Melanism is widely observed among animals, and is adaptive in various contexts for its thermoregulatory, camouflaging, mate-attraction or photoprotective properties. Many organisms exposed to ultraviolet radiation show increased fitness resulting from melanin pigmentation; this has been assumed to result in part from reduced UV-induced damage to DNA. However, to effectively test the hypothesis that melanin pigmentation reduces UV-induced DNA damage requires quantification of UV-specific DNA damage lesions following UV exposure under controlled conditions using individuals that vary in pigmentation intensity. We accomplished this using alpine genotypes of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia melanica, for which we quantified cyclobutane pyrimide dimers in DNA, a damage structure that can only be generated by UV exposure. For genotypes with carapace melanin pigmentation, we found that individuals with greater melanin content sustained lower levels of UV-induced DNA damage. Individuals with more melanin were also more likely to survive exposure to ecologically relevant levels of UV-B radiation. Parallel experiments with conspecific genotypes that lack carapace melanin pigmentation provide additional support for our conclusion that melanism protects individuals from UV-induced DNA damage. Finally, within-genotype comparisons with asexually produced clonal siblings demonstrate that melanin content influences DNA damage even among genetically identical individuals raised in the same environment.
{"title":"Melanism protects alpine zooplankton from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation","authors":"C. K. Ulbing, Julia M. Muuse, Brooks E. Miner","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.2075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2075","url":null,"abstract":"Melanism is widely observed among animals, and is adaptive in various contexts for its thermoregulatory, camouflaging, mate-attraction or photoprotective properties. Many organisms exposed to ultraviolet radiation show increased fitness resulting from melanin pigmentation; this has been assumed to result in part from reduced UV-induced damage to DNA. However, to effectively test the hypothesis that melanin pigmentation reduces UV-induced DNA damage requires quantification of UV-specific DNA damage lesions following UV exposure under controlled conditions using individuals that vary in pigmentation intensity. We accomplished this using alpine genotypes of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia melanica, for which we quantified cyclobutane pyrimide dimers in DNA, a damage structure that can only be generated by UV exposure. For genotypes with carapace melanin pigmentation, we found that individuals with greater melanin content sustained lower levels of UV-induced DNA damage. Individuals with more melanin were also more likely to survive exposure to ecologically relevant levels of UV-B radiation. Parallel experiments with conspecific genotypes that lack carapace melanin pigmentation provide additional support for our conclusion that melanism protects individuals from UV-induced DNA damage. Finally, within-genotype comparisons with asexually produced clonal siblings demonstrate that melanin content influences DNA damage even among genetically identical individuals raised in the same environment.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73568373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Southon, O. Fernandes, F. Nascimento, S. Sumner
Biocontrol agents can help reduce pest populations as part of an integrated pest management scheme, with minimal environmental consequences. However, biocontrol agents are often non-native species and require significant infrastructure; overuse of single agents results in pest resistance. Native biocontrol agents are urgently required for more sustainable multi-faceted approaches to pest management. Social wasps are natural predators of lepidopteran pests, yet their viability as native biocontrol agents is largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the social paper wasp Polistes satan is a successful predator on the larvae of two economically important and resilient crop pests, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (on sugarcane Saccharum spp.) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (on maize Zea mays); P. satan wasps significantly reduce crop pest damage. These results provide the much-needed baseline experimental evidence that social wasps have untapped potential as native biocontrol agents for sustainable crop production and food security.
