Proceedings of the Royal Society B最新文献_第4页

Melanism protects alpine zooplankton from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation 黑色素瘤保护高山浮游动物免受紫外线辐射造成的DNA损伤

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2075

C. K. Ulbing, Julia M. Muuse, Brooks E. Miner

Melanism is widely observed among animals, and is adaptive in various contexts for its thermoregulatory, camouflaging, mate-attraction or photoprotective properties. Many organisms exposed to ultraviolet radiation show increased fitness resulting from melanin pigmentation; this has been assumed to result in part from reduced UV-induced damage to DNA. However, to effectively test the hypothesis that melanin pigmentation reduces UV-induced DNA damage requires quantification of UV-specific DNA damage lesions following UV exposure under controlled conditions using individuals that vary in pigmentation intensity. We accomplished this using alpine genotypes of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia melanica, for which we quantified cyclobutane pyrimide dimers in DNA, a damage structure that can only be generated by UV exposure. For genotypes with carapace melanin pigmentation, we found that individuals with greater melanin content sustained lower levels of UV-induced DNA damage. Individuals with more melanin were also more likely to survive exposure to ecologically relevant levels of UV-B radiation. Parallel experiments with conspecific genotypes that lack carapace melanin pigmentation provide additional support for our conclusion that melanism protects individuals from UV-induced DNA damage. Finally, within-genotype comparisons with asexually produced clonal siblings demonstrate that melanin content influences DNA damage even among genetically identical individuals raised in the same environment.

黑化现象在动物中广泛存在，并因其温度调节、伪装、吸引配偶或光保护特性而适应于各种环境。许多暴露于紫外线辐射下的生物体显示出由于黑色素沉着而增加的适应性;这被认为部分是由于紫外线对DNA的损伤减少。然而，为了有效地验证黑色素色素沉着减少紫外线诱导的DNA损伤的假设，需要在控制条件下使用不同色素沉着强度的个体对紫外线照射后的紫外线特异性DNA损伤病变进行量化。我们使用淡水微甲壳类动物黑水蚤的高山基因型完成了这一任务，我们量化了DNA中的环丁烷嘧啶二聚体，这是一种只能由紫外线照射产生的损伤结构。对于具有甲壳黑色素色素沉着的基因型，我们发现黑色素含量较高的个体维持较低水平的紫外线诱导的DNA损伤。拥有更多黑色素的个体也更有可能在与生态相关的UV-B辐射水平下存活下来。对缺乏甲壳黑色素色素沉着的同种基因型进行的平行实验为我们的结论提供了额外的支持，即黑色素病可以保护个体免受紫外线诱导的DNA损伤。最后，与无性繁殖的克隆兄弟姐妹的基因型内比较表明，即使在相同环境中长大的基因相同的个体中，黑色素含量也会影响DNA损伤。

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引用次数: 7

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2430

Canchao Yang, W. Liang, A. Møller

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People’s Republic of China Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China

热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室，海南师范大学生命科学学院，海口571158，中华人民共和国生态系统与进化实验室，CNRS UMR 8079，巴黎南方大学， timent 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex，法国生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室，北京师范大学生命科学学院，北京100875

引用次数: 9

Social wasps are effective biocontrol agents of key lepidopteran crop pests 群居黄蜂是对鳞翅目作物主要害虫的有效生物防治剂

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1676

R. Southon, O. Fernandes, F. Nascimento, S. Sumner

Biocontrol agents can help reduce pest populations as part of an integrated pest management scheme, with minimal environmental consequences. However, biocontrol agents are often non-native species and require significant infrastructure; overuse of single agents results in pest resistance. Native biocontrol agents are urgently required for more sustainable multi-faceted approaches to pest management. Social wasps are natural predators of lepidopteran pests, yet their viability as native biocontrol agents is largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the social paper wasp Polistes satan is a successful predator on the larvae of two economically important and resilient crop pests, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (on sugarcane Saccharum spp.) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (on maize Zea mays); P. satan wasps significantly reduce crop pest damage. These results provide the much-needed baseline experimental evidence that social wasps have untapped potential as native biocontrol agents for sustainable crop production and food security.

