Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-87-96
V. Nurminsky, A. Lazukin, S. Gundareva, A. Stolbikov, A. V. Tretyakova
This study investigated the effect of ozone and constant electric field on the morphological and physiological characteristics of tomato and wheat seedlings with the purpose of creating an effective and environmentally friendly technology for increasing the growth potential of crop seeds. Seeds of cv. Ventura tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cv. Irkutskaya soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were exposed to ozone concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 g/m3 and electric field strengths of 1.6 and 2 kV/cm. The exposure time was 15 and 30 min. Both ozone and constant electric field were found to expand the spread of data on the shoot and root length, as well as alter the energy of seed germination. Depending on ozone concentrations and electric field strengths, the effect of seed treatment was established to be both positive and negative. The most optimal mode for ozonization of tomato seeds was achieved at an ozone concentration of 5 g/m3 for 15 minutes. The optimal mode for treating tomato seeds by electric field was achieved at an electric field strength of 1.6 kV/cm for 15 min. Wheat was determined to response to treatment not as intensively as tomato. When treating wheat seeds, ozonization is a more preferable method, since it stimulates germination even at an ozone concentration of 1 g/m3 for 15 minutes. However, our experimental results showed that even small changes in the mode of exposure both to ozonization and electric field can result in seed damage, thereby inhibiting the development of plants and decreasing the seed germination energy.
{"title":"Comparison of the effect produced by ozone and constant electric field on the morphophysiological characteristics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings","authors":"V. Nurminsky, A. Lazukin, S. Gundareva, A. Stolbikov, A. V. Tretyakova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-87-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-87-96","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of ozone and constant electric field on the morphological and physiological characteristics of tomato and wheat seedlings with the purpose of creating an effective and environmentally friendly technology for increasing the growth potential of crop seeds. Seeds of cv. Ventura tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cv. Irkutskaya soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were exposed to ozone concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 g/m3 and electric field strengths of 1.6 and 2 kV/cm. The exposure time was 15 and 30 min. Both ozone and constant electric field were found to expand the spread of data on the shoot and root length, as well as alter the energy of seed germination. Depending on ozone concentrations and electric field strengths, the effect of seed treatment was established to be both positive and negative. The most optimal mode for ozonization of tomato seeds was achieved at an ozone concentration of 5 g/m3 for 15 minutes. The optimal mode for treating tomato seeds by electric field was achieved at an electric field strength of 1.6 kV/cm for 15 min. Wheat was determined to response to treatment not as intensively as tomato. When treating wheat seeds, ozonization is a more preferable method, since it stimulates germination even at an ozone concentration of 1 g/m3 for 15 minutes. However, our experimental results showed that even small changes in the mode of exposure both to ozonization and electric field can result in seed damage, thereby inhibiting the development of plants and decreasing the seed germination energy.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86707677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-121-129
E. Oleinits, I. A. Sukhodolov, A. V. Konstantinovich, V. Deineka, I. Blinova, L. А. Deineka
We assess the level of anthocyanins and phenolic acids accumulated in the leaves of lettuce cultivars grown hydroponically and in the open ground. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the cultivars under study was determined. The plant material was macerated overnight using a selected extractant. The anthocyanin concentration was determined by spectrophotometry, while the composition of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In general, anthocyanins in the extracts of all red-leaved lettuce cultivars were represented by cyanidin-3-(6″- malonylglucoside) with a small amount of its isomer – cyanidin-3-(3″-malonylglucoside). The highest level of anthocyanins was detected in the leaves of c.v. Thurinus, amounting up to 0.200 g per 100 g of fresh product for the intensively painted leaf areas. The cultivation of lettuce under the green-house conditions (hydroponically) leads to a significant reduction in the anthocyanin concentration in its leaves. The loss of anthocyanins during leaf drying was established to exceed 50%. Along with anthocyanins, the derivatives of caffeic acid, including chlorogenic (5-caffeoylquinic) acid, 5CQA, chicoric (3,4-caffeoyltartaric) acid, and 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid are important water-soluble compounds with antioxidant effects. The 5CQA accumulation was the highest, comprising 140 mg per 100 g of fresh weight (Red Thurinus). Antioxidant properties correlating with the level of anthocyanin accumulation were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In comparison with green-leaved cultivars, red-leaved lettuce was found to exhibit a greater antioxidant activity, thus representing a more valuable and functional food product. According to the obtained results, a system of additional illumination is required for intensification of the anthocyan biosynthesis aimed at obtaining highquality products cultivated hydroponically in green-house facilities.
