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Antioxidant properties of medicinal plants and their effect on microbial spoilage of semi-finished meat, poultry and fish 药用植物的抗氧化特性及其对半成品肉、禽、鱼微生物腐败的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-08 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-590-602
Наталья Борисовна Еремеева, Надежда Викторовна Макарова, N. Eremeeva, Nadezhda V. Makarova
Plant extracts rich in polyphenols can be used in the food industry as natural preservatives, extending the shelf life of prepared and semi-finished foods without chemical preservatives. In this paper, we investigate the polyphenolic composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties of herbal extracts as part of food systems. The research objects were knot grass (Polýgonum aviculáre), marjoram (Oríganum), bur beggar-ticks (Bídenstripartíta), thyme (Thymus), whortleberry leaves (Vaccínium ida vítis), calendula (Calendula), sage (Salvia), chamomile flowers (Matricāriachamomīlla), eucalyptus (Eucalýptus) and bearberry (Arctostáphylosúva-úrsi). We determined the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids; the antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods; variations in the bacterial сontamination of animal raw materials over total bacterial count (TBC), coliform bacteria, yeast/fungi, salmonella and staphylococcus. Extracts of sage (1138±57 mg GA/100 g and 537±25 mg C/100 g), eucalyptus (1073±49 mg GA/100 g and 412±20 mg C/100 g), chamomile flowers (1002±36 mg GA/100 g and 493±22 mg C/100 g) and marjoram (1015±42 mg GA/100 g and 458±21 mg C/100 g) contain the largest amount of biologically active substances (phenols and flavonoids, respectively). Sage, eucalyptus and chamomile extracts demonstrate the highest antioxidant activity among the studied samples. Most of the studied extracts exhibit little or no effect on the organoleptic properties of finished products. In addition, chamomile flower, sage and eucalyptus extracts suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in foods under experimental conditions. The microflora growth is significantly reduced when treating animal raw materials with calendula flowers, marjoram and thyme extracts. Extracts of sage, chamomile flowers, calendula flowers, marjoram and thyme can be recommended as components of food raw materials.
富含多酚的植物提取物可作为天然防腐剂应用于食品工业,在不使用化学防腐剂的情况下延长成品和半成品食品的保质期。在本文中,我们研究了作为食品系统一部分的草药提取物的多酚成分、抗氧化活性和抗菌性能。研究对象为结草(Polýgonum aviculáre)、马郁兰(Oríganum)、刺虱(Bídenstripartíta)、百里香(Thymus)、黑荆叶(Vaccínium ida vítis)、金盏菊(calendula)、鼠尾草(Salvia)、洋甘菊(Matricāriachamomīlla)、桉树(Eucalýptus)、熊果(Arctostáphylosúva-úrsi)。测定了黄酮类和酚类化合物的总含量;DPPH法和FRAP法测定其抗氧化活性;动物原料的细菌污染随细菌总数(TBC)、大肠菌群、酵母/真菌、沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌的变化。鼠尾草(1138±57 mg GA/100 g和537±25 mg C/100 g)、桉树(1073±49 mg GA/100 g和412±20 mg C/100 g)、洋甘菊(1002±36 mg GA/100 g和493±22 mg C/100 g)和马郁兰(1015±42 mg GA/100 g和458±21 mg C/100 g)的提取物中含有最多的生物活性物质(分别为酚类和黄酮类)。鼠尾草、桉树和洋甘菊提取物在研究样本中显示出最高的抗氧化活性。大多数所研究的提取物对成品的感官特性几乎没有影响。此外,在实验条件下,洋甘菊、鼠尾草和桉树提取物抑制了食品中病原微生物的生长。当用金盏花、马郁兰和百里香提取物处理动物原料时,微生物群的生长明显减少。鼠尾草、洋甘菊、金盏花、马郁兰和百里香的提取物可以推荐作为食品原料的成分。
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引用次数: 0
Veterinary drug Trametin obtained on the basis of Trametes pubescens xylotroph fungi: its effect on the biosynthesis of interferons and its prophylactic activity against calf respiratory diseases 从毛毡木营养真菌中提取的兽药曲霉素:对干扰素生物合成的影响及其对小牛呼吸道疾病的预防作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-08 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-581-589
V. Chkhenkeli
