Procedia CIRP最新文献

英文中文

Current Distribution during Short Circuits in Electrochemical Machining 电化学加工中的短路电流分布

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.287

F. Sous , T. Petersen , E. Tchoupe Sambou , T. Herrig , A. Klink , T. Bergs

Short circuits are the most significant process defects in electrochemical machining. They can occur seemingly randomly when machining on the edge of stability, which is done for productivity reasons. In many applications the occurrence of this event causes the workpiece to be declared scrap. In order to clarify whether this measure is necessary, the short circuit event and its effect has to be investigated and understood. Since there are several orders of magnitude between the active area and the short circuit area, it is important to determine the distribution of the current in the short circuit event between these two areas. To answer this question, this article describes the experimental setup that was developed to measure this distribution. To ensure good quality of the measurements, several tests have been conducted. It was found that only the excessive amount of energy, if compared to a stable process, is transferred through the short circuit. It is therefore also only this energy that is responsible for the damage caused to the workpiece. Especially when machining large surface area workpieces this will reduce the impact the short circuit event has on the quality of the surface and might be one step to reduce the number of parts declared defective after the occurrence of a short circuit event.

短路是电化学加工中最主要的工艺缺陷。当在稳定性边缘加工时，它们似乎会随机发生，这是出于生产率的原因。在许多应用中，这种情况的发生会导致工件被宣布报废。为了阐明这一措施是否必要，必须对短路事件及其影响进行调查和了解。由于在有源区和短路区之间有几个数量级的距离，因此确定在这两个区域之间发生短路时电流的分布是很重要的。为了回答这个问题，本文描述了为测量这种分布而开发的实验设置。为了确保测量的质量，进行了几次测试。人们发现，如果与稳定过程相比，只有过量的能量通过短路传递。因此，也只有这种能量是造成工件损坏的原因。特别是当加工大表面积的工件时，这将减少短路事件对表面质量的影响，并且可能是减少发生短路事件后宣布有缺陷的零件数量的一步。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation Analysis of the Topography and Wettability of SEDM Surfaces SEDM表面形貌与润湿性的相关性分析

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.288

Jan Wittenburg , Raphael Hess , Timm Petersen , Tim Herrig , Andreas Klink , Thomas Bergs

Sink electrical discharge machining (SEDM) is widely employed for manufacturing molds and components with intricate geometries and high surface quality. Despite its versatility, the conventional characterization of EDM surfaces using the arithmetical mean roughness (Ra) fails to capture the detailed topographical variations that impact functional properties. This study investigates the influence of EDM discharge parameters on surface topography, particularly the mean groove width (RSm), and its correlation with surface wettability.

Experiments were conducted on steel samples using two state of the art EDM machines with copper and graphite electrodes. Samples were fabricated with different roughnesses using standard and specialized EDM technologies designed to vary RSm independently of Ra. Surface characterization was performed through tactile and optical measurements, and wettability was assessed via drop shape analysis. The results reveal that RSm can be adjusted independently from Ra under specific conditions, offering greater control over surface functionality. A higher RSm value corresponded to a lower contact angle, indicating reduced wettability.

槽放电加工（SEDM）广泛应用于制造几何形状复杂、表面质量高的模具和零件。尽管具有通用性，但使用算术平均粗糙度（Ra）的传统电火花加工表面表征无法捕获影响功能特性的详细地形变化。本研究探讨了电火花放电参数对表面形貌的影响，特别是平均槽宽（RSm）及其与表面润湿性的关系。用两种最先进的电火花加工机器对钢样品进行了铜电极和石墨电极的实验。使用标准和专门的电火花加工技术制造不同粗糙度的样品，这些技术设计用于独立于Ra变化RSm。通过触觉和光学测量进行表面表征，通过水滴形状分析评估润湿性。结果表明，在特定条件下，RSm可以独立于Ra进行调整，从而更好地控制表面功能。RSm值越高，接触角越小，表明润湿性降低。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of accuracy in deformation and load estimation of gentelligent, sensor-integrating components for technical inheritance 提高变形和载荷估计的精度，为技术继承提供了智能化、传感器集成组件

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.021

Sören Meyer zu Westerhausen , Vaclav Kasal , Johanna Wurst , Roland Lachmayer

The integration of sensors into load-carrying structural, so-called gentelligent, components allows to get insights into load histories during the product use phase. This data enables optimisations of the structure for adaptions on the operational loads. An easy way to reconstruct deformations and loads from measurements at discrete sensor positions on beam-like structures, like an aircraft wing box, is Ko’s displacement theory, which suffers from inaccuracies due to needed assumptions when complicated free-form geometries are considered. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithmic solution to enhance the accuracy of this reconstruction by calculating geometric parameters from CAD models for this purpose.