{"title":"Accumulation of anthocyanins and phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of lettuce cultivars grown hydroponically and in the open ground","authors":"E. Oleinits, I. A. Sukhodolov, A. V. Konstantinovich, V. Deineka, I. Blinova, L. А. Deineka","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-121-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-121-129","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the level of anthocyanins and phenolic acids accumulated in the leaves of lettuce cultivars grown hydroponically and in the open ground. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the cultivars under study was determined. The plant material was macerated overnight using a selected extractant. The anthocyanin concentration was determined by spectrophotometry, while the composition of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In general, anthocyanins in the extracts of all red-leaved lettuce cultivars were represented by cyanidin-3-(6″- malonylglucoside) with a small amount of its isomer – cyanidin-3-(3″-malonylglucoside). The highest level of anthocyanins was detected in the leaves of c.v. Thurinus, amounting up to 0.200 g per 100 g of fresh product for the intensively painted leaf areas. The cultivation of lettuce under the green-house conditions (hydroponically) leads to a significant reduction in the anthocyanin concentration in its leaves. The loss of anthocyanins during leaf drying was established to exceed 50%. Along with anthocyanins, the derivatives of caffeic acid, including chlorogenic (5-caffeoylquinic) acid, 5CQA, chicoric (3,4-caffeoyltartaric) acid, and 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid are important water-soluble compounds with antioxidant effects. The 5CQA accumulation was the highest, comprising 140 mg per 100 g of fresh weight (Red Thurinus). Antioxidant properties correlating with the level of anthocyanin accumulation were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In comparison with green-leaved cultivars, red-leaved lettuce was found to exhibit a greater antioxidant activity, thus representing a more valuable and functional food product. According to the obtained results, a system of additional illumination is required for intensification of the anthocyan biosynthesis aimed at obtaining highquality products cultivated hydroponically in green-house facilities.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82387304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-64-75
N. Yegorova, M. Zagorskaya, S. Abdurashytov
Mint represents a valuable medicinal and essential oil plant widely used in pharmacology, perfumery, cosmetics, and food industry. In order to maintain collections of cultivars and valuable samples, as well as to carry out breeding, the application of biotechnology appears to be promising for in vitro preservation of plant objects under the conditions of slow growth at low positive temperatures. The present study is focused on the morphometric parameters and genetic stability of the explants of two mint cultivars during their in vitro preservation at 4–6 ºС for a year without illumination. Meristems with two leaf primordia were cultivated on a nutrient medium in a culture room at 26 ºС and illumination of 2–3 klx with a 16-hour photoperiod. Microshoots developing from meristems were divided into single-node stem segments to be used as explants for deposition. After a year of deposition at 4–6 ºС without illumination, the number of viable explants in the Azhurnaya and Bergamotnaya cultivars was established to be 56.5 and 85.7%, respectively. The explants under study were characterized by the development of up to 2.5 shoots up to 13.2 mm long and rhizogenesis with a frequency of up to 52.3%. Following the deposition, microshoots were cut and transferred to a culture room to resume growth. After two subcultivations, viability (100%), morphometric parameters of microshoots, and multiplication index (up to 5.5–7.3) were fully restored. The ISSR-analysis performed according to four studied DNA markers revealed the microshoots of these cultivars to be completely identical to the original plants after in vitro preservation. The conducted studies proved the effectiveness of the conditions used for in vitro preservation of mint explants and confirmed the explant genetic stability after a year of deposition at 4–6 ºС.