Given the spread of bacterial and viral diseases in young farm animals, the use of interferons and drugs to stimulate their biosynthesis has gained relevance. In a previous study, we examined the effect of a veterinary drug Trametin produced on the basis of Trametes pubescens (Shumach.: Fr.) Pilat. on the biosynthesis of interferons in the blood of mice. The present work is aimed at studying the biosynthesis dynamics of α- and γ-interferons when using Trametin and studying its prophylactic activity in calves. It is shown that a single oral administration of Trametin in doses ranging from 15 to 60 mg/kg causes a dose-dependent induction and production of γ-interferon in the blood of mice, whose maximum content reaches 1337.0±93.0 pg/mL at 48 h after administering a dose of 30 mg/kg. With a Trametin dose increase from 15 to 30 mg/kg, the level of α-interferon production rises to 1388.0±84.0 pg/mL at 48 h after administration. At a Cycloferon dose of 4.5 mg/kg, the production level of α-interferon and γ-interferon amounts to 1455.47±84.2 and 1447.0±90.0 pg/mL, respectively. The immunostimulatory properties of Trametin are confirmed by a scientific and economic experiment conducted using immunocompromised calves. In our studies, an immunological test of calf blood performed prior to and following the administration of Trimetin and Cycloferon constitutes criteria for the prophylactic activity of these drugs. The prophylactic efficacy of Trametin is confirmed by an increase in phagocytic activity by 10.5%, phagocytic index by 61.8%, and phagocytic number by 52.8%. After Trametin administration, the bactericidal activity of the serum increases by 60%. Cycloferon exhibits a similar immunostimulatory effect. Nonspecific prophylaxis using Trametin is shown to reduce the incidence of bacterial and viral respiratory diseases in young calves and generally improve their immunity.
鉴于细菌和病毒性疾病在年轻农场动物中的传播,使用干扰素和药物来刺激它们的生物合成已具有相关性。在之前的一项研究中,我们检测了一种兽药tramametin的作用,这种兽药是基于短毛线虫(Trametes pubescens, Shumach)生产的。(彼拉特)小鼠血液中干扰素的生物合成。本研究旨在研究曲霉素对犊牛α-和γ-干扰素的生物合成动力学,并研究曲霉素对犊牛的预防作用。结果表明,单次口服剂量为15 ~ 60 mg/kg的曲美汀可引起小鼠血液中γ-干扰素的产生和剂量依赖性,在给药剂量为30 mg/kg后48 h, γ-干扰素的含量达到1337.0±93.0 pg/mL。当曲美汀剂量从15 mg/kg增加到30 mg/kg时,给药后48 h α-干扰素产生水平上升至1388.0±84.0 pg/mL。在环铁素剂量为4.5 mg/kg时,α-干扰素和γ-干扰素的分泌水平分别为1455.47±84.2和1447.0±90.0 pg/mL。用免疫功能低下的小牛进行的科学和经济实验证实了曲明的免疫刺激特性。在我们的研究中,在服用曲美汀和环铁前后进行的小牛血液免疫测试构成了这些药物预防活性的标准。通过吞噬活性提高10.5%,吞噬指数提高61.8%,吞噬数提高52.8%,证实了曲美汀的预防作用。曲美汀给药后,血清的杀菌活性提高60%。环铁素具有类似的免疫刺激作用。使用曲美汀的非特异性预防已被证明可以减少幼犊细菌和病毒性呼吸道疾病的发病率,并普遍提高它们的免疫力。
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引用次数: 0
Agglutination processes of activated sludge cultures induced by extracellular lectins 细胞外凝集素诱导活性污泥培养物的凝集过程
Pub Date : 2022-01-08 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-617-626
A. Kobelev, S. V. Klement’ev, A. Sirotkin
We examine the agglutinating ability of five compounds, namely, A1, A2, A3, A4 and BS1, isolated from activated sludge on selective media typical of a number of dominant microbial cultures that contribute to the formation of microbial aggregates. The morphological properties of the isolates and their lectin activity, as well as the physiological and biochemical properties of individual isolates were studied; microorganisms in their composition were identified. We assessed the capacity of the isolates under study to synthesize an exopolysaccharide matrix, as well as the sedimentation of activated sludge under the action of the native solution and culture liquid of the BS1 isolate. Based on their capacity to agglutinate, the BS1 and A2 isolates were selected for further research as producers of extracellular lectins and objects of agglutination, respectively. The biophysiochemical properties and molecular-genetic identification of the BS1 isolate allowed the degree of identity with r. Bacillus to be defined (96.19%); for the A2 isolate, 92.93% identity with p. Shigella and p. Escherichia was determined. To assess the capacity to synthesize a biofilm matrix, the BS1 and A2 isolates were cultivated on an agar nutrient solution using Congo Red dye. According to the obtained results, the isolates are capable of synthesizing an exopolysaccharide matrix, the main component of bacterial biofilms. The research results on the sedimentation of activated sludge induced by the native solution and culture liquid of BS1 showed the following. The sedimentation rate of activated sludge increased significantly at the beginning of the process upon adding a BS1 cell suspension, while the introduction of the native solution of BS1 intensified the process following 5 minutes of contact. The obtained experimental data suggest that the media containing extracellular bacterial lectins can be effectively used as a coagulant (flocculant) for the sedimentation of activated sludge.