将传感器集成到承载结构中，即所谓的“智能”组件，可以在产品使用阶段了解负载历史。这些数据可以优化结构，以适应运行负载。在梁状结构（如飞机机翼箱）上的离散传感器位置，通过测量来重建变形和载荷的一种简单方法是Ko的位移理论，但在考虑复杂的自由几何形状时，由于需要假设，该理论存在不准确性。因此，本文提出了一种算法解决方案，通过计算CAD模型的几何参数来提高这种重建的精度。

引用次数: 0

Developing quality indices for the management of product structure data across product life cycles 开发质量指标，用于管理跨产品生命周期的产品结构数据

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.033

Amar Kumar Behera

A computational tool has been developed to highlight inconsistencies between design descriptions. This tool links these differences to a set of quality indices based on three types of inconsistencies between bills-of-materials based on the type, number and shape of parts. The indices are algorithmically calculated by parsing and analyzing computer-aided design models available as STEP AP214 files. They have been evaluated for a case study of a two-robots based welding system. The results indicate that the algorithm works well for products of varying granularities in the BoM descriptions and can support engineers in the efficient management of product structure data.

已经开发出一种计算工具来突出设计描述之间的不一致性。该工具将这些差异与一组质量指标联系起来，这些指标是基于基于零件类型、数量和形状的物料清单之间的三种不一致。这些指标是通过解析和分析作为STEP AP214文件提供的计算机辅助设计模型来算法计算的。他们已经评估了一个基于两个机器人焊接系统的案例研究。结果表明，该算法可以很好地处理BoM描述中不同粒度的产品，支持工程师对产品结构数据进行有效的管理。

引用次数: 0

Frameworks for advancing the use of in-process current pulse data for process analysis of electrochemical machining and its hybrid variants 推进过程中电流脉冲数据用于电化学加工及其混合变体过程分析的框架

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.01.102

Muhammad Hazak Arshad , Krishna Kumar Saxena , Xiaolei Chen , Dominiek Reynaerts

Electrochemical machining (ECM) removes material primarily through anodic dissolution, but various accompanying multi-physical phenomena occur in the interelectrode gap (IEG) which require investigations to improve process understanding from a manufacturing perspective. This requires development of frameworks based on in-process current pulse data for quantitative and interpretable process analysis, since traditional methods like potentiometry and metallography cannot capture process history nor can they be directly implemented on the machine-tool. Additionally, with the development of hybrid ECM processes there is a need for a flexible process analysis approach for conclusive interpretation of process mechanisms. Therefore, this paper highlights the limitations of current experimental methods and demonstrates the potential of frameworks based on high frequency in-process current pulse data by presenting two case studies for quantitative on-machine analysis of passivation and process regimes during ECM and hybrid laser-ECM (LECM).

电化学加工（ECM）主要通过阳极溶解去除材料，但在电极间隙（IEG）中会出现各种伴随的多物理现象，需要从制造的角度研究以提高对工艺的理解。这需要开发基于过程中电流脉冲数据的框架，用于定量和可解释的过程分析，因为传统的方法，如电位测定法和金相学，不能捕获过程历史，也不能直接在机床上实现。此外，随着混合ECM过程的发展，需要一种灵活的过程分析方法来对过程机制进行结论性解释。因此，本文强调了当前实验方法的局限性，并通过对ECM和混合激光-ECM （LECM）期间钝化和过程制度的定量机器分析的两个案例研究，展示了基于高频过程中电流脉冲数据的框架的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Structuring Inconsistency Situations in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems - a Description Template Proposal 信息物理系统工程中构造不一致情况——一个描述模板建议