{"title":"Features of long-term preservation of Azhurnaya and Bergamotnaya mint cultivars in an in vitro collection","authors":"N. Yegorova, M. Zagorskaya, S. Abdurashytov","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-64-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-64-75","url":null,"abstract":"Mint represents a valuable medicinal and essential oil plant widely used in pharmacology, perfumery, cosmetics, and food industry. In order to maintain collections of cultivars and valuable samples, as well as to carry out breeding, the application of biotechnology appears to be promising for in vitro preservation of plant objects under the conditions of slow growth at low positive temperatures. The present study is focused on the morphometric parameters and genetic stability of the explants of two mint cultivars during their in vitro preservation at 4–6 ºС for a year without illumination. Meristems with two leaf primordia were cultivated on a nutrient medium in a culture room at 26 ºС and illumination of 2–3 klx with a 16-hour photoperiod. Microshoots developing from meristems were divided into single-node stem segments to be used as explants for deposition. After a year of deposition at 4–6 ºС without illumination, the number of viable explants in the Azhurnaya and Bergamotnaya cultivars was established to be 56.5 and 85.7%, respectively. The explants under study were characterized by the development of up to 2.5 shoots up to 13.2 mm long and rhizogenesis with a frequency of up to 52.3%. Following the deposition, microshoots were cut and transferred to a culture room to resume growth. After two subcultivations, viability (100%), morphometric parameters of microshoots, and multiplication index (up to 5.5–7.3) were fully restored. The ISSR-analysis performed according to four studied DNA markers revealed the microshoots of these cultivars to be completely identical to the original plants after in vitro preservation. The conducted studies proved the effectiveness of the conditions used for in vitro preservation of mint explants and confirmed the explant genetic stability after a year of deposition at 4–6 ºС.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90337584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-663-672
M. Palamarchuk, D. Shlyk, S. Bratskaya
Inorganic deposits formed during operation and intermediate storage contain radionuclides, whose removal during the chemical decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins used in filters for special water purification at nuclear power plants has proved to be a challenge. In such deposits, radionuclides of the corrosion group (58.60Co, 54Mn, 51Cr) are typically located in the crystal lattice of poorly soluble iron oxides. The present work discusses the possibility of using mechanochemical activation in the decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins polluted with deposits of activated corrosion products from structural materials. Samples of natural and synthesised on the surface of the KU-2-8 cation exchanger in the presence of the 57Co label magnetites were used as model deposits. It was shown that an increase in the duration of mechanochemical activation leads to an increase in the dissolution rate of magnetite in model decontamination solutions based on еthylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Trilon B) and nitric acid. It was shown that, when using Trilon B, magnetite dissolves more efficiently, which is explained by the interaction between the oxide surface and organic complexing agents. It can be assumed that solid-phase reactions occur during the mechanochemical activation of magnetite in the presence of dry reagents (Trilon B, oxalic, ascorbic and citric acids). Therefore, a poorly soluble shell formed on the oxide surface hinders the dissolution at a low magnetite/solution ratio. Unlike the reagent-free activation, for magnetite activated in the presence of oxalic acid, an increase in the solution/magnetite ratio promotes the dissolution of iron oxides. Using the example of a model cation exchanger, it was shown that the rate and efficiency of decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins polluted with deposits containing activated corrosion products increase significantly after mechanochemical activation in the presence of oxalic acid.