{"title":"Social wasps are effective biocontrol agents of key lepidopteran crop pests","authors":"R. Southon, O. Fernandes, F. Nascimento, S. Sumner","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1676","url":null,"abstract":"Biocontrol agents can help reduce pest populations as part of an integrated pest management scheme, with minimal environmental consequences. However, biocontrol agents are often non-native species and require significant infrastructure; overuse of single agents results in pest resistance. Native biocontrol agents are urgently required for more sustainable multi-faceted approaches to pest management. Social wasps are natural predators of lepidopteran pests, yet their viability as native biocontrol agents is largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the social paper wasp Polistes satan is a successful predator on the larvae of two economically important and resilient crop pests, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (on sugarcane Saccharum spp.) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (on maize Zea mays); P. satan wasps significantly reduce crop pest damage. These results provide the much-needed baseline experimental evidence that social wasps have untapped potential as native biocontrol agents for sustainable crop production and food security.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85568270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People’s Republic of China Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室，海南师范大学生命科学学院，海口571158，中华人民共和国生态系统与进化实验室，CNRS UMR 8079，巴黎南方大学， timent 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex，法国生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室，北京师范大学生命科学学院，北京100875
{"title":"Similar immediate costs of raising cuckoo and host chicks can hardly explain low levels of antiparasite defence in hosts. A Comment on: Samaš et al. (2018)","authors":"Canchao Yang, W. Liang, A. Møller","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2018.2430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2430","url":null,"abstract":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People’s Republic of China Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"12 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78331952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Laumer, R. Fernández, S. Lemer, David J. Combosch, K. Kocot, A. Riesgo, S. Andrade, W. Sterrer, M. Sørensen, Gonzalo Giribet
Since the publication of this manuscript, a number of minor errors have made themselves known, which do not, however, substantively alter our results or conclusions. During the construction of figure 5b, the terminal labels for Porifera and Ctenophorawere erroneously switched.We here provide a corrected version of the figurewith the proper labels, as in the original posterior consensus tree onwhich it is based (electronic supplementary material, figure S20). In the construction of the electronic supplementary material (ESM) figures, the cladogram given for electronic supplementary material, figure S7 (on which figure 2a,b was based) did not correspond to the posterior consensus summary conditions referred to in the figure caption. In the revised electronic supplementary material associated with this Correction, electronic supplementarymaterial, figure S7 now contains the correct cladogram referred to by its caption. Elsewhere in the electronic supplementary material figure captions (for electronic supplementary material, figures S7–S9, S17 andS20), theposterior consensus summary conditionsweremisreported. We have now corrected these captions to reflect parameter values of PHYLOBAYES ‘bpcomp’ that reproduce the trees shown in each electronic supplementary material figure. In the original electronic supplementary material, we also signified that cDNA libraries annotated with ‘*’ were amplified via the phi29-mRNA amplification (PMA) method, conflicting with the use of this symbol described in the electronic supplementary material, table S1 caption to mark rogue taxa. We have removed this conflict; ‘*’ is now intended only to refer to rogue taxa. SRA metadata describe which libraries were amplified via PMA. An incorrect NCBI accession number for the ‘Pedicellina sp. FHL’ library also appeared in electronic supplementary material, table S1, which has now been replacedwith the correct accession. Finally, an anomaly introducedby the journal’s copy-editing process, and not caught at proof-reading, erroneously removed one author, Gert Wörheide, from the author list of references 11, 12, 16 and 29. The correct references are given below:
{"title":"Correction to ‘Revisiting metazoan phylogeny with genomic sampling of all phyla’","authors":"C. Laumer, R. Fernández, S. Lemer, David J. Combosch, K. Kocot, A. Riesgo, S. Andrade, W. Sterrer, M. Sørensen, Gonzalo Giribet","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1941","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of this manuscript, a number of minor errors have made themselves known, which do not, however, substantively alter our results or conclusions. During the construction of figure 5b, the terminal labels for Porifera and Ctenophorawere erroneously switched.We here provide a corrected version of the figurewith the proper labels, as in the original posterior consensus tree onwhich it is based (electronic supplementary material, figure S20). In the construction of the electronic supplementary material (ESM) figures, the cladogram given for electronic supplementary material, figure S7 (on which figure 2a,b was based) did not correspond to the posterior consensus summary conditions referred to in the figure caption. In the revised electronic supplementary material associated with this Correction, electronic supplementarymaterial, figure S7 now contains the correct cladogram referred to by its caption. Elsewhere in the electronic supplementary material figure captions (for electronic supplementary material, figures S7–S9, S17 andS20), theposterior consensus summary conditionsweremisreported. We have now corrected these captions to reflect parameter values of PHYLOBAYES ‘bpcomp’ that reproduce the trees shown in each electronic supplementary material figure. In the original electronic supplementary material, we also signified that cDNA libraries annotated with ‘*’ were amplified via the phi29-mRNA amplification (PMA) method, conflicting with the use of this symbol described in the electronic supplementary material, table S1 caption to mark rogue taxa. We have removed this conflict; ‘*’ is now intended only to refer to rogue taxa. SRA metadata describe which libraries were amplified via PMA. An incorrect NCBI accession number for the ‘Pedicellina sp. FHL’ library also appeared in electronic supplementary material, table S1, which has now been replacedwith the correct accession. Finally, an anomaly introducedby the journal’s copy-editing process, and not caught at proof-reading, erroneously removed one author, Gert Wörheide, from the author list of references 11, 12, 16 and 29. The correct references are given below:","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85502596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Spatharis, Vasiliki Lamprinou, A. Meziti, K. Kormas, Daniel D. Danielidis, E. Smeti, D. Roelke, R. Mancy, G. Tsirtsis
The idea that ‘everything is everywhere, but the environment selects' has been seminal in microbial biogeography, and marine phytoplankton is one of the prototypical groups used to illustrate this. The typical argument has been that phytoplankton is ubiquitous, but that distinct assemblages form under environmental selection. It is well established that phytoplankton assemblages vary considerably between coastal ecosystems. However, the relative roles of compartmentalization of regional seas and site-specific environmental conditions in shaping assemblage structures have not been specifically examined. We collected data from coastal embayments that fall within two different water compartments within the same regional sea and are characterized by highly localized environmental pressures. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM) models to partition the effects that spatial structures, environmental conditions and their overlap had on the variation in assemblage composition. Our models explained a high percentage of variation in assemblage composition (59–65%) and showed that spatial structure consistent with marine compartmentalization played a more important role than local environmental conditions. At least during the study period, surface currents connecting sites within the two compartments failed to generate sufficient dispersal to offset the impact of differences due to compartmentalization. In other words, our findings suggest that, even for a prototypical cosmopolitan group, everything is not everywhere.
{"title":"Everything is not everywhere: can marine compartments shape phytoplankton assemblages?","authors":"S. Spatharis, Vasiliki Lamprinou, A. Meziti, K. Kormas, Daniel D. Danielidis, E. Smeti, D. Roelke, R. Mancy, G. Tsirtsis","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1890","url":null,"abstract":"The idea that ‘everything is everywhere, but the environment selects' has been seminal in microbial biogeography, and marine phytoplankton is one of the prototypical groups used to illustrate this. The typical argument has been that phytoplankton is ubiquitous, but that distinct assemblages form under environmental selection. It is well established that phytoplankton assemblages vary considerably between coastal ecosystems. However, the relative roles of compartmentalization of regional seas and site-specific environmental conditions in shaping assemblage structures have not been specifically examined. We collected data from coastal embayments that fall within two different water compartments within the same regional sea and are characterized by highly localized environmental pressures. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM) models to partition the effects that spatial structures, environmental conditions and their overlap had on the variation in assemblage composition. Our models explained a high percentage of variation in assemblage composition (59–65%) and showed that spatial structure consistent with marine compartmentalization played a more important role than local environmental conditions. At least during the study period, surface currents connecting sites within the two compartments failed to generate sufficient dispersal to offset the impact of differences due to compartmentalization. In other words, our findings suggest that, even for a prototypical cosmopolitan group, everything is not everywhere.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90334838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tree cover differentiates forests from savannas and grasslands. In tropical floodplains, factors differentiating these systems are poorly known, even though floodplains cover 10% of the tropical landmass. Seasonal inundation potentially presents trees with both challenges (soil anoxia) and benefits (moisture and nutrient deposition), the relative importance of which may depend on ecological context, e.g. if floods alleviate water stress more in more arid ecosystems. Here, we use remotely sensed data across 13 large tropical and sub-tropical floodplain ecosystems on five continents to show that climatic water balance (i.e. precipitation—potential evapotranspiration) strongly increases floodplain tree cover in interaction with flooding, fire and topography. As predicted, flooding increases tree cover in more arid floodplains, but decreases tree cover in climatically wetter ones. As in uplands, frequent fire reduced tree cover, particularly in wet regions, but—in contrast with uplands—lower elevation and sandier soils decreased tree cover. Our results suggest that predicting the impacts of changing climate, land use and hydrology on floodplain ecosystems depends on considering climate-disturbance interactions. While outright wetland conversion proceeds globally, additional anthropogenic activities, including alteration of fire frequencies and dam construction, will also shift floodplain tree cover, especially in wet climates.
