Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1177/13506501231181271
Fuyu Liu, Bo Yu, Yongfan Li, Baojie Ren, Muming Hao, Xinhui Sun, Zengli Wang, Zhentao Li
This research investigated the effect of lubricant's non-Newtonian properties on dynamic characteristics of a herringbone grooved liquid film seal (HG-LFS) considering cavitation. A modified steady-state perturbation Reynolds equation of the non-Newtonian was derived. Visualized experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of calculations. The non-Newtonian effect on stiffness, cavitation, damping coefficients, and other sealing performance of the liquid film seal at different velocity, pressure and film thickness were discussed and analyzed. The results indicate that the seal has larger stiffness and damping coefficients with the dilatant lubricant, the cavitation can be inhibited by the shearing-thinning lubricant, and the impact of non-Newtonian on the seal stability decreases with the increase of film thickness. This study would contribute to the design and theoretical research of liquid film seals.
{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of a non-Newtonian lubrication mechanical seal with herringbone grooves considering cavitation effect","authors":"Fuyu Liu, Bo Yu, Yongfan Li, Baojie Ren, Muming Hao, Xinhui Sun, Zengli Wang, Zhentao Li","doi":"10.1177/13506501231181271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231181271","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the effect of lubricant's non-Newtonian properties on dynamic characteristics of a herringbone grooved liquid film seal (HG-LFS) considering cavitation. A modified steady-state perturbation Reynolds equation of the non-Newtonian was derived. Visualized experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of calculations. The non-Newtonian effect on stiffness, cavitation, damping coefficients, and other sealing performance of the liquid film seal at different velocity, pressure and film thickness were discussed and analyzed. The results indicate that the seal has larger stiffness and damping coefficients with the dilatant lubricant, the cavitation can be inhibited by the shearing-thinning lubricant, and the impact of non-Newtonian on the seal stability decreases with the increase of film thickness. This study would contribute to the design and theoretical research of liquid film seals.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73512344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this present study, the effect of surface waviness on the performance of journal bearing operating in misaligned conditions has been investigated. The journal’s misaligned conditions in the present analysis are taken about the circumferential, the axial, and both axes. For computing the pressure of lubricant inside the bearing, the finite element method has been applied to solve the Reynolds equation and thus static parameters are obtained. The static parameters, that is, load carrying capacity and coefficient of friction are evaluated at different waviness variables and are compared with misaligned journal bearing without surface waviness. It is observed that misalignment considered in both axes has the most severe effect on static performance parameters as compared to misalignment only in the circumferential or axial axis. With the increase in circumferential waviness number up to n = 5, the load-carrying capacity increases, and the coefficient of friction decreases under high eccentricity ratios. Change in waviness amplitude also impacts the bearing performance. Axial waviness always deteriorates the bearing performance. Combined waviness increases the load carrying capacity and decreases the coefficient of friction when circumferential waviness number n = 5 and axial waviness number m = 2. The highest performance enhancement ratio is attained at an eccentricity ratio of 0.8 with a circumferential waviness number n of 5, axial waviness number m of 2, and dimensionless waviness amplitude δ * of 0.075.