{"title":"Influence of mechanochemical activation on dissolving model corrosion films formed on ion-exchange resins using Trilon B","authors":"M. Palamarchuk, D. Shlyk, S. Bratskaya","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-663-672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-663-672","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic deposits formed during operation and intermediate storage contain radionuclides, whose removal during the chemical decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins used in filters for special water purification at nuclear power plants has proved to be a challenge. In such deposits, radionuclides of the corrosion group (58.60Co, 54Mn, 51Cr) are typically located in the crystal lattice of poorly soluble iron oxides. The present work discusses the possibility of using mechanochemical activation in the decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins polluted with deposits of activated corrosion products from structural materials. Samples of natural and synthesised on the surface of the KU-2-8 cation exchanger in the presence of the 57Co label magnetites were used as model deposits. It was shown that an increase in the duration of mechanochemical activation leads to an increase in the dissolution rate of magnetite in model decontamination solutions based on еthylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Trilon B) and nitric acid. It was shown that, when using Trilon B, magnetite dissolves more efficiently, which is explained by the interaction between the oxide surface and organic complexing agents. It can be assumed that solid-phase reactions occur during the mechanochemical activation of magnetite in the presence of dry reagents (Trilon B, oxalic, ascorbic and citric acids). Therefore, a poorly soluble shell formed on the oxide surface hinders the dissolution at a low magnetite/solution ratio. Unlike the reagent-free activation, for magnetite activated in the presence of oxalic acid, an increase in the solution/magnetite ratio promotes the dissolution of iron oxides. Using the example of a model cation exchanger, it was shown that the rate and efficiency of decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins polluted with deposits containing activated corrosion products increase significantly after mechanochemical activation in the presence of oxalic acid.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79141950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-673-680
V. I. Zholnerkevich, E. Grushova
Solvent extraction is a method for purifying oil extracts, which are used as oil-plasticisers for industrial rubber goods, from cancerogenic hydrocarbons. The efficiency of this method is mainly determined by the selectivity and solvent properties of a separating agent. However, when carrying out a comparative analysis of promising extraction methods, it is necessary to use real-time methods for studying the composition of the resulting products. The purification efficiency of oil extracts from polycyclic aromatic components, including carcinogenic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, etc.), was evaluated depending upon the nature of selective solvents. The structure-group composition of the purified oil extracts and those at the second-stage of purification was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the extraction efficiency of the studied solvents towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from oil extracts increases in the following order: dimethyl sulfoxide < N-methylpyrrolidone + 10 wt% ethylene glycol
溶剂萃取是一种从致癌碳氢化合物中提纯油提取物的方法，这些油提取物被用作工业橡胶制品的石油增塑剂。该方法的效率主要取决于分离剂的选择性和溶剂性质。然而，在对有前途的提取方法进行比较分析时，有必要使用实时方法来研究所得产品的成分。根据选择溶剂的性质，对多环芳香族成分(包括致癌烃(苯并[a]芘、苯并[e]芘、苯并[a]蒽、蒽、苯并[b]芴等)的油提取物的净化效率进行了评价。用傅里叶红外光谱法测定了纯化油和第二阶段纯化油的结构-基团组成。结果表明，不同溶剂对油脂提取物中多环芳烃的萃取效率依次为:二甲亚砜< n -甲基吡咯烷酮+ 10 wt%乙二醇< n -甲基吡咯烷酮+50 wt%三甘醇。当使用n -甲基吡咯烷酮+ 50 wt%三甘醇的溶剂时，纯化油提取物中聚烷基取代和缩合芳香结构的比例降低了16.8%;与使用n -甲基吡咯烷酮+乙二醇混合物提取相比，油提取物收率提高了25 wt%以上，符合欧盟对油提取物纯化的要求(指令No. 2005/69/EC)。因此，我们推荐使用n -甲基吡咯烷酮+ 50 wt%三甘醇组成的溶剂来净化对环境和人体健康有技术影响的油提取物成分，并使用红外光谱来评估油提取物溶剂提取的效率。
{"title":"IR spectroscopy for analysing solvent extraction efficiency of oil extracts","authors":"V. I. Zholnerkevich, E. Grushova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-673-680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-673-680","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent extraction is a method for purifying oil extracts, which are used as oil-plasticisers for industrial rubber goods, from cancerogenic hydrocarbons. The efficiency of this method is mainly determined by the selectivity and solvent properties of a separating agent. However, when carrying out a comparative analysis of promising extraction methods, it is necessary to use real-time methods for studying the composition of the resulting products. The purification efficiency of oil extracts from polycyclic aromatic components, including carcinogenic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, etc.), was evaluated depending upon the nature of selective solvents. The structure-group composition of the purified oil extracts and those at the second-stage of purification was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the extraction efficiency of the studied solvents towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from oil extracts increases in the following order: dimethyl sulfoxide < N-methylpyrrolidone + 10 wt% ethylene glycol <N-methylpyrrolidone +50 wt% triethylene glycol. When using a solvent comprising N-methylpyrrolidone + 50 wt% triethylene glycol, the proportion of polyalkyl-substituted and condensed aromatic structures in the purified oil extract decreases by 16.8%; the oil extract yield increases by over 25 wt% in contrast to extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone + ethylene glycol mixture, which meets the requirements of the European Union for oil extract purification (Directive No. 2005/69/EC). Therefore, we recommend the solvent comprising N-methylpyrrolidone + 50 wt% triethylene glycol for purifying oil extracts from components having a technogenic impact on the environment and human health and IR spectroscopy for efficiency assessment of solvent extraction of oil extracts.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87379463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-642-650