作为综合虫害管理计划的一部分，生物防治剂可以帮助减少害虫种群，对环境的影响最小。然而，生物防治剂通常是非本地物种，需要大量的基础设施;过度使用单一药剂会产生害虫抗性。迫切需要本地生物防治剂，以实现更可持续的多方面害虫管理方法。群居黄蜂是鳞翅目害虫的天然捕食者，但其作为本土生物防治剂的可行性在很大程度上是未知的。本文提供的证据表明，社会纸蜂是甘蔗螟虫(Diatraea saccharalis)和玉米夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)两种具有重要经济价值和抗灾能力的作物害虫幼虫的成功捕食者;撒旦小蜂能显著减少作物害虫的危害。这些结果提供了急需的基线实验证据，表明社会黄蜂作为可持续作物生产和粮食安全的原生生物防治剂具有未开发的潜力。

引用次数: 29

Correction to ‘Revisiting metazoan phylogeny with genomic sampling of all phyla’ 更正“用所有门的基因组样本重新审视后生动物的系统发育”

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1941

C. Laumer, R. Fernández, S. Lemer, David J. Combosch, K. Kocot, A. Riesgo, S. Andrade, W. Sterrer, M. Sørensen, Gonzalo Giribet

Since the publication of this manuscript, a number of minor errors have made themselves known, which do not, however, substantively alter our results or conclusions. During the construction of figure 5b, the terminal labels for Porifera and Ctenophorawere erroneously switched.We here provide a corrected version of the figurewith the proper labels, as in the original posterior consensus tree onwhich it is based (electronic supplementary material, figure S20). In the construction of the electronic supplementary material (ESM) figures, the cladogram given for electronic supplementary material, figure S7 (on which figure 2a,b was based) did not correspond to the posterior consensus summary conditions referred to in the figure caption. In the revised electronic supplementary material associated with this Correction, electronic supplementarymaterial, figure S7 now contains the correct cladogram referred to by its caption. Elsewhere in the electronic supplementary material figure captions (for electronic supplementary material, figures S7–S9, S17 andS20), theposterior consensus summary conditionsweremisreported. We have now corrected these captions to reflect parameter values of PHYLOBAYES ‘bpcomp’ that reproduce the trees shown in each electronic supplementary material figure. In the original electronic supplementary material, we also signified that cDNA libraries annotated with ‘*’ were amplified via the phi29-mRNA amplification (PMA) method, conflicting with the use of this symbol described in the electronic supplementary material, table S1 caption to mark rogue taxa. We have removed this conflict; ‘*’ is now intended only to refer to rogue taxa. SRA metadata describe which libraries were amplified via PMA. An incorrect NCBI accession number for the ‘Pedicellina sp. FHL’ library also appeared in electronic supplementary material, table S1, which has now been replacedwith the correct accession. Finally, an anomaly introducedby the journal’s copy-editing process, and not caught at proof-reading, erroneously removed one author, Gert Wörheide, from the author list of references 11, 12, 16 and 29. The correct references are given below:

自从这篇手稿发表以来，我们发现了一些小错误，但这些错误并没有实质性地改变我们的结果或结论。在图5b的构建过程中，Porifera和ctenophora2的端子标签被错误地切换。我们在这里提供了一个带有适当标签的更正版本，就像它所基于的原始后验共识树一样(电子补充材料，图S20)。在电子补充材料(ESM)图的构建中，给出的电子补充材料的梯形图，图S7(图2a,b的基础)不符合图标题中提到的后见共识总结条件。在与此更正相关的修订电子补充材料中，电子补充材料，图S7现在包含了其标题所提及的正确的梯形图。在电子补充材料图标题的其他地方(对于电子补充材料，图S7-S9, S17和s20)，后见共识总结条件未被报道。我们现在已经更正了这些标题，以反映PHYLOBAYES ' bpcomp '的参数值，该参数值再现了每个电子补充材料图中所示的树。在原始的电子补充材料中，我们还指出，带有“*”的cDNA文库是通过phi29-mRNA扩增(PMA)方法扩增的，这与电子补充材料表S1标题中描述的标记流氓分类群的符号相冲突。我们已经消除了这种冲突;“*”现在只用于指流氓分类群。SRA元数据描述通过PMA放大了哪些库。在电子补充资料表S1中也出现了“Pedicellina sp. FHL”库的错误NCBI入库号，现在已被正确的入库号所取代。最后，该杂志的编辑过程中出现了一个异常，在校对时没有发现，错误地从参考文献11、12、16和29的作者列表中删除了一位作者Gert Wörheide。正确的参考资料如下:

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引用次数: 2

Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness. 变暖气候下营养相互作用的改变：对捕食者饮食广度和适应性的影响。

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 Epub Date: 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2227

Elvire Bestion, Andrea Soriano-Redondo, Julien Cucherousset, Staffan Jacob, Joël White, Lucie Zinger, Lisa Fourtune, Lucie Di Gesu, Aimeric Teyssier, Julien Cote