我们研究了五种化合物的凝集能力,即A1, A2, A3, A4和BS1,它们是从活性污泥中分离出来的,这些化合物是在一些有利于微生物聚集形成的优势微生物培养物的典型选择培养基上分离出来的。研究了分离株的形态特征、凝集素活性以及单个分离株的生理生化特性;鉴定了其组成中的微生物。我们评估了所研究的分离物合成胞外多糖基质的能力,以及在BS1分离物的天然溶液和培养液的作用下活性污泥的沉降能力。根据其凝集能力,选择BS1和A2分离株分别作为细胞外凝集素的生产者和凝集对象进行进一步研究。BS1分离物的生物理化性质和分子遗传学鉴定使其与芽孢杆菌的同源度得到确定(96.19%);A2分离物与志贺氏杆菌和埃希氏杆菌的同源性为92.93%。为了评估合成生物膜基质的能力,将BS1和A2分离株培养在琼脂营养液中,并用刚果红染料进行培养。根据所得结果,分离菌株能够合成细菌生物膜的主要成分外多糖基质。BS1原生溶液和培养液诱导活性污泥沉降的研究结果如下:加入BS1细胞悬浮液后,活性污泥的沉降率在工艺开始时显著增加,而引入BS1原生溶液后,接触5分钟后,活性污泥的沉降率增强。实验结果表明,含有胞外细菌凝集素的培养基可以有效地作为活性污泥的混凝剂(絮凝剂)。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from Amomum muricarpum Elmer from North Vietnam 北越砂仁精油的化学成分及抑菌活性
Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-523-530
D. B. Thin, V. Thanh, B. B. Thinh, Ба Тхин, Ву Кует Тхань, Буй Бао Тхинь
Abstract. Recent years have seen the development of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics, which necessitates a search for new antimicrobial agents. Amomum muricarpum Elmer is a widely used medicinal plant species in the genus Amomum (family Zingiberaceae) that is commonly found in Laos, the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. The present article describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves and rhizomes of A. muricarpum from North Vietnam. The hydrodistilled essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with the broth microdilution method designed to evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy. The absolute yield of essential oils amounted to 0.11% and 0.13% (v/w) for leaves and rhizomes, respectively, on a dry weight basis. It was found that the leaves and rhizomes of A. muricarpum produce oils abounding in monoterpenes. Of the total identified volatile components in the leaf oil (97.18%), three main constituents include α-pinene (40.45%), linalool (12.34%), and β-pinene (10.31%). In the rhizome oil, the main constituents include α-pinene (48.10%), β-pinene (20.32%), and linalool (7.56%) of the total identified volatile components (98.08%). An antimicrobial activity test indicates that essential oils from the leaves and rhizome of A. muricarpum inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg/ml. In addition, the rhizome essential oil also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, with a MIC value of 200 µg/ml. The results indicate the potential of essential oils extracted from A. muricarpum as a source of antimicrobial agents.
