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), arthritis, autoimmune diseases and metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, probiotics modulate immune responses by increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs), while down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Some strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory potential. Probiotic bacteria also exhibit antioxidant potential thereby, reducing the oxidative stress which is a key driver of chronic inflammation. This review explores the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics, highlighting their mechanisms of action, including modulation of gut microbiota, enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, regulation of immune responses, and production of bioactive metabolites. Furthermore, the current review discusses the therapeutic applications of probiotics in managing inflammatory diseases and the challenges associated with their usage. Therefore, understanding anti-inflammatory potential of probiotics could open new avenues for non-pharmacological interventions in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.

Probiotics and synbiotics may help reduce complications following gastrointestinal (GI) surgeries by restoring microbial balance and modulating immune responses. This umbrella meta-analysis aimed to evaluate their effectiveness in improving pre- and postoperative outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, 17 meta-analyses were included after a comprehensive database search. Outcomes assessed included infection rates, hospital stay, diarrhea, mortality, and antibiotic use. Study quality was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I² statistic and Cochrane's Q-test, and predefined subgroup analyses were conducted by intervention type, treatment duration, surgical complications, and patient condition. Sensitivity analyses evaluated result stability. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg's and Egger's tests, with the trim-and-fill method applied where asymmetry was detected. Significantly reduced postoperative infections (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.42-0.53), including surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, pulmonary infections, and sepsis. Supplementation also shortened hospital stays (SMD = - 0.95, 95% CI: - 1.79 to - 0.10), decreased the incidence of diarrhea (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23-0.50), lowered mortality (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.13-0.82), and reduced antibiotic use duration (SMD = - 1.87, 95% CI: - 3.69 to - 0.05). Preoperative-only supplementation use was especially effective in liver surgeries and among patients under 60 years of age. The overall methodological quality was moderate to high in most included studies. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation, particularly during the perioperative period, appears to be an effective strategy for reducing complications following gastrointestinal surgeries. These findings support their inclusion as adjunct therapies in enhanced recovery protocols.

One of the emerging pollutants is microplastics, which have been reported to be widespread in various ecosystems. The exposure to them is inevitable. Therefore, the burden of exposure to them must be reduced. In this systematic review, the potential of probiotics to reduce toxicities and the mechanism of action of probiotics were discussed. For this purpose, a search was conducted in databases by designing appropriate keywords. A search was conducted without time limits in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After primary and secondary evaluation, 37 manuscripts were reviewed for full evaluation. Finally, 15 manuscripts were selected for data extraction, including 3 in vitro studies and 12 in vivo studies. By reviewing the extracted data, it was observed that the most commonly used probiotics in this regard were Lactobacillus species. The most important protective mechanism of probiotics is the reduction of oxidative stress caused by exposure to microplastics.

Trace elements are crucial for animal development, but current additives like sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) pose toxicity and low bioavailability risks. Additionally, finding alternatives to antibiotics is a pressing concern. This study used a safe and eco-friendly method to create SeNPs and ZnO-enriched Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 (L. reuteri LR1-SeNPs-ZnO). And its characteristics, antibacterial and antioxidant activities were studied. These results showed that Na₂SeO₃ and ZnSO₄ were transformed into SeNPs and ZnO by L. reuteri LR1, respectively. And it had significant bacteriostatic and antioxidant activities. Moreover, dietary supplementation of L. reuteri LR1-SeNPs-ZnO significantly increased the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and increased the expression level of tight junction protein in jejunum, and significantly improved intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by LPS. These results indicated that SeNPs and ZnO-enriched L. reuteri LR1 can replace antibiotics in maintaining intestinal health, with demonstrated benefits in enhancing antioxidant capacity and regulating inflammatory responses.