Species interactions are central in predicting the impairment of biodiversity with climate change. Trophic interactions may be altered through climate-dependent changes in either predator food preferences or prey communities. Yet, climate change impacts on predator diet remain surprisingly poorly understood. We experimentally studied the consequences of 2°C warmer climatic conditions on the trophic niche of a generalist lizard predator. We used a system of semi-natural mesocosms housing a variety of invertebrate species and in which climatic conditions were manipulated. Lizards in warmer climatic conditions ate at a greater predatory to phytophagous invertebrate ratio and had smaller individual dietary breadths. These shifts mainly arose from direct impacts of climate on lizard diets rather than from changes in prey communities. Dietary changes were associated with negative changes in fitness-related traits (body condition, gut microbiota) and survival. We demonstrate that climate change alters trophic interactions through top-predator dietary shifts, which might disrupt eco-evolutionary dynamics.

物种相互作用是预测气候变化对生物多样性损害的核心。营养相互作用可能通过捕食者食物偏好或猎物群落的气候依赖变化而改变。然而，气候变化对捕食者饮食的影响仍然知之甚少。我们实验研究了2°C变暖的气候条件对一种多面手蜥蜴捕食者的营养生态位的影响。我们使用了一个半自然的生态系统，容纳了各种无脊椎动物物种，并在其中控制了气候条件。在温暖的气候条件下，蜥蜴以更大的掠食性和植食性无脊椎动物的比例进食，个体饮食宽度更小。这些变化主要来自气候对蜥蜴饮食的直接影响，而不是猎物群落的变化。饮食变化与健康相关特征（身体状况、肠道微生物群）和生存率的负面变化有关。我们证明，气候变化通过顶级捕食者的饮食变化改变了营养相互作用，这可能会破坏生态进化动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Everything is not everywhere: can marine compartments shape phytoplankton assemblages? 万物并非无处不在:海洋隔间能塑造浮游植物的组合吗?

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1890

S. Spatharis, Vasiliki Lamprinou, A. Meziti, K. Kormas, Daniel D. Danielidis, E. Smeti, D. Roelke, R. Mancy, G. Tsirtsis

The idea that ‘everything is everywhere, but the environment selects' has been seminal in microbial biogeography, and marine phytoplankton is one of the prototypical groups used to illustrate this. The typical argument has been that phytoplankton is ubiquitous, but that distinct assemblages form under environmental selection. It is well established that phytoplankton assemblages vary considerably between coastal ecosystems. However, the relative roles of compartmentalization of regional seas and site-specific environmental conditions in shaping assemblage structures have not been specifically examined. We collected data from coastal embayments that fall within two different water compartments within the same regional sea and are characterized by highly localized environmental pressures. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM) models to partition the effects that spatial structures, environmental conditions and their overlap had on the variation in assemblage composition. Our models explained a high percentage of variation in assemblage composition (59–65%) and showed that spatial structure consistent with marine compartmentalization played a more important role than local environmental conditions. At least during the study period, surface currents connecting sites within the two compartments failed to generate sufficient dispersal to offset the impact of differences due to compartmentalization. In other words, our findings suggest that, even for a prototypical cosmopolitan group, everything is not everywhere.

“万物无处不在，但环境选择”这一观点在微生物生物地理学中具有开创性，海洋浮游植物是用来说明这一观点的典型群体之一。典型的论点是，浮游植物是普遍存在的，但在环境选择下形成了独特的组合。浮游植物的组合在沿海生态系统之间有很大的差异，这是公认的。然而，区域海洋的分区化和特定地点的环境条件在形成组合结构中的相对作用尚未得到具体研究。我们收集了位于同一区域海域内两个不同水域的沿海围堰的数据，这些围堰的特点是高度局部化的环境压力。利用邻域矩阵主坐标(PCNM)和非对称特征向量映射(AEM)模型划分了空间结构、环境条件及其重叠对组合组成变化的影响。我们的模型解释了组合组成的高变异百分比(59-65%)，并表明与海洋分区一致的空间结构比当地环境条件发挥了更重要的作用。至少在研究期间，两个分区内连接站点的表面水流未能产生足够的分散，以抵消分区化造成的差异的影响。换句话说，我们的研究结果表明，即使是一个典型的世界性群体，也不是所有的东西都是无处不在的。