摘要近年来,细菌对现有抗生素产生了耐药性,这就需要寻找新的抗微生物药物。砂仁(Amomum muricarpum Elmer)是一种广泛使用的药用植物,属于砂仁属(姜科),常见于老挝、菲律宾、中国和越南。本文研究了从越南北部产的木犀草叶和根茎中提取的精油的化学成分和抑菌活性。采用气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对水蒸馏精油进行分析,并设计肉汤微量稀释法评价其抑菌效果。以干重为基础,叶片和根茎精油的绝对得率分别为0.11%和0.13% (v/w)。结果表明,木犀草的叶和根茎中含有丰富的单萜类化合物。其中,α-蒎烯(40.45%)、芳樟醇(12.34%)和β-蒎烯(10.31%)为主要挥发性成分(97.18%)。在根茎油中,主要挥发性成分为α-蒎烯(48.10%)、β-蒎烯(20.32%)和芳樟醇(7.56%),占总挥发性成分的98.08%。抑菌活性试验表明,金针叶和根茎精油对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923的生长有抑制作用,最小抑制浓度(MIC)为200µg/ml。此外,根茎精油对蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 14579也有抑菌活性,MIC值为200µg/ml。结果表明,金针叶挥发油具有开发抗菌药物的潜力。
{"title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from Amomum muricarpum Elmer from North Vietnam","authors":"D. B. Thin, V. Thanh, B. B. Thinh, Ба Тхин, Ву Кует Тхань, Буй Бао Тхинь","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-523-530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-523-530","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recent years have seen the development of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics, which necessitates a search for new antimicrobial agents. Amomum muricarpum Elmer is a widely used medicinal plant species in the genus Amomum (family Zingiberaceae) that is commonly found in Laos, the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. The present article describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves and rhizomes of A. muricarpum from North Vietnam. The hydrodistilled essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with the broth microdilution method designed to evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy. The absolute yield of essential oils amounted to 0.11% and 0.13% (v/w) for leaves and rhizomes, respectively, on a dry weight basis. It was found that the leaves and rhizomes of A. muricarpum produce oils abounding in monoterpenes. Of the total identified volatile components in the leaf oil (97.18%), three main constituents include α-pinene (40.45%), linalool (12.34%), and β-pinene (10.31%). In the rhizome oil, the main constituents include α-pinene (48.10%), β-pinene (20.32%), and linalool (7.56%) of the total identified volatile components (98.08%). An antimicrobial activity test indicates that essential oils from the leaves and rhizome of A. muricarpum inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg/ml. In addition, the rhizome essential oil also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, with a MIC value of 200 µg/ml. The results indicate the potential of essential oils extracted from A. muricarpum as a source of antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81692845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Synthesis and crystal structure of cytotoxic copper(II) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and isothiazole derivative 1,10-菲罗啉-5,6-二酮及异噻唑衍生物细胞毒性铜(II)配合物的合成及晶体结构
Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-531-539
Yulia A. Golubeva, K. S. Smirnova, L. Klyushova, V. Potkin, E. Lider
Oligopyridine based copper(II) complexes are of interest to scientists as possible anticancer agents due to promising cytotoxic and DNA binding/cleaving properties. In this study, copper(II) complex [Cu(phendione)L2]·C2H5OH with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and 4,5-dichloro-isothiazole-3-carboxylic acid (HL) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. According to X-ray diffraction data, obtained compound is mononuclear complex with square pyramidal coordination environment of the central atom which is surrounded by two isothiazolate molecules and one phendione ligand. The X-ray diffraction data are confirmed by IR-spectroscopy data showing the presence of characteristic stretching vibration bands of the carbonyl and carboxyl groups of oligopyridine ligand and isothiazolate ions, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for complex were carried out using the ADF software package to perform geometry optimization and frequency calculations that were in a good agreement with experimental IR spectrum. Cytotoxicity of complex and initial reagents was tested in vitro against HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The complex showed high dose-dependent cytotoxic activity with the IC50 values of 0.60±0.03 µM and 0.96±0.13 µM, respectively, which is higher than the activity of cisplatin against these cell lines. The activity of the complex is due to the presence of phendione ligand, which exhibits a similar cytotoxic activity.
基于低聚吡啶的铜(II)配合物由于具有良好的细胞毒性和DNA结合/切割特性而成为科学家们感兴趣的可能的抗癌剂。本文合成了铜(II)配合物[Cu(phendione)L2]·C2H5OH与1,10-菲罗啉-5,6-二酮(phendione)和4,5-二氯异噻唑-3-羧酸(HL)配合物,并用元素分析、红外光谱、x射线粉末衍射和单晶x射线衍射对其进行了表征。根据x射线衍射数据,得到的化合物为单核配合物,其中心原子为两个异噻唑酸分子和一个苯二酮配体所包围的方锥体配位环境。红外光谱数据证实了x射线衍射数据,表明低聚吡啶配体的羰基和羧基以及异噻唑盐离子分别存在特征伸缩振动带。利用ADF软件包对复合体进行密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,进行几何优化和频率计算,结果与实验红外光谱吻合较好。体外测试了复合物和初始试剂对HepG2(人肝细胞癌)和MCF-7(人乳腺腺癌)细胞系的细胞毒性。该复合物显示出高剂量依赖性的细胞毒活性,IC50值分别为0.60±0.03µM和0.96±0.13µM,高于顺铂对这些细胞系的活性。该复合物的活性是由于苯二酮配体的存在,其表现出类似的细胞毒性活性。
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引用次数: 0
