Pub Date : 2025-01-14Epub Date: 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2424815121
{"title":"Correction for Tran-Kiem and Bedford, Estimating the reproduction number and transmission heterogeneity from the size distribution of clusters of identical pathogen sequences.","authors":"","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2424815121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424815121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2424815121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14Epub Date: 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2424380121
{"title":"Correction for Orellana et al., Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors.","authors":"","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2424380121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424380121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2424380121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojing Zhu, Lei Zhang, Linlong Jiang, Huaqing Chen, Yu Tang, Xiaoyun Yang, Pengkun Bao, Chenghong Liao, Jianyong Li, Christopher J. Vavricka, Delin Ren, Zhaohui Chen, Yingying Guo, Qian Han
Insect phenoloxidase, presented as an inactive precursor prophenoloxidase (PPO) in hemolymph, catalyzes melanin formation, which is involved in wound healing, pathogen killing, reversible oxygen collection during insect respiration, and cuticle and eggshell formation. Mosquitoes possess 9 to 16 PPO members across different genera, a number that is more than that found in other dipteran insects. However, the reasons for the redundancy of these PPOs and whether they have distinct biochemical properties and physiological functions remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Aedes aegypti PPO6 (Aea-PPO6) is an ortholog to PPOs in other insect species, classified as the classical insect type, while other Aea-PPOs are unique to Diptera, herein referred to as the dipteran type here. We characterized two Aea-PPO members, Aea-PPO6, the classical insect type, and Aea-PPO10, a dipteran type, which exhibit distinct substrate specificities. By resolving Aea-PPO6’s crystal structure and creating a chimera protein (Aea-PPO6-cm) with Motif 1 ( 217 GDGPDSVVR 225 ) from Aea-PPO10, we identified the motif that determines PPO substrate specificity. In vivo, loss of Aea-PPO6 led to larval lethality, while Aea-PPO10 was involved in development, pigmentation, and immunity. Our results enhance the understanding of the functional diversification of mosquito PPOs.
{"title":"The Aedes aegypti mosquito evolves two types of prophenoloxidases with diversified functions","authors":"Xiaojing Zhu, Lei Zhang, Linlong Jiang, Huaqing Chen, Yu Tang, Xiaoyun Yang, Pengkun Bao, Chenghong Liao, Jianyong Li, Christopher J. Vavricka, Delin Ren, Zhaohui Chen, Yingying Guo, Qian Han","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2413131122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2413131122","url":null,"abstract":"Insect phenoloxidase, presented as an inactive precursor prophenoloxidase (PPO) in hemolymph, catalyzes melanin formation, which is involved in wound healing, pathogen killing, reversible oxygen collection during insect respiration, and cuticle and eggshell formation. Mosquitoes possess 9 to 16 PPO members across different genera, a number that is more than that found in other dipteran insects. However, the reasons for the redundancy of these PPOs and whether they have distinct biochemical properties and physiological functions remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti</jats:italic> PPO6 (Aea-PPO6) is an ortholog to PPOs in other insect species, classified as the classical insect type, while other Aea-PPOs are unique to Diptera, herein referred to as the dipteran type here. We characterized two Aea-PPO members, Aea-PPO6, the classical insect type, and Aea-PPO10, a dipteran type, which exhibit distinct substrate specificities. By resolving Aea-PPO6’s crystal structure and creating a chimera protein (Aea-PPO6-cm) with Motif 1 ( <jats:sub>217</jats:sub> GDGPDSVVR <jats:sub>225</jats:sub> ) from Aea-PPO10, we identified the motif that determines PPO substrate specificity. In vivo, loss of Aea-PPO6 led to larval lethality, while Aea-PPO10 was involved in development, pigmentation, and immunity. Our results enhance the understanding of the functional diversification of mosquito PPOs.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14Epub Date: 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2425448121
Sandeep Ravindran
{"title":"Profile of Bruce E. Tabashnik.","authors":"Sandeep Ravindran","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2425448121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2425448121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2425448121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14Epub Date: 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2411469121
Alexis Moreau, François Yaya, Huijie Lu, Anagha Surendranath, Anne Charrier, Benoit Dehapiot, Emmanuèle Helfer, Annie Viallat, Zhangli Peng
{"title":"Reply to Kaestner et al.: Activation of PIEZO1 is not significant for the passage of red blood cells through biomimetic splenic slits.","authors":"Alexis Moreau, François Yaya, Huijie Lu, Anagha Surendranath, Anne Charrier, Benoit Dehapiot, Emmanuèle Helfer, Annie Viallat, Zhangli Peng","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2411469121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2411469121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2411469121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14Epub Date: 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2411688122