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引用次数: 9

Determinants of tree cover in tropical floodplains 热带洪泛区树木覆盖的决定因素

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1755

J. H. Daskin, F. Aires, A. Staver

Tree cover differentiates forests from savannas and grasslands. In tropical floodplains, factors differentiating these systems are poorly known, even though floodplains cover 10% of the tropical landmass. Seasonal inundation potentially presents trees with both challenges (soil anoxia) and benefits (moisture and nutrient deposition), the relative importance of which may depend on ecological context, e.g. if floods alleviate water stress more in more arid ecosystems. Here, we use remotely sensed data across 13 large tropical and sub-tropical floodplain ecosystems on five continents to show that climatic water balance (i.e. precipitation—potential evapotranspiration) strongly increases floodplain tree cover in interaction with flooding, fire and topography. As predicted, flooding increases tree cover in more arid floodplains, but decreases tree cover in climatically wetter ones. As in uplands, frequent fire reduced tree cover, particularly in wet regions, but—in contrast with uplands—lower elevation and sandier soils decreased tree cover. Our results suggest that predicting the impacts of changing climate, land use and hydrology on floodplain ecosystems depends on considering climate-disturbance interactions. While outright wetland conversion proceeds globally, additional anthropogenic activities, including alteration of fire frequencies and dam construction, will also shift floodplain tree cover, especially in wet climates.

树木覆盖将森林与稀树草原和草原区分开来。在热带洪泛区，尽管洪泛区覆盖了热带陆地的10%，但人们对区分这些系统的因素知之甚少。季节性洪水可能给树木带来挑战(土壤缺氧)和益处(水分和养分沉积)，其相对重要性可能取决于生态环境，例如，洪水是否在更干旱的生态系统中更能缓解水压力。在这里，我们利用五大洲13个大型热带和亚热带洪泛区生态系统的遥感数据表明，气候水平衡(即降水潜在蒸散)与洪水、火灾和地形的相互作用强烈地增加了洪泛区的树木覆盖。正如预测的那样，洪水增加了干旱洪泛区的树木覆盖率，但减少了气候湿润的洪泛区的树木覆盖率。与高地一样，频繁的火灾减少了树木覆盖，特别是在潮湿地区，但与高地相反，低海拔和沙质土壤减少了树木覆盖。我们的研究结果表明，预测气候、土地利用和水文变化对洪泛平原生态系统的影响取决于考虑气候干扰的相互作用。在全球范围内进行湿地转换的同时，额外的人为活动，包括火灾频率的改变和大坝建设，也将改变洪泛区的树木覆盖，特别是在潮湿气候下。

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引用次数: 7

Origin of horsetails and the role of whole-genome duplication in plant macroevolution. 马尾的起源及全基因组复制在植物宏观进化中的作用。

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-11-06 Epub Date: 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1662

James W Clark, Mark N Puttick, Philip C J Donoghue

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) has occurred commonly in land plant evolution and it is often invoked as a causal agent in diversification, phenotypic and developmental innovation, as well as conferring extinction resistance. The ancient and iconic lineage of Equisetum is no exception, where WGD has been inferred to have occurred prior to the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary, coincident with WGD events in angiosperms. In the absence of high species diversity, WGD in Equisetum is interpreted to have facilitated the long-term survival of the lineage. However, this characterization remains uncertain as these analyses of the Equisetum WGD event have not accounted for fossil diversity. Here, we analyse additional available transcriptomes and summarize the fossil record. Our results confirm support for at least one WGD event shared among the majority of extant Equisetum species. Furthermore, we use improved dating methods to constrain the age of gene duplication in geological time and identify two successive Equisetum WGD events. The two WGD events occurred during the Carboniferous and Triassic, respectively, rather than in association with the K-Pg boundary. WGD events are believed to drive high rates of trait evolution and innovations, but analysed trends of morphological evolution across the historical diversity of Equisetum provide little evidence for further macroevolutionary consequences following WGD. WGD events cannot have conferred extinction resistance to the Equisetum lineage through the K-Pg boundary since the ploidy events occurred hundreds of millions of years before this mass extinction and we find evidence of extinction among fossil polyploid Equisetum lineages. Our findings precipitate the need for a review of the proposed roles of WGDs in biological innovation and extinction survival in angiosperm and non-angiosperm lineages alike.