Y. Matveev, E. Averyanova
The limited use of plant proteins for food is explained by their low bioavailability and poor digestibility by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Partially reproduced enzymatic processes of limited proteolysis that occur during seed germination are used to modify and improve the edibility characteristics of seed proteins. The present work discusses the possibility of reducing the duration of seed germination processes by optimising the conditions and parameters of limited proteolysis. To optimise manufacturing high-quality final product, enzymes (additional to the natural enzymes in the seed) and proteolysis conditions (in this case, temperature), as well as added substances (hydrolysis activators), were selected. The influence of cysteine on the formation of domain structures of proteins (enzymes and globulins) was evaluated. The proposed expressions can be used to determine those fragments of protein molecules that form stable domains and become unstructured when exposed to enzymes. Optimal conditions for limited proteolysis were identified based on the physical mechanism of action of papain-like proteolytic enzymes on pea legumin LegA (3KSC, CAA10722). It is shown that the decomposition of protein secondary structures takes 6–8 times longer, since the formed hydrogen bonds limit the access of enzymes to the corresponding amino-acid residues. It is also demonstrated that the decomposition of hydrogen bonds, e.g. by preliminary heat treatment of proteins, will broaden the prospects for limited proteolysis.
{"title":"The role of cysteine in the formation of domain structures of papain and legumin in peas, involved in limited proteolysis","authors":"Y. Matveev, E. Averyanova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-642-650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-642-650","url":null,"abstract":"The limited use of plant proteins for food is explained by their low bioavailability and poor digestibility by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Partially reproduced enzymatic processes of limited proteolysis that occur during seed germination are used to modify and improve the edibility characteristics of seed proteins. The present work discusses the possibility of reducing the duration of seed germination processes by optimising the conditions and parameters of limited proteolysis. To optimise manufacturing high-quality final product, enzymes (additional to the natural enzymes in the seed) and proteolysis conditions (in this case, temperature), as well as added substances (hydrolysis activators), were selected. The influence of cysteine on the formation of domain structures of proteins (enzymes and globulins) was evaluated. The proposed expressions can be used to determine those fragments of protein molecules that form stable domains and become unstructured when exposed to enzymes. Optimal conditions for limited proteolysis were identified based on the physical mechanism of action of papain-like proteolytic enzymes on pea legumin LegA (3KSC, CAA10722). It is shown that the decomposition of protein secondary structures takes 6–8 times longer, since the formed hydrogen bonds limit the access of enzymes to the corresponding amino-acid residues. It is also demonstrated that the decomposition of hydrogen bonds, e.g. by preliminary heat treatment of proteins, will broaden the prospects for limited proteolysis.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74095167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-627-641
A. Nechiporenko, O. Vezo, U. Nechiporenko, L. Plotnikova, V. Sitnikova, P. I. Ukraintseva, P. P. Plotnikov
115 samples of honey of various botanical types, geographical origin and harvest year (2019– 2021) were analysed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy of impaired total reflection, refractometry and biochemical analysis. Initial honey samples in liquid and crystallised states were investigated. Crystalline D-glucopyranose (glucose), D-fructopyranose (fructose), their 40% solutions and invert sugar were used as auxiliary substances. Biochemical analysis was used to determine the glucose content in honey samples. Based on the obtained data, a relationship between the results of biochemical analysis and refractometry (refractive index, the content of invert sugars, humidity) was established. We deduced equations that allow the content of glucose and fructose in honey to be evaluated by the refractive index. Studying honey by IR spectroscopy showed that all investigated samples, regardless of the botanical and geographical origins, can be classified into three groups dominated by: I – glucose, II – fructose and III – mixed, with a close content of two monosaccharides. This allowed the bands characteristic of α- and β-pyranose forms of glucose and fructose to be identified, as well as the nature of their changes depending on the ratio of both monosaccharides in honey as a result of their crystallisation to be assessed. It is noted that the ratio of monosaccharides determines not only the stability of the liquid crystal structure and crystallisation rate in honey but also their optical, biochemical and nutritional properties, which are important for the preferred use of honey in medical and pharmacopoeial practice, dietetics and cosmetology.