Development and testing of procedures for detecting HPV 6 and HPV 16 DNA in water samples 开发和测试水样中HPV 6和HPV 16 DNA检测程序
Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-540-548
A. Stolbikov, R. Salyaev, N. Rekoslavskaya
The present study aims to develop and test procedures for detecting the DNA of dangerous human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 6 and 16 in water samples. The conserved segments of HPV 6 L1 and HPV 16 L1 nucleic acid sequences were studied using bioinformatic methods with the help of the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database and the BioEdit program. A total of 135 nucleic acid sequences of HPV6 L1 and 945 nucleic acid sequences of HPV16 L1 were examined. Five pairs of specific primers were developed for the identified conserved segments of nucleic acid sequences using specialized programs (PerlPrimer v.1.1.21, FastPCR 6.6, and Primer3Plus). In addition, several procedures for collecting samples from various water bodies located near Listvyanka settlement (Lake Baikal) were tested. The samples were subjected to comprehensive purification from insoluble particles and bacterial contamination to be tested for the presence of HPV DNA via PCR analysis using primers complementary to the nucleic acid sequences of HPV6 L1 and HPV16 L1. The conducted studies revealed HPV 6 and HPV 16 DNA in the water samples. Due to the use of the developed and tested procedures for collecting and examining samples from various water sources in the Baikal Natural Territory followed by a PCR analysis, it was possible to detect the presence of dangerous viruses. The proposed procedure of testing water samples for the presence of HPV can be useful in developing effective monitoring of water bodies and wastewater both in Baikal and other regions.
本研究旨在开发和测试检测水样中危险的人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV) 6型和16型DNA的程序。在NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)数据库和BioEdit程序的帮助下,采用生物信息学方法研究了HPV 6l1和HPV 16l1核酸序列的保守片段。共检测了135个HPV6 L1核酸序列和945个HPV16 L1核酸序列。利用专用程序(PerlPrimer v.1.1.21、FastPCR 6.6和Primer3Plus)对鉴定出的核酸序列保守片段开发5对特异性引物。此外,还测试了从Listvyanka定居点(贝加尔湖)附近的各种水体中收集样本的几种程序。对样品进行不溶性颗粒和细菌污染的全面纯化,利用与HPV6 L1和HPV16 L1核酸序列互补的引物进行PCR分析,检测HPV DNA的存在。所进行的研究显示,水样中含有HPV 6和HPV 16 DNA。由于使用了开发和测试的程序,从贝加尔湖自然领土的各种水源收集和检查样本,然后进行聚合酶链反应分析,因此有可能检测到危险病毒的存在。拟议的检测水样是否存在HPV的程序可用于对贝加尔湖和其他地区的水体和废水进行有效监测。
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引用次数: 1
Interactions in ternary bismuth-containing molybdate systems M2MoO4-Bi2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2 in the subsolidus region 三元含铋钼酸盐体系M2MoO4-Bi2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2在亚固相区的相互作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-4-508-516
J. Bazarova, A. V. Logvinova, B. Bazarov
A fundamental problem in materials science consists in establishing a relationship between the chemical composition, structure, and properties of materials. This issue can be solved through the study of multicomponent systems and the directed synthesis of promising compounds. Of practical interest here are active dielectrics that are based on complex oxide compounds, specifically molybdates. Among complex molybdates and tungstates, ternary caged molybdates of the following structural types are of greatest importance: nasicon, perovskite, langbeinite, etc. Due to their widely varying elemental and quantitative compositions, such molybdates are convenient models for structural and chemical design, as well as the establishment of “composition–structure– properties” genetic relationships. Bismuth-containing complex molybdate systems exhibit the formation of phases having ferro-piezoelectric, ionic, and other properties. In this work, the Rb2MoO4–Bi2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 ter nary salt system was studied for the first time using the method of intersecting sections in the subsolidus region (450–650 ℃). To this end, quasibinary sections were identified; triangulation was performed. Ternary molybdates Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6 and Rb2BiZr2(MoO4)6,5 were formed in the system using a ceramic technology. These compounds are isostructural to the previously obtained REE molybdates (M5LnZr(MoO4)6) but contain trivalent bismuth instead of rare earth elements. The structure of Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6 was adjusted via the Rietveld refinement technique using the TOPAS 4.2 software package. The ternary molybdate crystallizes in a trigonal system, with the following unit cell parameters of the R`3c space group: a = 10.7756(2) and c = 39.0464(7) Å. According to the studies of thermal properties exhibited by M5BiZr(MoO4)6, these ternary molybdates undergo the first-order phase transition in the temperature range of 450–600 ºC. The IR and Raman spectra of M5BiZr(MoO4)6 reveal the crystallization of ternary molybdates in the R`3c space group. The conducted comparative characterization of M2MoO4–Bi2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 phase diagrams suggests that the phase equilibria of these systems depend on the nature of molybdates of monovalent elements.