{"title":"Performance analysis of journal bearing having surface waviness operating under misaligned condition","authors":"Arun Bangotra, Sanjay Sharma, Reza Taufique, Deepak Byotra","doi":"10.1177/13506501231177485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231177485","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study, the effect of surface waviness on the performance of journal bearing operating in misaligned conditions has been investigated. The journal’s misaligned conditions in the present analysis are taken about the circumferential, the axial, and both axes. For computing the pressure of lubricant inside the bearing, the finite element method has been applied to solve the Reynolds equation and thus static parameters are obtained. The static parameters, that is, load carrying capacity and coefficient of friction are evaluated at different waviness variables and are compared with misaligned journal bearing without surface waviness. It is observed that misalignment considered in both axes has the most severe effect on static performance parameters as compared to misalignment only in the circumferential or axial axis. With the increase in circumferential waviness number up to n = 5, the load-carrying capacity increases, and the coefficient of friction decreases under high eccentricity ratios. Change in waviness amplitude also impacts the bearing performance. Axial waviness always deteriorates the bearing performance. Combined waviness increases the load carrying capacity and decreases the coefficient of friction when circumferential waviness number n = 5 and axial waviness number m = 2. The highest performance enhancement ratio is attained at an eccentricity ratio of 0.8 with a circumferential waviness number n of 5, axial waviness number m of 2, and dimensionless waviness amplitude δ * of 0.075.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85991785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1177/13506501231179526
B. Manser, S. Khelladi, M. Deligant, H. Ragueb, I. Belaidi, F. Bakir
This study outlines the performances of finite-length journal bearing with textured liner, shear-thinning Rabinowitsch lubricants, and considers the elastic deformation of the bearing liner. The yielded nonlinear Rabinowitsch-Reynolds PDE system has been solved using the finite difference method combined with Elrod’s algorithm for the case of cylindrical textures. The static performance of hydrodynamic lubrication, in this case, involves different parameters such as depth of texture, eccentricity ratio, elastic deformation factor, rheological index, etc. Results showed that, at a fixed eccentricity ratio, texturing of the bearing’s converging area enhances significantly the load-carrying capacity and reduces the friction coefficient compared to the smooth bearing surface (up to 22 % in load capacity and 17 % in friction coefficient). On the other hand, using a lubricant with more pronounced shear-thinning behavior and/or elastic liner reduces the journal bearing performances (up to 25 % in load capacity and 30 % in pressure). By applying the optimization technique (particle swarm optimization), an optimal arrangement of textures that can compensate for these losses in performance even at high eccentricity has been found. This optimal texture with dimensionless dimple’s depth set to 1 ( r y = 40 μ m ) improves the load capacity with 10 % for a lubricant with a rheological index α ¯ = 0.6 and elastic bearing liner with deformation parameter C 0 = 0.05 .
{"title":"Performance of hydrodynamic textured journal bearing with the combined influence of elastic deformation and pseudo-plastic lubricant","authors":"B. Manser, S. Khelladi, M. Deligant, H. Ragueb, I. Belaidi, F. Bakir","doi":"10.1177/13506501231179526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231179526","url":null,"abstract":"This study outlines the performances of finite-length journal bearing with textured liner, shear-thinning Rabinowitsch lubricants, and considers the elastic deformation of the bearing liner. The yielded nonlinear Rabinowitsch-Reynolds PDE system has been solved using the finite difference method combined with Elrod’s algorithm for the case of cylindrical textures. The static performance of hydrodynamic lubrication, in this case, involves different parameters such as depth of texture, eccentricity ratio, elastic deformation factor, rheological index, etc. Results showed that, at a fixed eccentricity ratio, texturing of the bearing’s converging area enhances significantly the load-carrying capacity and reduces the friction coefficient compared to the smooth bearing surface (up to 22 % in load capacity and 17 % in friction coefficient). On the other hand, using a lubricant with more pronounced shear-thinning behavior and/or elastic liner reduces the journal bearing performances (up to 25 % in load capacity and 30 % in pressure). By applying the optimization technique (particle swarm optimization), an optimal arrangement of textures that can compensate for these losses in performance even at high eccentricity has been found. This optimal texture with dimensionless dimple’s depth set to 1 ( r y = 40 μ m ) improves the load capacity with 10 % for a lubricant with a rheological index α ¯ = 0.6 and elastic bearing liner with deformation parameter C 0 = 0.05 .","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77437885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1177/13506501231177484
P. Dellis
The lubricated interface at the piston-ring and liner and its interaction with different lubricants and testing conditions is examined in terms of experimental measurements that show the minimum oil film thickness developed at the lubricated or depending on conditions partly lubricated conjunction and the surface interaction intensity, as measured from the friction sensor. An analysis is carried out with the use of different parameters for the experiments as well as different lubricants in a simplified piston-ring simulation test rig. This analysis is further enhanced with the squeeze film effect investigations close to the stroke reversals and together with cavitation initiation and load-carrying effect results from previous experimental data, light is shed on the interacting surface’s behaviour at the different lubrication regimes. Another parameter, the viscosity index of the lubricant is used as an indication of the effects of squeeze film shift and friction force measurements and how the load and temperature effect are influencing the squeeze film.