{"title":"Optical properties of honey: FTIR spectroscopy and refractometry","authors":"A. Nechiporenko, O. Vezo, U. Nechiporenko, L. Plotnikova, V. Sitnikova, P. I. Ukraintseva, P. P. Plotnikov","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-627-641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-627-641","url":null,"abstract":"115 samples of honey of various botanical types, geographical origin and harvest year (2019– 2021) were analysed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy of impaired total reflection, refractometry and biochemical analysis. Initial honey samples in liquid and crystallised states were investigated. Crystalline D-glucopyranose (glucose), D-fructopyranose (fructose), their 40% solutions and invert sugar were used as auxiliary substances. Biochemical analysis was used to determine the glucose content in honey samples. Based on the obtained data, a relationship between the results of biochemical analysis and refractometry (refractive index, the content of invert sugars, humidity) was established. We deduced equations that allow the content of glucose and fructose in honey to be evaluated by the refractive index. Studying honey by IR spectroscopy showed that all investigated samples, regardless of the botanical and geographical origins, can be classified into three groups dominated by: I – glucose, II – fructose and III – mixed, with a close content of two monosaccharides. This allowed the bands characteristic of α- and β-pyranose forms of glucose and fructose to be identified, as well as the nature of their changes depending on the ratio of both monosaccharides in honey as a result of their crystallisation to be assessed. It is noted that the ratio of monosaccharides determines not only the stability of the liquid crystal structure and crystallisation rate in honey but also their optical, biochemical and nutritional properties, which are important for the preferred use of honey in medical and pharmacopoeial practice, dietetics and cosmetology.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86937483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-561-569
Yu. L. Gordeeva, B. Ul’yanov, E. L. Gordeeva
The paper describes a theoretical basis developed for estimating the parameters of a steady-state biotechnological process characterized by nonlinear microorganism growth kinetics. This study aimed to obtain a common methodological basis for estimating input parameters that determine actual technology implementation, taking into account all possible restrictions on the concentration of incoming substrate Sf (g/l) and dilution rate D (h-1 ). The theory development was based on a mathematical model describing one of the most common processes of lactic acid production. This mathematical model includes three mass balance equations (for biomass, substrate, and product), as well as an equation of microorganism growth kinetics. The study established relations for calculating the ultimate value of the dilution rate D ult at a given Sf , relations for the maximum and minimum values of Sf , as well as Sf and D providing the maximum productivity value QP, g/(l·h), where QP = PD (P – product concentration, g/l). These relations were designed to calculate the parameters of possible process implementation for two options at the same value of QP: two values of D calculated for a given Sf and two values of Sf calculated for a given D. A numerical experiment is described using the constants of the mathematical model confirmed by foreign studies. This numerical experiment is illustrated using an Sf-D dependence pattern determining an acceptable value range for Sf and D, with the separate calculation of parameters according to Sf sections. For each of these sections, calculation formulas are provided. It is concluded that the developed theoretical basis is sufficiently general in nature to be applied to biotechnological processes that involve other kinetic relations, as well as microorganism strains creating by-products and using raw materials that are employed to reproduce the substrate in the process of synthesis.