材料科学的一个基本问题在于建立材料的化学组成、结构和性能之间的关系。这一问题可以通过研究多组分体系和定向合成有前途的化合物来解决。这里有实际意义的是基于复合氧化物的活性电介质,特别是钼酸盐。在复配钼酸盐和钨酸盐中,最重要的是以下结构类型的三元笼型钼酸盐:钠钛矿、钙钛矿、朗白矿等。由于这些钼酸盐的元素组成和数量组成差异很大,因此它们是结构和化学设计以及建立“成分-结构-性质”遗传关系的方便模型。含铋络合钼酸盐体系表现出具有铁压电、离子和其他性质的相的形成。本文首次在固相区(450 ~ 650℃)采用相交截面法对Rb2MoO4-Bi2 (MoO4) 3-Zr (MoO4)2三元盐体系进行了研究。为此,鉴定了准二元剖面;进行三角测量。采用陶瓷技术在体系中制备了三元钼酸盐Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6和Rb2BiZr2(MoO4)6,5。这些化合物与先前获得的稀土钼酸盐(M5LnZr(MoO4)6)是同构的,但含有三价铋而不是稀土元素。利用TOPAS 4.2软件包对Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6的结构进行Rietveld细化技术调整。三元钼酸盐为三角晶系,其R ' 3c空间群的晶胞参数为:a = 10.7756(2), c = 39.0464(7) Å。根据M5BiZr(MoO4)6的热性能研究,这些三元钼酸盐在450 ~ 600℃的温度范围内发生了一级相变。M5BiZr(MoO4)6的红外和拉曼光谱揭示了三元钼酸盐在R ' 3c空间群中的结晶过程。对M2MoO4-Bi2 (MoO4) 3-Zr (MoO4)2相图的对比表征表明,这些体系的相平衡取决于单价元素钼酸盐的性质。
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引用次数: 1
Obtaining a nanosized silica-humic preparation and its initial approbation 纳米硅-腐殖质的制备及其初步评价
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-421-429
Yu. D. Smirnova, G. Rabinovich, N. Fomicheva
Abstract: The recent decades have witnessed a significant development and implementation of nanotechnology, including in various branches of agriculture. There is an active search for ways to obtain preparations for plant growing with nanoparticles that can be more rapidly involved in the metabolic processes of plants. This article aims to obtain a nanosized silica-humic preparation and its approbation on potato plants. As a source of humic substances, a liquid humic preparation BoGum (developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands) was used, as a source of silicon – sodium metasilicate. Ultrasonic dispersion method was used for achieving the nanoscale of the samples. A silicon source was introduced in an amount of 0.1% (of SiO2) into BoGum, followed by the application of ultrasonic action for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The analysis of the obtained samples using a 90 Plus/MAS particle size analyzer has shown that with increasing dispersion time, the effective particle diameter changed insignificantly. At the same time, a redistribution of particles was noted: when the samples were exposed for 20 minutes, the number of smaller particles increased. After 5 minutes of treatment, the range of particle distribution was 115±13–830±23 nm, after 20 minutes of exposure, the particle diameter fell into two regions: 81±8–120±10 and 280±4–470±18 nm. Ultrasonic action contributed to the retention of the stable state of aggregation of the obtained preparation, larger microbiological activity and larger content of humic acid in comparison with the silica-humic preparation, obtained without the application of an ultrasound. The new nanosized silica-humic preparation has been tested on potato plants. Treatment of tubers before planting, followed by foliar spraying of vegetative plants, has contributed to an increase in potato yield by 18.7%. Changes were noted in the content of mono- and polysilicic acids in the soil, as well as the accumulation of silicon in the tops of potatoes when using silicahumic preparations by 0.96% of absolute dry mass on average.