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.011

Thomas Alexander Völk , Razieh Dehghani , Monika Klippert , Felix Pfaff , Robert Stolpmann , Konstantin Nowak , Anne Koziolek , Albert Albers

In today’s interdisciplinary world, mechatronic systems are evolving by taking advantage of software services. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are an example of such a progressive development. Since practitioners from various domains are involved in developing CPS, it is important to maintain consistency between the variety of artifacts produced. To understand the avoidance, discovery, analysis, and handling mechanisms, this paper proposes a template oriented to practitioners’ demands to collect data about inconsistency situations. By using this template, a data set with inconsistency situations based on industry practitioners’ workshops is provided. Researchers and practitioners can use this data to better understand and manage inconsistencies.

在当今跨学科的世界中，机电一体化系统通过利用软件服务而不断发展。信息物理系统（CPS）就是这种渐进发展的一个例子。由于来自不同领域的从业者都参与了CPS的开发，因此保持所生成的各种工件之间的一致性是很重要的。为了理解避免、发现、分析和处理机制，本文提出了一个面向从业者收集不一致情况数据需求的模板。通过使用该模板，提供了基于行业从业者研讨会的不一致情况的数据集。研究人员和从业者可以使用这些数据来更好地理解和管理不一致性。

引用次数: 0

An Indirect Measurement Method for Accurate Quality of Service Assessment 一种准确评价服务质量的间接测量方法

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.017

Faadhil Assayfullooh, Kaito Uchiyama, Kahoru Furuya, Yoshiki Shimomura

Existing methods for assessing service quality rely on customer feedback, which can introduce bias and fail to capture true feelings and causes. This research proposes a novel approach that models service quality by analyzing changes in customer behavior rather than direct feedback. We construct a predictive model using gradient boosting regression techniques to analyze big data and identify how various aspects of service provider performance (the "5W1H" Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How) impact customer behavior metrics. This model provides an objective and detailed assessment of service quality, revealing complex patterns and interactions often missed by traditional feedback methods.

现有的评估服务质量的方法依赖于客户反馈，这可能会引入偏见，无法捕捉到真实的感受和原因。本研究提出了一种新颖的方法，通过分析顾客行为的变化而不是直接反馈来模拟服务质量。我们使用梯度增强回归技术构建了一个预测模型来分析大数据，并确定服务提供商绩效的各个方面（“5W1H”谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么和如何）如何影响客户行为指标。该模型提供了对服务质量的客观和详细的评估，揭示了传统反馈方法经常忽略的复杂模式和相互作用。

引用次数: 0

Fundamental research for the application of carbon fibers as tool electrodes for micro-ED drilling 碳纤维作为微ed钻孔工具电极应用的基础研究

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.275

Eckart Uhlmann , Mitchel Polte , Sergio Lezama , Kai Thißen

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an established process used for the machining of complex geometries in hard, high-temperature-resistant and electrically conductive materials. Nevertheless, electrical discharge micro-drilling (micro-ED drilling) still poses the challenge of machining holes with diameters d_h ≤ 50 µm, which are commonly present in systems such as fuel injection systems, printing heads, optical diaphragms, and cooling-holes in turbine blades. The preparation of even smaller pin tool electrodes demands a great amount of non-productive time which often involves the use of additional electrical discharge dressing processes for its manufacturing. A possible solution is the use of single carbon fibers as tool electrodes given its small diameters 5 µm ≤ d_el ≤ 10 µm. Main challenges of using single carbon fibers for this purpose include the necessity separating single fibers from a filament yarn as well as its handling before and during the machining process.

In this paper the fundamental research on the geometrical, mechanical and electrical properties of single carbon fibers of the types mesophase pitch-based fibers (MP) and polyacrylonitrile-based fibers (PAN) for its use as tool electrodes in micro-ED drilling as well as the necessary steps to be conducted for the fiber separation are presented. The aim is to establish a set of process parameters and techniques that allow for the systematic and reproducible use of single carbon fibers as tool electrodes and the determination of the most appropriate carbon fiber type. For the separation of carbon fibers pyrolysis processes were carried out. The geometrical properties of the carbon fibers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, a tensile test was performed for all carbon fiber types and diameters. In order to find the specific electrical resistance ρ_eW of single carbon fibers while using different dielectric fluids, a four-terminal sensing method was carried out. After analyzing the results obtained, the mechanical and electrical limits of each carbon fiber type and fiber diameter could be successfully determined.