Jia-Lin Wang, Zi-Qian Zhong, Ya-Zhou He, Jun-Hua Tian, Yu-Feng Wang, Alexander S Raikhel
Female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to activate reproduction, transmitting numerous devastating human diseases. Vitellogenesis is a central event of female reproduction that involves the massive production of vitellogenin (Vg) in the fat body and the maturation of ovaries. This process is controlled by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E); however, its molecular regulatory basis remains not completely understood. We found that the expression of Aedes aegypti muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis B (AaMafB), coding for a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, was significantly up-regulated after a blood meal. The 20E-bound ecdysone receptor-ultraspiracle heterodimer directly targeted the ecdysone response element in the promoter of AaMafB, activating its transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation assays illustrated the interaction between AaMafB and Cap "n" collar C (AaCncC), another bZIP transcription factor. RNA interference-mediated depletion of AaMafB or AaCncC led to impaired ovarian growth, decreased expression of AaVg and Halloween genes, and reduced 20E levels. The AaMafB-AaCncC heterodimer directly activated the transcription of AaVg and AaShade by targeting the antioxidant response element in their promoters. Together, our results indicate that AaMafB functions as an early 20E response gene, the product of which heterodimerizes with AaCncC to maintain high 20E levels and facilitates activation of AaVg in mosquitoes after a blood meal.
{"title":"The ecdysone-induced bZIP transcription factor MafB establishes a positive feedback loop to enhance vitellogenesis and reproduction in the <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquito.","authors":"Jia-Lin Wang, Zi-Qian Zhong, Ya-Zhou He, Jun-Hua Tian, Yu-Feng Wang, Alexander S Raikhel","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2411688122","DOIUrl":"10.1073/pnas.2411688122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to activate reproduction, transmitting numerous devastating human diseases. Vitellogenesis is a central event of female reproduction that involves the massive production of vitellogenin (Vg) in the fat body and the maturation of ovaries. This process is controlled by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E); however, its molecular regulatory basis remains not completely understood. We found that the expression of <i>Aedes aegypti muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis B</i> (<i>AaMafB</i>), coding for a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, was significantly up-regulated after a blood meal. The 20E-bound ecdysone receptor-ultraspiracle heterodimer directly targeted the ecdysone response element in the promoter of <i>AaMafB</i>, activating its transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation assays illustrated the interaction between <i>Aa</i>MafB and Cap \"n\" collar C (<i>Aa</i>CncC), another bZIP transcription factor. RNA interference-mediated depletion of <i>Aa</i>MafB or <i>Aa</i>CncC led to impaired ovarian growth, decreased expression of <i>AaVg</i> and Halloween genes, and reduced 20E levels. The <i>Aa</i>MafB-<i>Aa</i>CncC heterodimer directly activated the transcription of <i>AaVg</i> and <i>AaShade</i> by targeting the antioxidant response element in their promoters. Together, our results indicate that <i>AaMafB</i> functions as an early 20E response gene, the product of which heterodimerizes with <i>Aa</i>CncC to maintain high 20E levels and facilitates activation of <i>AaVg</i> in mosquitoes after a blood meal.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2411688122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liangzhan Sun, Pengchao Hu, Hui Yang, Jun Ren, Rong Hu, Shasha Wu, Yanchen Wang, Yuyang Du, Jingyi Zheng, Fenfen Wang, Han Gao, Jingsong Yan, Yun-Fei Yuan, Xin-Yuan Guan, Jia Xiao, Yan Li
ADAR is highly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the role of its constitutive isoform ADARp110 in tumorigenesis remains elusive. We investigated the role of ADARp110 in HCC and underlying mechanisms using clinical samples, a hepatocyte-specific Adarp110 knock-in mouse model, and engineered cell lines. ADARp110 is overexpressed and associated with poor survival in both human and mouse HCC. It creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting total immune cells, particularly cytotoxic GZMB + CD8 + T cells infiltration, while augmenting Treg cells, MDSCs, and exhausted CD8 + T cells ratios. Mechanistically, ADARp110 interacts with SNRPD3 and RNPS1 to stabilize CD24 mRNA by inhibiting STAU1-mediated mRNA decay. CD24 protects HCC cells from two indispensable mechanisms: macrophage phagocytosis and oxidative stress. Genetic knockdown or monoclonal antibody treatment of CD24 inhibits ADARp110-overexpressing tumor growth. Our findings unveil different mechanisms for ADARp110 modulation of tumor immune microenvironment and identify CD24 as a promising therapeutic target for HCCs.