{"title":"On the effect of temperature in friction force measurements for a simplified piston cylinder set-up: Squeeze film combined with minimum oil film thickness measurements and viscosity index effect","authors":"P. Dellis","doi":"10.1177/13506501231177484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231177484","url":null,"abstract":"The lubricated interface at the piston-ring and liner and its interaction with different lubricants and testing conditions is examined in terms of experimental measurements that show the minimum oil film thickness developed at the lubricated or depending on conditions partly lubricated conjunction and the surface interaction intensity, as measured from the friction sensor. An analysis is carried out with the use of different parameters for the experiments as well as different lubricants in a simplified piston-ring simulation test rig. This analysis is further enhanced with the squeeze film effect investigations close to the stroke reversals and together with cavitation initiation and load-carrying effect results from previous experimental data, light is shed on the interacting surface’s behaviour at the different lubrication regimes. Another parameter, the viscosity index of the lubricant is used as an indication of the effects of squeeze film shift and friction force measurements and how the load and temperature effect are influencing the squeeze film.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79198266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/13506501231179851
Bin Wei, Y. Jiao
This work aims to study the effect of semi-ellipsoid texture on the bearing load capacity and maximum oil film temperature of tilting pad journal bearings. It has been shown that surface texture can improve the steady-state performance of bearings, but there are few studies on tilting pad journal bearings. A thermal elastohydrodynamic model of tilting pad journal bearings have been developed to support the analysis and solved by the finite difference method. The calculation results of the model are in good agreement with the simulation results of MADYN 2000 software, which proves the validity of the model. The effects of texture distribution, depth, radius, and density on the characteristics of tilting pad journal bearings were studied and compared with those of untextured tilting pad journal bearings. The results show that texture can significantly enhance or weaken the steady-state characteristics of tilting pad journal bearings, which is related to the texture parameters. This work provides a reference for the design of tilting pad journal bearings.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of the effect of texture on the steady-state characteristics of tilting pad journal bearings","authors":"Bin Wei, Y. Jiao","doi":"10.1177/13506501231179851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231179851","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to study the effect of semi-ellipsoid texture on the bearing load capacity and maximum oil film temperature of tilting pad journal bearings. It has been shown that surface texture can improve the steady-state performance of bearings, but there are few studies on tilting pad journal bearings. A thermal elastohydrodynamic model of tilting pad journal bearings have been developed to support the analysis and solved by the finite difference method. The calculation results of the model are in good agreement with the simulation results of MADYN 2000 software, which proves the validity of the model. The effects of texture distribution, depth, radius, and density on the characteristics of tilting pad journal bearings were studied and compared with those of untextured tilting pad journal bearings. The results show that texture can significantly enhance or weaken the steady-state characteristics of tilting pad journal bearings, which is related to the texture parameters. This work provides a reference for the design of tilting pad journal bearings.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87004468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1177/13506501231179776
G. Kumar, H. Garg
Growing environment concern has forced us for the development of environmentally acceptable lubricants. In this study, tribological properties of sesame oil and castor oil containing imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-ethyl 3methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCN]) (IL1), phosphonium-based ionic liquid Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate ([P66614][BTMPP]) (IL2) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as hybrid additives have been investigated using four-ball tester with ASTM D4172B. Three different concentrations of IL1, IL2 and TiO2 NPs were selected for the formulation of vegetable oil–based ionanolubricants. It was found that castor oil with the addition of 0.03 ∅ of TiO2 NPs and 1.3 vol.% of IL1 shows the lowest specific wear rate amongst all investigated lubricant samples. It is evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of worn-out surfaces of steel balls that a combination of ball bearing effect and tribofilm formation is responsible for the improved tribological characteristics.
