Okinawan coasts are a rich source of biodiversity, including of filamentous cyanobacteria, owing to their habitat diversity created by coral reefs. Along the coastlines of Okinawa, several undescribed species, including those from Neolyngbya, remain unexplored. In this study, two undescribed cyanobacterial species with morphological resemblance to Neolyngbya were identified using a polyphasic approach. Both taxa had morphological features similar to known species of Neolyngbya; however, the cell size and thallus shape were different. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that the two new species formed a highly supported independent subclade within Neolyngbya. Accordingly, three informative domains of the ITS region (D1‐D1′, Box B and V3) also presented distinct secondary structures compared to previously described species of Neolyngbya, both in structure form and configuration. Overall, analyses of morphology and phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S rRNA ITS region, as well as the secondary structures of ITS region, supported the proposal of two new species within Neolyngbya. Herein, we propose N. intertidalis sp. nov. and N. latusa sp. nov. as new members of Neolyngbya under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN).
{"title":"Revealing the species diversity of Neolyngbya (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) from subtropical coastal regions of Okinawa, Japan, with descriptions of Neolyngbya intertidalis sp. nov. and Neolyngbya latusa sp. nov.","authors":"H. Nuryadi, S. Suda","doi":"10.1111/pre.12482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12482","url":null,"abstract":"Okinawan coasts are a rich source of biodiversity, including of filamentous cyanobacteria, owing to their habitat diversity created by coral reefs. Along the coastlines of Okinawa, several undescribed species, including those from Neolyngbya, remain unexplored. In this study, two undescribed cyanobacterial species with morphological resemblance to Neolyngbya were identified using a polyphasic approach. Both taxa had morphological features similar to known species of Neolyngbya; however, the cell size and thallus shape were different. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that the two new species formed a highly supported independent subclade within Neolyngbya. Accordingly, three informative domains of the ITS region (D1‐D1′, Box B and V3) also presented distinct secondary structures compared to previously described species of Neolyngbya, both in structure form and configuration. Overall, analyses of morphology and phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S rRNA ITS region, as well as the secondary structures of ITS region, supported the proposal of two new species within Neolyngbya. Herein, we propose N. intertidalis sp. nov. and N. latusa sp. nov. as new members of Neolyngbya under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN).","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aoi Shindo, Gregory N. Nishihara, I. A. Borlongan, Ryuta Terada
We determined the response of photochemical efficiency to desiccation and salinity in an edible brown alga, Saccharina japonica (var. japonica), using a pulse amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorometer. Natural populations of this species in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan are most of the time immersed in the subtidal zone; however, those at the uppermost part of the sublittoral are sometimes emersed during low tide. In the laboratory experiment, the alga under aerial exposure up to 8 h under dim light at 20°C and 50% humidity showed that the effective quantum yields (ΔF/Fm′) of Photosystem II quickly declined after more than 45 min of emersion; ΔF/Fm′ also failed to recover to the initial level even after 1 day of rehydration in seawater. Under emersion, the ΔF/Fm′ values were relatively stable and above 0.5 when the absolute water content (AWC, %) was greater than 50%; however, it declined as the AWC decreased. Once the algae were dehydrated to an AWC of less than 50%, their ΔF/Fm′ did not return to the initial level despite subsequent reimmersion in seawater, suggesting the low ability of photosynthetic recovery from dehydration. Results of in situ measurements in Muroran showed that the ΔF/Fm′ of S. japonica declined during the tidal exposure; however, it recovered after they were again immersed in seawater due to the rising tide. Furthermore, S. japonica showed a stenohaline photosynthetic response between 20 and 40 psu, as their ΔF/Fm′ values were found to be unchanged in these salinities after 5 days of laboratory culture; this suggests the seaweed’s photosynthetic tolerance and/or acclimation within such a relatively narrow range, which might be one of the traits that preclude its occurrence in the intertidal and brackish waters. Indeed, desiccation risk and fluctuating salinity are important limiting factors that influence the stability of kelp beds for sustainable utilization in the regional fishery including mariculture of this species.