{"title":"Estimation of parameters characterizing a steady-state synthesis process with nonlinear microorganism growth kinetics","authors":"Yu. L. Gordeeva, B. Ul’yanov, E. L. Gordeeva","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-561-569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-561-569","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a theoretical basis developed for estimating the parameters of a steady-state biotechnological process characterized by nonlinear microorganism growth kinetics. This study aimed to obtain a common methodological basis for estimating input parameters that determine actual technology implementation, taking into account all possible restrictions on the concentration of incoming substrate Sf (g/l) and dilution rate D (h-1 ). The theory development was based on a mathematical model describing one of the most common processes of lactic acid production. This mathematical model includes three mass balance equations (for biomass, substrate, and product), as well as an equation of microorganism growth kinetics. The study established relations for calculating the ultimate value of the dilution rate D ult at a given Sf , relations for the maximum and minimum values of Sf , as well as Sf and D providing the maximum productivity value QP, g/(l·h), where QP = PD (P – product concentration, g/l). These relations were designed to calculate the parameters of possible process implementation for two options at the same value of QP: two values of D calculated for a given Sf and two values of Sf calculated for a given D. A numerical experiment is described using the constants of the mathematical model confirmed by foreign studies. This numerical experiment is illustrated using an Sf-D dependence pattern determining an acceptable value range for Sf and D, with the separate calculation of parameters according to Sf sections. For each of these sections, calculation formulas are provided. It is concluded that the developed theoretical basis is sufficiently general in nature to be applied to biotechnological processes that involve other kinetic relations, as well as microorganism strains creating by-products and using raw materials that are employed to reproduce the substrate in the process of synthesis.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-570-580
I. Ukolova, I. Kondratov, M. A. Kondakova, I. Lyubushkina, O. I. Grabelnykh, G. Borovskii
Studies into mitochondrial сomplexomes in various organisms provide an insight into the native organization of proteins and metabolic pathways in the organelles of the subject under study. “Complexome” is a relatively recent concept describing the proteome of protein complexes, supercomplexes, and oligomeric proteins. Complexome analysis is performed using current electrophoretic and mass spectrometric techniques, in particular, by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS). Unlike 2D IEF/SDS-PAGE, this method enables analysis of not only hydrophilic proteins of the mitochondrial matrix, but also membrane proteins and their associations, thus expanding the possibilities of studying the organelle proteome. In the present work, the complexome of etiolated pea shoots was studied for the first time using 2D BN/SDS-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, 145 protein spots excised from the gel were analyzed; 110 polypeptides were identified and assigned to different functional groups. A densitometric analysis revealed that the major protein group comprised the enzymes of the mitochondrial energy system (1), accounting for an average of 43% of the total polypeptide content. The remaining 57% was primarily distributed among the following functional categories: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and citric acid cycle (2); amino acid metabolism (3); nucleic acid processing (4); protein folding (5); antioxidant protection (6); carrier proteins (7); other proteins (8); proteins having unknown functions (9). The obtained data indicate the complex organization of the pea proteome. In addition to the enzymes of the OXPHOS system, the proteins of other functional categories are found to form supramolecular structures. It is suggested that the presence of proteins from other cellular compartments may indicate the interaction of mitochondria with the enzymes or structures of corresponding organelles. In general, the obtained data on the pea complexome represent a kind of a mitochondrial “passport” that reflects the native state of the proteome of organelles corresponding to their physiological status.
{"title":"Mitochondrial сomplexome of etiolated pea shoots","authors":"I. Ukolova, I. Kondratov, M. A. Kondakova, I. Lyubushkina, O. I. Grabelnykh, G. Borovskii","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-570-580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-570-580","url":null,"abstract":"Studies into mitochondrial сomplexomes in various organisms provide an insight into the native organization of proteins and metabolic pathways in the organelles of the subject under study. “Complexome” is a relatively recent concept describing the proteome of protein complexes, supercomplexes, and oligomeric proteins. Complexome analysis is performed using current electrophoretic and mass spectrometric techniques, in particular, by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS). Unlike 2D IEF/SDS-PAGE, this method enables analysis of not only hydrophilic proteins of the mitochondrial matrix, but also membrane proteins and their associations, thus expanding the possibilities of studying the organelle proteome. In the present work, the complexome of etiolated pea shoots was studied for the first time using 2D BN/SDS-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, 145 protein spots excised from the gel were analyzed; 110 polypeptides were identified and assigned to different functional groups. A densitometric analysis revealed that