{"title":"Evaluation of tribological properties of vegetable oil–based ionanolubricants: An experimental study","authors":"G. Kumar, H. Garg","doi":"10.1177/13506501231179776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231179776","url":null,"abstract":"Growing environment concern has forced us for the development of environmentally acceptable lubricants. In this study, tribological properties of sesame oil and castor oil containing imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-ethyl 3methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCN]) (IL1), phosphonium-based ionic liquid Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate ([P66614][BTMPP]) (IL2) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as hybrid additives have been investigated using four-ball tester with ASTM D4172B. Three different concentrations of IL1, IL2 and TiO2 NPs were selected for the formulation of vegetable oil–based ionanolubricants. It was found that castor oil with the addition of 0.03 ∅ of TiO2 NPs and 1.3 vol.% of IL1 shows the lowest specific wear rate amongst all investigated lubricant samples. It is evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of worn-out surfaces of steel balls that a combination of ball bearing effect and tribofilm formation is responsible for the improved tribological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73876591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1177/13506501231175540
Muhammad Hazman bin Sharuddin, MH Sulaiman, S. Kamaruddin, AH Dahnel, N. A. Abd Halim, Mjm Ridzuan, A. M. Abdul-Rani
In this study, SAE-0W20 engine oil was mixed with graphene and fullerene nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different carbon nanoparticles on the thermal, rheological, and tribological properties of engine oil, such as thermal degradation, viscosity, friction, and wear. Using a two-step process, graphene and fullerene nanostructures were dispersed in low-viscosity SAE-0W20 engine oil at a concentration of 0.05 wt.%. The friction and wear characteristics were evaluated in a customized cylindrical block-on-ring tribology test according to the ASTM G77 standard. Graphene and fullerene nanoparticles protect contact surfaces by forming a very thin protective film between moving mechanical parts thus resulting in wear and friction reduction. The results showed graphene nanoparticles have improved significantly the tribological performance of SAE-0W20 engine oil.
{"title":"Properties and tribological evaluation of graphene and fullerene nanoparticles as additives in oil lubrication","authors":"Muhammad Hazman bin Sharuddin, MH Sulaiman, S. Kamaruddin, AH Dahnel, N. A. Abd Halim, Mjm Ridzuan, A. M. Abdul-Rani","doi":"10.1177/13506501231175540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231175540","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, SAE-0W20 engine oil was mixed with graphene and fullerene nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different carbon nanoparticles on the thermal, rheological, and tribological properties of engine oil, such as thermal degradation, viscosity, friction, and wear. Using a two-step process, graphene and fullerene nanostructures were dispersed in low-viscosity SAE-0W20 engine oil at a concentration of 0.05 wt.%. The friction and wear characteristics were evaluated in a customized cylindrical block-on-ring tribology test according to the ASTM G77 standard. Graphene and fullerene nanoparticles protect contact surfaces by forming a very thin protective film between moving mechanical parts thus resulting in wear and friction reduction. The results showed graphene nanoparticles have improved significantly the tribological performance of SAE-0W20 engine oil.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82275774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1177/13506501231159447
R. Yamanoğlu, A. Bahador, K. Kondoh
The production of metals by additive manufacturing is developing rapidly. After production, support structures emerge as waste materials. In this study, Ti6Al4V support structures recycled from the selective laser melting process were consolidated by vacuum hot pressing. Spherical and irregularly shaped Ti6Al4V alloy particles were also used for the comparison as raw materials. All raw materials have been subjected to the same sintering process by hot pressing. The microstructures of the samples were carried out, and their dry sliding wear performance was studied. The samples produced from support structures showed the highest wear performance compared to the powder forms of raw materials. This study showed that the support structures from additive manufacturing could be recycled and transformed into full dense structures by pressure-assisted sintering techniques, and enhanced wear performance can be obtained.
{"title":"Support recycling in additive manufacturing: A case study for enhanced wear performance of Ti6Al4V alloy","authors":"R. Yamanoğlu, A. Bahador, K. Kondoh","doi":"10.1177/13506501231159447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231159447","url":null,"abstract":"The production of metals by additive manufacturing is developing rapidly. After production, support structures emerge as waste materials. In this study, Ti6Al4V support structures recycled from the selective laser melting process were consolidated by vacuum hot pressing. Spherical and irregularly shaped Ti6Al4V alloy particles were also used for the comparison as raw materials. All raw materials have been subjected to the same sintering process by hot pressing. The microstructures of the samples were carried out, and their dry sliding wear performance was studied. The samples produced from support structures showed the highest wear performance compared to the powder forms of raw materials. This study showed that the support structures from additive manufacturing could be recycled and transformed into full dense structures by pressure-assisted sintering techniques, and enhanced wear performance can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) is an important element of the gear system. In this paper, the TVMS of each gear set of a wind turbine gearbox is calculated based on the principle of potential energy method, where wear is the most likely failure in the operation of a wind turbine gearbox. Therefore, the Archard wear model is brought into it, and theoretically the analytical formula of stiffness considering tooth wear is derived, and the time-varying wear depth is deduced as the natural wind speed keeps changing and the input torque of the wind turbine gearbox keeps changing. The interrelationship between gear tooth wear and meshing pressure angle and number of meshes is studied in depth, and the TVMS of each gear set under wear is calculated using the modified tooth profile model. The results show that the tooth profile wear depth is related to the gear meshing angle, and the tooth profile wear depth becomes larger as the number of meshes increases, thus reducing the TVMS of the wind turbine, and the TVMS shows irregular fluctuations under time-varying wear.