{"title":"The effects of desiccation and salinity gradients in the PSII photochemical efficiency of a subtidal brown alga, Saccharina japonica (Laminariales) from Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Aoi Shindo, Gregory N. Nishihara, I. A. Borlongan, Ryuta Terada","doi":"10.1111/pre.12481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12481","url":null,"abstract":"We determined the response of photochemical efficiency to desiccation and salinity in an edible brown alga, Saccharina japonica (var. japonica), using a pulse amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorometer. Natural populations of this species in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan are most of the time immersed in the subtidal zone; however, those at the uppermost part of the sublittoral are sometimes emersed during low tide. In the laboratory experiment, the alga under aerial exposure up to 8 h under dim light at 20°C and 50% humidity showed that the effective quantum yields (ΔF/Fm′) of Photosystem II quickly declined after more than 45 min of emersion; ΔF/Fm′ also failed to recover to the initial level even after 1 day of rehydration in seawater. Under emersion, the ΔF/Fm′ values were relatively stable and above 0.5 when the absolute water content (AWC, %) was greater than 50%; however, it declined as the AWC decreased. Once the algae were dehydrated to an AWC of less than 50%, their ΔF/Fm′ did not return to the initial level despite subsequent reimmersion in seawater, suggesting the low ability of photosynthetic recovery from dehydration. Results of in situ measurements in Muroran showed that the ΔF/Fm′ of S. japonica declined during the tidal exposure; however, it recovered after they were again immersed in seawater due to the rising tide. Furthermore, S. japonica showed a stenohaline photosynthetic response between 20 and 40 psu, as their ΔF/Fm′ values were found to be unchanged in these salinities after 5 days of laboratory culture; this suggests the seaweed’s photosynthetic tolerance and/or acclimation within such a relatively narrow range, which might be one of the traits that preclude its occurrence in the intertidal and brackish waters. Indeed, desiccation risk and fluctuating salinity are important limiting factors that influence the stability of kelp beds for sustainable utilization in the regional fishery including mariculture of this species.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zonation patterns and the structure of intertidal communities are controlled by tidal conditions. Algal diversity, abundance and succession were experimentally tested under different degrees of wave exposure, shore level, and season of clearing at the intertidal zone, Phuket, Thailand. Dead coral patches colonized by algae (20 cm × 20 cm) were cleared at upper, middle, and lower shore levels on sheltered and semi‐exposed shores during both the dry and rainy seasons. Of 17 algal species, including eight Rhodophyta, eight Chlorophyta, and one Phaeophyceae that were recruited on the cleared plots, three species were dominant: Ulva paradoxa, Padina in the Vaughaniella stage, and Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa. Algal diversity on the semi‐exposed shore was higher than on the sheltered shore. In the successional process, U. paradoxa extensively recruited and persisted longer on plots cleared at the middle shore level on the semi‐exposed shores than at the other. It showed a greater abundance in the plots cleared in the rainy season than those cleared in the dry season. Ulva paradoxa persisted for around 5 to 6 months after clearing and was then replaced by the two later species, Padina in the Vaughaniella stage and P. sphaerocarpa. Ulva paradoxa settled more easily and persisted longer at the cleared plots than other algal species because of its opportunistic characteristics and a special physiological adaptation to long periods of emersion. From this study, degree of wave exposure, shore level, and season of clearing likely play important roles in algal recruitment, abundance, and succession patterns.
{"title":"Wave exposure, shore level, and season of clearing modulate early algal abundance and succession in an intertidal zone","authors":"J. Mayakun, A. Prathep, Jeong Ha Kim","doi":"10.1111/pre.12480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12480","url":null,"abstract":"Zonation patterns and the structure of intertidal communities are controlled by tidal conditions. Algal diversity, abundance and succession were experimentally tested under different degrees of wave exposure, shore level, and season of clearing at the intertidal zone, Phuket, Thailand. Dead coral patches colonized by algae (20 cm × 20 cm) were cleared at upper, middle, and lower shore levels on sheltered and semi‐exposed shores during both the dry and rainy seasons. Of 17 algal species, including eight Rhodophyta, eight Chlorophyta, and one Phaeophyceae that were recruited on the cleared plots, three species were dominant: Ulva paradoxa, Padina in the Vaughaniella stage, and Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa. Algal diversity on the semi‐exposed shore was higher than on the sheltered shore. In the successional process, U. paradoxa extensively recruited and persisted longer on plots cleared at the middle shore level on the semi‐exposed shores than at the other. It showed a greater abundance in the plots cleared in the rainy season than those cleared in the dry season. Ulva paradoxa persisted for around 5 to 6 months after clearing and was then replaced by the two later species, Padina in the Vaughaniella stage and P. sphaerocarpa. Ulva paradoxa settled more easily and persisted longer at the cleared plots than other algal species because of its opportunistic characteristics and a special physiological adaptation to long periods of emersion. From this study, degree of wave exposure, shore level, and season of clearing likely play important roles in algal recruitment, abundance, and succession patterns.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa, is described. This new species and D. enomotoi, both of which have elongated axes densely covered with numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, may have been misidentified as D. villosa by previous investigators in Japan. Dasya villosa differs from D. japonovillosa and D. enomotoi in the distinct five pericentral cells in transverse sections and palisade‐like tetrasporangial cover cells. The new species is distinguished from several similar species by the combination of the following: an elongated axis (to 65 cm), subdichotomously divided axes and polysiphonous branches, indistinct pericentral cells in transverse sections except near the apices, and the presence of enlarged, inner cortical cells, radially arranged numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, three‐celled carpogonial branches, four tetrasporangia in each fertile segment of the stichidia, and one (rarely two) tetrasporangial cover cell that is not elongated longitudinally and rarely divided transversely.