the major protein group comprised the enzymes of the mitochondrial energy system (1), accounting for an average of 43% of the total polypeptide content. The remaining 57% was primarily distributed among the following functional categories: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and citric acid cycle (2); amino acid metabolism (3); nucleic acid processing (4); protein folding (5); antioxidant protection (6); carrier proteins (7); other proteins (8); proteins having unknown functions (9). The obtained data indicate the complex organization of the pea proteome. In addition to the enzymes of the OXPHOS system, the proteins of other functional categories are found to form supramolecular structures. It is suggested that the presence of proteins from other cellular compartments may indicate the interaction of mitochondria with the enzymes or structures of corresponding organelles. In general, the obtained data on the pea complexome represent a kind of a mitochondrial “passport” that reflects the native state of the proteome of organelles corresponding to their physiological status.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81592874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-603-616
Yu. O. Nekrasova, O. Mezenova, J. Moersel
Low-molecular peptides of collagen origin are of crucial importance for the body metabolism. This work aims to substantiate the use of the hydrolysates of collagen-containing fish raw materials (scale) for protein sports nutrition. Sublimated low-molecular weight peptide water-soluble and dried water-insoluble protein-mineral supplements from the sardine scale were obtained by enzymatic thermal hydrolysis. The biopotential of scale and auxiliary food additives (apple pomace, flaxseed cake, pine nuts) was investigated using standard methods. The protein content and amino acid composition of the peptide supplement and the mineral composition of the protein-mineral supplement were analysed; their high biopotential according to the above criteria was shown. The peptide supplement contains all essential amino acids having a biological value of 59.9%. The protein-mineral supplement contains no tryptophan but a high amount of calcium (22.2 g/100 g) and phosphorus (12.0 g/100 g). The high content of functional food ingredients (protein, pectin, cellulose, polyphenols, minerals, vitamin C) in auxiliary vegetable raw materials was shown. The shape of a sports nutrition product (chocolate glazed protein bar) was substantiated. The basic recipe of a 60 g protein bar having the required protein content, a given structure and high consumer properties was established. Having a protein content of 23.5%, the bar provides a 24.1% calorific value, which corresponds to the "protein-rich food" for sports nutrition according to GOST 34006-2016. The biological protein value in the bar increased relative to the peptide supplement by 12% and amounted to 71.38%. The developed protein sports nutrition bar is dietary balanced by the content of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, methionine and cystine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, tryptophan, lysine, threonine, alanine, arginine, histidine, glycine, carnosine, taurine, ornithine, citrulline), fibre, polyphenols, calcium and phosphorus and is recommended for athletes and people having an active lifestyle.
{"title":"Biopotential of collagen-containing hydrolysates obtained from fish raw materials for protein sports nutrition","authors":"Yu. O. Nekrasova, O. Mezenova, J. Moersel","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-603-616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-603-616","url":null,"abstract":"Low-molecular peptides of collagen origin are of crucial importance for the body metabolism. This work aims to substantiate the use of the hydrolysates of collagen-containing fish raw materials (scale) for protein sports nutrition. Sublimated low-molecular weight peptide water-soluble and dried water-insoluble protein-mineral supplements from the sardine scale were obtained by enzymatic thermal hydrolysis. The biopotential of scale and auxiliary food additives (apple pomace, flaxseed cake, pine nuts) was investigated using standard methods. The protein content and amino acid composition of the peptide supplement and the mineral composition of the protein-mineral supplement were analysed; their high biopotential according to the above criteria was shown. The peptide supplement contains all essential amino acids having a biological value of 59.9%. The protein-mineral supplement contains no tryptophan but a high amount of calcium (22.2 g/100 g) and phosphorus (12.0 g/100 g). The high content of functional food ingredients (protein, pectin, cellulose, polyphenols, minerals, vitamin C) in auxiliary vegetable raw materials was shown. The shape of a sports nutrition product (chocolate glazed protein bar) was substantiated. The basic recipe of a 60 g protein bar having the required protein content, a given structure and high consumer properties was established. Having a protein content of 23.5%, the bar provides a 24.1% calorific value, which corresponds to the \"protein-rich food\" for sports nutrition according to GOST 34006-2016. The biological protein value in the bar increased relative to the peptide supplement by 12% and amounted to 71.38%. The developed protein sports nutrition bar is dietary balanced by the content of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, methionine and cystine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, tryptophan, lysine, threonine, alanine, arginine, histidine, glycine, carnosine, taurine, ornithine, citrulline), fibre, polyphenols, calcium and phosphorus and is recommended for athletes and people having an active lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89066919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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