{"title":"ADARp110 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via stabilization of CD24 mRNA","authors":"Liangzhan Sun, Pengchao Hu, Hui Yang, Jun Ren, Rong Hu, Shasha Wu, Yanchen Wang, Yuyang Du, Jingyi Zheng, Fenfen Wang, Han Gao, Jingsong Yan, Yun-Fei Yuan, Xin-Yuan Guan, Jia Xiao, Yan Li","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2409724122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409724122","url":null,"abstract":"ADAR is highly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the role of its constitutive isoform ADARp110 in tumorigenesis remains elusive. We investigated the role of ADARp110 in HCC and underlying mechanisms using clinical samples, a hepatocyte-specific <jats:italic>Adarp110</jats:italic> knock-in mouse model, and engineered cell lines. ADARp110 is overexpressed and associated with poor survival in both human and mouse HCC. It creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting total immune cells, particularly cytotoxic GZMB <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> CD8 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells infiltration, while augmenting Treg cells, MDSCs, and exhausted CD8 <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells ratios. Mechanistically, ADARp110 interacts with SNRPD3 and RNPS1 to stabilize CD24 mRNA by inhibiting STAU1-mediated mRNA decay. CD24 protects HCC cells from two indispensable mechanisms: macrophage phagocytosis and oxidative stress. Genetic knockdown or monoclonal antibody treatment of CD24 inhibits ADARp110-overexpressing tumor growth. Our findings unveil different mechanisms for ADARp110 modulation of tumor immune microenvironment and identify CD24 as a promising therapeutic target for HCCs.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14Epub Date: 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2424809121
{"title":"Correction for Mehmood et al., Teacher vaccinations enhance student achievement in Pakistan: The role of role models and theory of mind.","authors":"","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2424809121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424809121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2424809121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to Lockhart et al.: Advancing the understanding of sex differences in functional brain organization with innovative AI tools.","authors":"Srikanth Ryali, Yuan Zhang, Kaustubh Supekar, Vinod Menon","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2419736121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419736121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 2","pages":"e2419736121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter A. Angeli, Lauren M. DiNicola, Noam Saadon-Grosman, Mark C. Eldaief, Randy L. Buckner
The hippocampus possesses anatomical differences along its long axis. Here, we explored the functional specialization of the human hippocampal long axis using network-anchored precision functional MRI in two independent datasets (N = 11 and N = 9) paired with behavioral analysis (N = 266 and N = 238). Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that the anterior hippocampus was preferentially correlated with a cerebral network associated with remembering, while the posterior hippocampus selectively contained a region correlated with a distinct network associated with behavioral salience. Seed regions placed within the hippocampus recapitulated the distinct cerebral networks. Functional characterization of the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions using task data identified and replicated a functional double dissociation. The anterior hippocampal region was sensitive to remembering and imagining the future, specifically tracking the process of scene construction, while the posterior hippocampal region displayed transient responses to targets in an oddball detection task and to transitions between task blocks. These findings suggest an unexpected specialization along the long axis of the human hippocampus with differential responses reflecting the functional properties of the partner cerebral networks.
{"title":"Specialization of the human hippocampal long axis revisited","authors":"Peter A. Angeli, Lauren M. DiNicola, Noam Saadon-Grosman, Mark C. Eldaief, Randy L. Buckner","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2422083122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2422083122","url":null,"abstract":"The hippocampus possesses anatomical differences along its long axis. Here, we explored the functional specialization of the human hippocampal long axis using network-anchored precision functional MRI in two independent datasets (N = 11 and N = 9) paired with behavioral analysis (N = 266 and N = 238). Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that the anterior hippocampus was preferentially correlated with a cerebral network associated with remembering, while the posterior hippocampus selectively contained a region correlated with a distinct network associated with behavioral salience. Seed regions placed within the hippocampus recapitulated the distinct cerebral networks. Functional characterization of the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions using task data identified and replicated a functional double dissociation. The anterior hippocampal region was sensitive to remembering and imagining the future, specifically tracking the process of scene construction, while the posterior hippocampal region displayed transient responses to targets in an oddball detection task and to transitions between task blocks. These findings suggest an unexpected specialization along the long axis of the human hippocampus with differential responses reflecting the functional properties of the partner cerebral networks.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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