电火花加工（EDM）是一种用于加工复杂几何形状的硬质、耐高温和导电材料的成熟工艺。然而，电火花微钻孔（micro-ED钻孔）仍然对直径dh≤50µm的孔的加工提出了挑战，这些孔通常存在于燃油喷射系统、打印头、光学隔膜和涡轮叶片冷却孔等系统中。制备更小的针工具电极需要大量的非生产时间，这通常涉及到使用额外的放电修整过程来制造。一种可能的解决方案是使用单碳纤维作为工具电极，因为其直径较小，为5 μ m≤del≤10 μ m。使用单碳纤维用于此目的的主要挑战包括必须将单纤维从长丝中分离出来，以及在加工过程之前和过程中的处理。本文介绍了中间相沥青基纤维（MP）和聚丙烯腈基纤维（PAN）两种单碳纤维在微ed钻孔中用作工具电极的几何、力学和电学性能的基础研究，以及纤维分离的必要步骤。目的是建立一套工艺参数和技术，允许系统地和可重复地使用单个碳纤维作为工具电极，并确定最合适的碳纤维类型。对碳纤维的分离进行了热解过程。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了碳纤维的几何特性。此外，还对所有类型和直径的碳纤维进行了拉伸试验。为了确定碳纤维在不同介质介质下的比电阻ρeW，采用了四端传感方法。通过对所得结果的分析，可以成功地确定每种碳纤维类型和纤维直径的机电极限。

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引用次数: 0

Laser powder bed fusion of 3D metamaterials for energy absorption 激光粉末床融合三维超材料的能量吸收

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.278

Wessel W. Wits , Camill de Vos , Maria Montero-Sistiaga , Marc de Smit

Metamaterials with unique energy absorption properties are fabricated by additive manufacturing. Manufacturing limitations, imposed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), hamper the production of in particular 3D metamaterial structures, due to unsupported overhanging struts that are part of the unit cell design. This study analyses two types of 3D metamaterials, the auxetic re-entrant and octet truss. Optimal process parameters are determined experimentally for stainless steel 316L and unit cell design parameters are related to the overall performance of the metamaterial lattices. Drop-weight impact testing experiments are conducted on LPBF-fabricated metamaterial samples. Unique properties for energy absorption, directly related to the metamaterial’s unit cell design, are demonstrated.

采用增材制造技术制备了具有独特吸能性能的超材料。激光粉末床融合技术（LPBF）带来的制造限制，阻碍了特定3D超材料结构的生产，因为单晶胞设计中没有支撑的悬垂支柱。本研究分析了两种三维超材料，即减重桁架和八元桁架。通过实验确定了316L不锈钢的最佳工艺参数，并确定了单元胞的设计参数与超材料晶格的整体性能有关。对lpbf制备的超材料样品进行了落锤冲击试验。独特的能量吸收性能，直接关系到超材料的单位电池设计，被证明。

引用次数: 0

Exciting and profitable sustainability through Sufficiency Engineering 通过充足的工程令人兴奋和有利可图的可持续发展

Procedia CIRP

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.086

Kristian König, Simon Mörsdorf, Michael Vielhaber

In view of the three sustainability strategies (efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency), sufficiency is often attributed to be the least exciting one - leading to challenges in societal acceptance - and is seen not economically viable through its focus on reduction in today’s consumption-driven economy. Against this background, the present work promotes a different perspective on this traditional understanding. By employing the Kano Model of customer satisfaction, the concept of ‘Sufficiency Engineering’ is introduced as a strategy to effectively link excitement and profitability in sustainable development, thereby fostering a long-term customer relationship.

考虑到三种可持续发展战略（效率、一致性和充分性），充分性通常被认为是最不令人兴奋的一种，这导致了社会接受度的挑战，并且由于其在当今消费驱动的经济中侧重于减少，因此在经济上被认为是不可行的。在此背景下，本文提出了对这一传统认识的不同视角。通过采用卡诺客户满意度模型，“充足工程”的概念被引入作为一种战略，有效地将可持续发展中的兴奋和盈利能力联系起来，从而培养长期的客户关系。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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