摘要:近几十年来,纳米技术的发展和应用取得了重大进展,包括在农业的各个领域。人们一直在积极寻找利用纳米颗粒制备植物生长制剂的方法,以更快地参与植物的代谢过程。本文旨在获得一种纳米二氧化硅-腐殖质制剂及其在马铃薯上的应用。作为腐植酸物质的来源,液体腐植酸制剂BoGum(由全俄开垦土地研究所开发)被用作硅-硅酸钠的来源。采用超声分散法实现了样品的纳米级。在BoGum中加入0.1% (SiO2)的硅源,然后应用超声波作用5、10、15和20分钟。使用90 Plus/MAS粒度分析仪对所得样品进行分析表明,随着分散时间的增加,有效粒径变化不显著。同时,颗粒的重新分布也被注意到:当样品暴露20分钟时,小颗粒的数量增加了。处理5分钟后,颗粒分布范围为115±13-830±23 nm,处理20分钟后,颗粒直径下降到81±8-120±10 nm和280±4-470±18 nm两个区域。超声波作用有助于所获得的制剂保持稳定的聚集状态,与不使用超声波的硅-腐植酸制剂相比,获得了更大的微生物活性和更大的腐植酸含量。新型纳米二氧化硅-腐殖质制剂已在马铃薯上进行了试验。种植前对块茎进行处理,然后对营养植物进行叶面喷施,马铃薯产量提高了18.7%。土壤中单硅酸和聚硅酸含量的变化,以及马铃薯顶部硅的积累,当施用硅腐殖剂时,平均为绝对干质量的0.96%。
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引用次数: 0
Selecting multi-enzyme composition and preparation conditions for strong wort 浓麦汁多酶组成及制备条件的选择
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-384-392
E. Serba, L. Rimareva, M. Overchenko, N. Ignatova, M. Medrish, A. A. Pavlova, E. Sokolova
Abstract: Development of sustainable biotechnologies for deep processing of grain raw materials requires effective mechanisms of obtaining strong wort for alcohol production. To provide qualitative characteristics of biochemical composition and rheological properties of strong wort, it is necessary to select optimal enzyme systems and conditions for deep conversion of high-molecular weight polymers of the grain. Previous research has proven the efficiency of carbohydrases for processing grain raw materials. However, there is little evidence on the catalytic effect of phytase, including in combination with other hydrolytic enzymes, on the degree of hydrolysis of polymers in grain raw materials when preparing strong wort. This paper demonstrates the effect of proteases and phytases in a multi-enzyme composition, as well as the conditions of enzymatic processing of raw materials, on the rheological and biochemical parameters of strong wort. Wheat, rye and corn were investigated. The synergism of the combined effect of studied hydrolases, including phytolytic and proteolytic enzymes, contributed to an increase in polymer conversion in this grain raw material and the concentration of soluble dry substances of the wort by 1.5 times. Using the proteases and phytases in the multienzyme composition allowed the concentration of the following components in the wort to be increased: glucose – by 1.2–1.3 times; amine nitrogen – by 1.5–2.2 times; phosphorus ions – by 1.4–4.3 times. Additionally, in the wort samples, the content of amino acids in the free form increased by over 4 times. It is shown that the pretreatment of grain raw materials at a temperature of 80–90ºС for 6 hours and saccharification for 1–2 hours using a complete complex of enzymes containing α-amylase, glucoamylase, xylanase, protease and phytase, allows a strong wort with a dry matter content of over 30% to be obtained. Moreover, a significant decrease in viscosity was noted (particularly for rye wort – by 1.3–1.9 times). Our results confirm the essential role of enzymes exhibiting substrate specificity to protein and phytic polymers in grain raw materials.
摘要:粮食原料深加工可持续生物技术的发展需要有效的机制来获得用于酒精生产的浓麦汁。为了提供浓麦汁的生化组成和流变特性的定性特征,有必要选择最佳的酶体系和条件来深度转化高分子量的麦汁聚合物。以往的研究已经证明了糖酶加工粮食原料的效率。然而,在制备浓麦汁时,植酸酶的催化作用,包括与其他水解酶的结合,对谷物原料中聚合物的水解程度的催化作用很少有证据。本文研究了多酶组成中蛋白酶和植酸酶的作用,以及原料的酶处理条件对浓麦汁流变学和生化参数的影响。对小麦、黑麦和玉米进行了研究。通过多种水解酶(包括植物水解酶和蛋白水解酶)的协同作用,麦汁的聚合物转化率提高了1.5倍,可溶性干物质浓度提高了1.5倍。使用多酶组合物中的蛋白酶和植酸酶可以使麦汁中以下成分的浓度增加:葡萄糖-增加1.2-1.3倍;胺氮-按1.5-2.2倍;磷离子- 1.4-4.3倍。此外,麦汁样品中游离态氨基酸含量增加了4倍以上。结果表明,谷物原料在80-90ºС温度下预处理6小时,用含有α-淀粉酶、葡萄糖淀粉酶、木聚糖酶、蛋白酶和植酸酶的完整复合物糖化1-2小时,可制得干物质含量超过30%的浓麦汁。此外,粘度显著降低(特别是黑麦麦芽汁,降低了1.3-1.9倍)。我们的研究结果证实了在谷物原料中对蛋白质和植物聚合物具有底物特异性的酶的重要作用。