{"title":"Research on time-varying meshing stiffness of wind turbine gearbox considering tooth surface wear","authors":"Shuai Mo, Qingsen Hu, Meng-Lin Liu, Lei Wang, Heyun Bao, Guojian Cen, Yunsheng Huang","doi":"10.1177/13506501231172258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231172258","url":null,"abstract":"The time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) is an important element of the gear system. In this paper, the TVMS of each gear set of a wind turbine gearbox is calculated based on the principle of potential energy method, where wear is the most likely failure in the operation of a wind turbine gearbox. Therefore, the Archard wear model is brought into it, and theoretically the analytical formula of stiffness considering tooth wear is derived, and the time-varying wear depth is deduced as the natural wind speed keeps changing and the input torque of the wind turbine gearbox keeps changing. The interrelationship between gear tooth wear and meshing pressure angle and number of meshes is studied in depth, and the TVMS of each gear set under wear is calculated using the modified tooth profile model. The results show that the tooth profile wear depth is related to the gear meshing angle, and the tooth profile wear depth becomes larger as the number of meshes increases, thus reducing the TVMS of the wind turbine, and the TVMS shows irregular fluctuations under time-varying wear.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83629397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1177/13506501231172637
Wassem Gerges, O. Heipl, Bernd Pfeifer, D. Bartel, M. Wettlaufer
Previous studies by several researchers have shown that the aging of the transmission fluid in dual clutch transmissions has a major impact on the wear protection of the highly loaded tribological contacts. Depending on the transmission design, oil sump temperature, transmitted torque, rotational speed and oil volume, the scuffing ability decreases significantly. Since typically only limited quantities of oil from gearbox tests are available to evaluate oil condition with respect to wear protection properties, available analytical standards are currently limited to methods such as viscometry, TAN, elemental analysis, and IR. A test method is presented that can be used to determine the gear scuffing load capacity of transmission fluids with a reduced oil volume. For this purpose, a standard test rig is modified to reduce the test oil volume from 1.25 liters, as specified in the public standards, to 0.5 liters. The applicability of the reduced test oil volume is demonstrated and the remaining scuffing wear protection of several used oil samples from durability testing is presented. A comparison of the tribological results with the chemical oil analysis results shows the advantage of direct testing of the oil's service properties.
{"title":"Test method for determining the scuffing capacity of oils with reduced oil volume","authors":"Wassem Gerges, O. Heipl, Bernd Pfeifer, D. Bartel, M. Wettlaufer","doi":"10.1177/13506501231172637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231172637","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies by several researchers have shown that the aging of the transmission fluid in dual clutch transmissions has a major impact on the wear protection of the highly loaded tribological contacts. Depending on the transmission design, oil sump temperature, transmitted torque, rotational speed and oil volume, the scuffing ability decreases significantly. Since typically only limited quantities of oil from gearbox tests are available to evaluate oil condition with respect to wear protection properties, available analytical standards are currently limited to methods such as viscometry, TAN, elemental analysis, and IR. A test method is presented that can be used to determine the gear scuffing load capacity of transmission fluids with a reduced oil volume. For this purpose, a standard test rig is modified to reduce the test oil volume from 1.25 liters, as specified in the public standards, to 0.5 liters. The applicability of the reduced test oil volume is demonstrated and the remaining scuffing wear protection of several used oil samples from durability testing is presented. A comparison of the tribological results with the chemical oil analysis results shows the advantage of direct testing of the oil's service properties.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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