{"title":"A new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales)","authors":"Y. Yamagishi, K. Kogame, M. Masuda","doi":"10.1111/pre.12477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12477","url":null,"abstract":"A new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa, is described. This new species and D. enomotoi, both of which have elongated axes densely covered with numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, may have been misidentified as D. villosa by previous investigators in Japan. Dasya villosa differs from D. japonovillosa and D. enomotoi in the distinct five pericentral cells in transverse sections and palisade‐like tetrasporangial cover cells. The new species is distinguished from several similar species by the combination of the following: an elongated axis (to 65 cm), subdichotomously divided axes and polysiphonous branches, indistinct pericentral cells in transverse sections except near the apices, and the presence of enlarged, inner cortical cells, radially arranged numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, three‐celled carpogonial branches, four tetrasporangia in each fertile segment of the stichidia, and one (rarely two) tetrasporangial cover cell that is not elongated longitudinally and rarely divided transversely.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42103011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novelties in nomenclature and typification appearing in Phycological Research 70 (1)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48662373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CRISPR‐Cas9 system with PEG‐mediated transfection was efficient for genome editing in Ulva prolifera. U. prolifera (left) and male gametes (middle). Wild type (upper right) and the genome‐edited strain (lower right) cultured in 2‐FA selection medium, and each mutation site on the APT gene. See Ichihara et al. in this issue.
{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pre.12475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12475","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR‐Cas9 system with PEG‐mediated transfection was efficient for genome editing in Ulva prolifera. U. prolifera (left) and male gametes (middle). Wild type (upper right) and the genome‐edited strain (lower right) cultured in 2‐FA selection medium, and each mutation site on the APT gene. See Ichihara et al. in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Dinotoms’ are a relatively small group of dinoflagellates with aberrant tertiary plastids of diatom origin, thus differing from the majority of photosynthetic dinoflagellates which possess the carotenoid pigment peridinin and have secondary plastids of red algal origin. As part of our laboratory's continuing efforts to examine such unusual dinoflagellates in the search for clues to the evolution of their lipid compositions, we have examined the sterol composition of the dinotom Durinskia baltica. As such, we here compared its sterols to those of the previously examined dinotom, Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, more broadly to other photosynthetic, peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates, and to the diatom genus Nitzschia, which is the presumed ancestor of the D. baltica dinotom plastid. Sterols are ringed lipids, common to eukaryotes, thought to reinforce phospholipid bilayers. Many peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates have sterol compositions which are enriched by the presence of cholesterol (cholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol) and 4α‐methyl‐substituted sterols such as dinosterol (4α,23,24‐trimethyl‐5α‐cholest‐22E‐en‐3β‐ol); this has also been found to be true for K. foliaceum despite its aberrant plastid ancestry. Our objective was to determine if this is also true for D. baltica as only the second dinotom to have its sterols characterized in detail, and to determine if there is any indication of prominent sterols which are uncommon to dinoflagellates, possibly originating from the diatom endosymbiont, as has been demonstrated previously with K. foliaceum and D. baltica chloroplast‐associated galactolipids of clear diatom origin. Our results demonstrate that like K. foliaceum, the major sterols of D. baltica are cholesterol, dinosterol, and other 4α‐methyl‐substituted sterols common to dinoflagellates. Although there were a number of minor sterols, none were found with obvious origin from the diatom endosymbiont, indicating that most originated with the dinoflagellate host itself, most likely before acquisition of the diatom tertiary plastid.