全基因组重复（WGD）在陆地植物的进化过程中很常见，它经常被认为是多样性、表型和发育创新以及赋予灭绝抗性的原因。古老而标志性的Equisetum谱系也不例外，其WGD被推断发生在白垩纪-古近纪（K-Pg）边界之前，与被子植物的WGD事件一致。在缺乏高物种多样性的情况下，木贼的WGD被解释为促进了谱系的长期生存。然而，这种特征仍然不确定，因为这些对Equisetum WGD事件的分析没有考虑到化石多样性。在这里，我们分析了其他可用的转录组，并总结了化石记录。我们的研究结果证实了至少一个WGD事件在大多数现存木贼属物种中共享的支持。此外，我们使用改进的测年方法来限制基因复制在地质时间上的年龄，并确定了两个连续的Equisetum WGD事件。这两次WGD事件分别发生在石炭系和三叠系，而与K-Pg界无关。WGD事件被认为推动了性状进化和创新的高速率，但分析了鼠尾草历史多样性的形态进化趋势，几乎没有证据表明WGD之后的进一步宏观进化后果。WGD事件不可能通过K-Pg边界赋予鼠尾草谱系灭绝抗性，因为倍性事件发生在这次大灭绝之前的数亿年，我们在化石多倍体鼠尾草谱系中发现了灭绝的证据。我们的发现促使我们有必要对WGDs在被子植物和非被子植物谱系的生物创新和灭绝生存中的作用进行回顾。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple costs are relevant for evolution of host anti-parasite defences. Reply to Yang C et al. (2018). 宿主抗寄生虫防御系统的进化具有多重代价。回复杨超等(2018)。

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1690

P. Samaš, Michal Kysučan, M. Honza, T. Grim

引用次数: 1

Serratia marcescens shapes cutaneous bacterial communities and influences survival of an amphibian host 粘质沙雷氏菌形成皮肤细菌群落并影响两栖动物宿主的生存

Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1833

Joseph D. Madison, S. Ouellette, E. L. Schmidt, J. Kerby

Ongoing investigations into the interactions between microbial communities and their associated hosts are changing how emerging diseases are perceived and ameliorated. Of the numerous host–microbiome–disease systems of study, the emergence of chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hereafter Bd) has been implicated in ongoing declines and extinction events of amphibians worldwide. Interestingly, there has been differential survival among amphibians in resisting Bd infection and subsequent disease. One factor thought to contribute to this resistance is the host-associated cutaneous microbiota. This has raised the possibility of using genetically modified probiotics to restructure the host-associated microbiota for desired anti-fungal outcomes. Here, we use a previously described strain of Serratia marcescens (Sm) for the manipulation of amphibian cutaneous microbiota. Sm was genetically altered to have a dysfunctional pathway for the production of the extracellular metabolite prodigiosin. This genetically altered strain (Δpig) and the functional prodigiosin producing strain (wild-type, WT) were compared for their microbial community and anti-Bd effects both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Bd growth was significantly repressed in the presence of prodigiosin. In vivo, the inoculation of both Sm strains was shown to significantly influence amphibian microbiota diversity with the Δpig-Sm treatment showing increasing alpha diversity, and the WT-Sm having no temporal effect on diversity. Differences were also seen in host mortality with Δpig-Sm treatments exhibiting significantly decreased survival probability when compared with WT-Sm in the presence of Bd. These results are an important proof-of-concept for linking the use of genetically modified probiotic bacteria to host microbial community structure and disease outcomes, which in the future may provide a way to ameliorate disease and address critical frontiers in disease and microbial ecology.

正在进行的对微生物群落及其相关宿主之间相互作用的调查正在改变人们对新发疾病的认识和改善方式。在众多正在研究的宿主-微生物群疾病系统中，壶菌病(由壶菌引起，以下简称Bd)的出现与世界范围内两栖动物数量的持续下降和灭绝事件有关。有趣的是，在抵抗Bd感染和随后的疾病方面，两栖动物的存活率存在差异。一个被认为有助于这种抵抗的因素是与宿主相关的皮肤微生物群。这提高了使用转基因益生菌重组宿主相关微生物群以获得所需抗真菌效果的可能性。在这里，我们使用先前描述的粘质沙雷氏菌(Sm)菌株来操纵两栖动物皮肤微生物群。Sm在基因上发生了改变，使其产生细胞外代谢物prodigiosin的途径发生了功能障碍。将该基因改造菌株(Δpig)与功能产prodigiosin菌株(野生型，WT)的微生物群落和体内体外抗bd效果进行了比较。在体外实验中，芥蓝菌的生长明显受到抑制。在体内，接种两种Sm菌株均能显著影响两栖动物微生物群的多样性，其中Δpig-Sm处理能增加α多样性，WT-Sm对多样性没有时间影响。与存在Bd的WT-Sm相比，Δpig-Sm处理的宿主死亡率也存在差异，表现出显著降低的生存概率。这些结果为将转基因益生菌的使用与宿主微生物群落结构和疾病结局联系起来提供了重要的概念证明，这在未来可能为改善疾病和解决疾病和微生物生态学的关键前沿提供了一种方法。

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引用次数: 10