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引用次数: 2
Study into biodegradation of cocamidopropyl betaine, an amphoteric surfactant, by Pseudomonas bacteria and activated sludge 假单胞菌和活性污泥降解两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的研究
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-441-448
A. S. Burlachenko, O. Salishcheva, L. Dyshlyuk
Abstract: The paper examines the biodegradation rate of cocamidopropyl betaine by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and activated sludge. The following microorganisms were taken as destructor strains: Pseudomonas fluorescens TR (VKPM B-4881), Pseudomonas putida TP-19 (B-6582), Pseudomonas stutzeri T (B-4904), Pseudomonas putida TSh-18 (B-2950), Pseudomonas putida TO (B-3959), Pseudomonas mendocina 2S (B-4710), Pseudomonas oleovorans TF4-1L (B-8621) and activated sludge obtained at activated sludge reactors of a Kuzbass plant. Biooxidation of surfactant samples was carried out in 250 cm3 glass flasks, placed into an incubator shaker, at a constant temperature of 30ºС for pure cultures and 18ºС for activated sludge. The destructor strain should reduce the surfactant concentration to safe values within a minimum time interval. Pseudomonas stutzeri T (B-4904) and Pseudomonas fluorescens TR (B-4881) strains provided the shortest half-life of the surfactant under study – 2.5 and 2.6 days, respectively. For Pseudomonas putida TO (B-3959), Pseudomonas putida TSh-18 (B-2950) and Pseudomonas oleovorans TF4-1L (B-8621) strains, these values amounted to 3.0, 4.5 and 4.9 days, respectively. The maximum half-life of the surfactant under study was demonstrated by Pseudomonas mendocina 2S (B-4710) and Pseudomonas putida TP-19 (B-6582) microorganisms – 5.5 and 6.0 days, respectively. The maximum biodegradation of the surfactant was observed under its exposure to the biocenosis of microorganisms. Over 14 days, the concentration of cocamidopropyl betaine decreased to 0.27% of its initial concentration. The efficiency of Pseudomonas bacteria as destructors of surfactants was demonstrated. Bacteria of this genus exhibit a shorter generation time and a higher rate of biomass growth when compared to other strains and a shorter period of adaptation to surfactants when compared to activated sludge. Capable of reducing surfactant concentrations to safe values in a minimum time interval, Pseudomonas strains can be used as an effective agent in the development of technologies for wastewater purification from amphoteric surfactants.
摘要:研究了假单胞菌属细菌和活性污泥对椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的生物降解率。以荧光假单胞菌TR (VKPM B-4881)、恶臭假单胞菌TP-19 (B-6582)、猪粪假单胞菌T (B-4904)、恶臭假单胞菌TSh-18 (B-2950)、恶臭假单胞菌TO (B-3959)、mendocina假单胞菌2S (B-4710)、油酸假单胞菌TF4-1L (B-8621)和库兹巴斯某工厂活性污泥反应器中获得的活性污泥为破坏菌。表面活性剂样品在250 cm3的玻璃烧瓶中进行生物氧化,置于培养摇床中,纯培养物温度为30ºС,活性污泥温度为18ºС。破坏应变应在最小的时间间隔内将表面活性剂浓度降低到安全值。stutzeri假单胞菌T (B-4904)和荧光假单胞菌TR (B-4881)菌株的半衰期最短,分别为2.5天和2.6天。对于恶臭假单胞菌TO (B-3959)、恶臭假单胞菌TSh-18 (B-2950)和油酸假单胞菌TF4-1L (B-8621)菌株,这些值分别为3.0、4.5和4.9 d。mendocina假单胞菌2S (B-4710)和Pseudomonas putida TP-19 (B-6582)的最大半衰期分别为5.5天和6.0天。结果表明,表面活性剂暴露于微生物环境下,其生物降解率最高。14 d后,椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱浓度降至初始浓度的0.27%。证明了假单胞菌作为表面活性剂破坏者的效率。与其他菌株相比,本属细菌表现出更短的一代时间和更高的生物量增长率,与活性污泥相比,对表面活性剂的适应时间更短。假单胞菌能够在最短的时间间隔内将表面活性剂的浓度降低到安全值,可以作为开发两性表面活性剂废水净化技术的有效试剂。
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引用次数: 0
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