{"title":"Sterols of the ‘dinotom’ Durinskia baltica (Dinophyceae) are of dinoflagellate origin","authors":"Jeffrey D. Leblond, Stephanie L. Vandergrift","doi":"10.1111/pre.12473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12473","url":null,"abstract":"‘Dinotoms’ are a relatively small group of dinoflagellates with aberrant tertiary plastids of diatom origin, thus differing from the majority of photosynthetic dinoflagellates which possess the carotenoid pigment peridinin and have secondary plastids of red algal origin. As part of our laboratory's continuing efforts to examine such unusual dinoflagellates in the search for clues to the evolution of their lipid compositions, we have examined the sterol composition of the dinotom Durinskia baltica. As such, we here compared its sterols to those of the previously examined dinotom, Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, more broadly to other photosynthetic, peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates, and to the diatom genus Nitzschia, which is the presumed ancestor of the D. baltica dinotom plastid. Sterols are ringed lipids, common to eukaryotes, thought to reinforce phospholipid bilayers. Many peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates have sterol compositions which are enriched by the presence of cholesterol (cholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol) and 4α‐methyl‐substituted sterols such as dinosterol (4α,23,24‐trimethyl‐5α‐cholest‐22E‐en‐3β‐ol); this has also been found to be true for K. foliaceum despite its aberrant plastid ancestry. Our objective was to determine if this is also true for D. baltica as only the second dinotom to have its sterols characterized in detail, and to determine if there is any indication of prominent sterols which are uncommon to dinoflagellates, possibly originating from the diatom endosymbiont, as has been demonstrated previously with K. foliaceum and D. baltica chloroplast‐associated galactolipids of clear diatom origin. Our results demonstrate that like K. foliaceum, the major sterols of D. baltica are cholesterol, dinosterol, and other 4α‐methyl‐substituted sterols common to dinoflagellates. Although there were a number of minor sterols, none were found with obvious origin from the diatom endosymbiont, indicating that most originated with the dinoflagellate host itself, most likely before acquisition of the diatom tertiary plastid.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44751097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The immediate effect of zinc (Zn) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Chara braunii was analyzed in short‐time exposure experiments. The exposure concentrations were 12.3, 18.4, and 24.5 μmol L−1 H2O2, 12, 60, and 120 mg L−1 Zn, and 12.3 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 12 mg L−1 Zn, 12.3 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 60 mg L−1 Zn, and 18.4 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 12 mg L−1 Zn. The stress response of C. braunii was analyzed by measuring photosynthetic photosystem II activity, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents, the H2O2 concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities of ascorbic peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. The short‐term addition of Zn reduced pigment contents in C. braunii. Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents in H2O2‐exposed C. braunii were as high as in control plants. Photosynthesis was reduced in H2O2‐treated C. braunii and the short‐term addition of Zn did not affect the electron transport rate. H2O2 concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities in C. braunii were not significantly different between control and exposed plants. Trends of enzymatic adaptation were described: the H2O2‐induced stress response was characterized by increased antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas Zn inactivated catalase in C. braunii.
{"title":"Immediate response of Chara braunii exposed to zinc and hydrogen peroxide","authors":"A. Herbst, V. Ranawakage, T. Asaeda, H. Schubert","doi":"10.1111/pre.12471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12471","url":null,"abstract":"The immediate effect of zinc (Zn) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Chara braunii was analyzed in short‐time exposure experiments. The exposure concentrations were 12.3, 18.4, and 24.5 μmol L−1 H2O2, 12, 60, and 120 mg L−1 Zn, and 12.3 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 12 mg L−1 Zn, 12.3 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 60 mg L−1 Zn, and 18.4 μmol L−1 H2O2 + 12 mg L−1 Zn. The stress response of C. braunii was analyzed by measuring photosynthetic photosystem II activity, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents, the H2O2 concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities of ascorbic peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. The short‐term addition of Zn reduced pigment contents in C. braunii. Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents in H2O2‐exposed C. braunii were as high as in control plants. Photosynthesis was reduced in H2O2‐treated C. braunii and the short‐term addition of Zn did not affect the electron transport rate. H2O2 concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities in C. braunii were not significantly different between control and exposed plants. Trends of enzymatic adaptation were described: the H2O2‐induced stress response was characterized by increased antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas Zn inactivated catalase in C. braunii.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the green seaweed Ulva is one of the most common seaweeds in the coastal regions with well‐studied ecological characteristics, few reverse genetic technologies have been developed for it. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas9 system is a simple genome‐editing technology based on a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of an endonuclease and programmable RNA to target particular DNA sequences. Genome editing makes it possible to generate mutations on a target gene in non‐model organisms without established transgenic technologies. In this study, we applied the CRISPR‐Cas9 RNP genome‐editing system to the green seaweed Ulva prolifera, using polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐mediated transfection. Our experimental system disrupts a single gene (UpAPT) encoding adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APT) and generates a resistant phenotype for gametophytes cultured in a medium with toxic compound 2‐fluoroadenine. The PEG‐mediated transfection used for gametes resulted in 2‐fluoroadenine‐resistant strains containing short indels or substitutions on UpAPT. Our results showed that the CRISPR‐Cas9 system with PEG‐mediated transfection was efficient for genome editing in Ulva.
{"title":"Genome editing using a DNA‐free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐Cas9 system in green seaweed Ulva prolifera","authors":"K. Ichihara, T. Yamazaki, S. Kawano","doi":"10.1111/pre.12472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12472","url":null,"abstract":"Although the green seaweed Ulva is one of the most common seaweeds in the coastal regions with well‐studied ecological characteristics, few reverse genetic technologies have been developed for it. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas9 system is a simple genome‐editing technology based on a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of an endonuclease and programmable RNA to target particular DNA sequences. Genome editing makes it possible to generate mutations on a target gene in non‐model organisms without established transgenic technologies. In this study, we applied the CRISPR‐Cas9 RNP genome‐editing system to the green seaweed Ulva prolifera, using polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐mediated transfection. Our experimental system disrupts a single gene (UpAPT) encoding adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APT) and generates a resistant phenotype for gametophytes cultured in a medium with toxic compound 2‐fluoroadenine. The PEG‐mediated transfection used for gametes resulted in 2‐fluoroadenine‐resistant strains containing short indels or substitutions on UpAPT. Our results showed that the CRISPR‐Cas9 system with PEG‐mediated transfection was efficient for genome editing in Ulva.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Sawai, K. Tanigawa, T. Shinozaki, P. Bobrowsky, D. Huntley, James Goff
To understand distributions of coastal diatoms along Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, this paper describes diatom assemblages observed in 47 surface sediment samples from intertidal environments. One hundred and eighty‐four diatom taxa were identified from five transects crossing tidal flats, salt marshes, and freshwater forests in Tofino, Ucluelet, and Port Alberni. Distributions of the diatom assemblages were consistent with those reported elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest, but a few diatom taxa show different trends in their distributions. For example, one benthic species Denticula subtilis shows widespread distributions along the transect in Tofino. An ordination shown by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) using a combined dataset indicated overlapped scatter plots of diatom assemblages, suggesting that assemblages with similar species compositions are observed in more than one location. Hierarchical and k‐means clustering analyses using Euclidean distance recognized unique small groups along each transect. Rank abundance curves show different trends for richness and evenness of diatom assemblages among the five transects.
{"title":"Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) assemblages in tidal environments of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Y. Sawai, K. Tanigawa, T. Shinozaki, P. Bobrowsky, D. Huntley, James Goff","doi":"10.1111/pre.12470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12470","url":null,"abstract":"To understand distributions of coastal diatoms along Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, this paper describes diatom assemblages observed in 47 surface sediment samples from intertidal environments. One hundred and eighty‐four diatom taxa were identified from five transects crossing tidal flats, salt marshes, and freshwater forests in Tofino, Ucluelet, and Port Alberni. Distributions of the diatom assemblages were consistent with those reported elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest, but a few diatom taxa show different trends in their distributions. For example, one benthic species Denticula subtilis shows widespread distributions along the transect in Tofino. An ordination shown by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) using a combined dataset indicated overlapped scatter plots of diatom assemblages, suggesting that assemblages with similar species compositions are observed in more than one location. Hierarchical and k‐means clustering analyses using Euclidean distance recognized unique small groups along each transect. Rank abundance curves show different trends for richness and evenness of diatom assemblages among the five transects.","PeriodicalId":20544,"journal":{"name":"Phycological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45562602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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