{"title":"Determinants of tree cover in tropical floodplains","authors":"J. H. Daskin, F. Aires, A. Staver","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1755","url":null,"abstract":"Tree cover differentiates forests from savannas and grasslands. In tropical floodplains, factors differentiating these systems are poorly known, even though floodplains cover 10% of the tropical landmass. Seasonal inundation potentially presents trees with both challenges (soil anoxia) and benefits (moisture and nutrient deposition), the relative importance of which may depend on ecological context, e.g. if floods alleviate water stress more in more arid ecosystems. Here, we use remotely sensed data across 13 large tropical and sub-tropical floodplain ecosystems on five continents to show that climatic water balance (i.e. precipitation—potential evapotranspiration) strongly increases floodplain tree cover in interaction with flooding, fire and topography. As predicted, flooding increases tree cover in more arid floodplains, but decreases tree cover in climatically wetter ones. As in uplands, frequent fire reduced tree cover, particularly in wet regions, but—in contrast with uplands—lower elevation and sandier soils decreased tree cover. Our results suggest that predicting the impacts of changing climate, land use and hydrology on floodplain ecosystems depends on considering climate-disturbance interactions. While outright wetland conversion proceeds globally, additional anthropogenic activities, including alteration of fire frequencies and dam construction, will also shift floodplain tree cover, especially in wet climates.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78501831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple costs are relevant for evolution of host anti-parasite defences. Reply to Yang C et al. (2018).","authors":"P. Samaš, Michal Kysučan, M. Honza, T. Grim","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72742189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvire Bestion, A. Soriano‐Redondo, J. Cucherousset, S. Jacob, Joël White, Lucie Zinger, Lisa Fourtune, L. Di Gesu, Aimeric Teyssier, J. Cote
Species interactions are central in predicting the impairment of biodiversity with climate change. Trophic interactions may be altered through climate-dependent changes in either predator food preferences or prey communities. Yet, climate change impacts on predator diet remain surprisingly poorly understood. We experimentally studied the consequences of 2°C warmer climatic conditions on the trophic niche of a generalist lizard predator. We used a system of semi-natural mesocosms housing a variety of invertebrate species and in which climatic conditions were manipulated. Lizards in warmer climatic conditions ate at a greater predatory to phytophagous invertebrate ratio and had smaller individual dietary breadths. These shifts mainly arose from direct impacts of climate on lizard diets rather than from changes in prey communities. Dietary changes were associated with negative changes in fitness-related traits (body condition, gut microbiota) and survival. We demonstrate that climate change alters trophic interactions through top-predator dietary shifts, which might disrupt eco-evolutionary dynamics.
{"title":"Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness","authors":"Elvire Bestion, A. Soriano‐Redondo, J. Cucherousset, S. Jacob, Joël White, Lucie Zinger, Lisa Fourtune, L. Di Gesu, Aimeric Teyssier, J. Cote","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.2227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2227","url":null,"abstract":"Species interactions are central in predicting the impairment of biodiversity with climate change. Trophic interactions may be altered through climate-dependent changes in either predator food preferences or prey communities. Yet, climate change impacts on predator diet remain surprisingly poorly understood. We experimentally studied the consequences of 2°C warmer climatic conditions on the trophic niche of a generalist lizard predator. We used a system of semi-natural mesocosms housing a variety of invertebrate species and in which climatic conditions were manipulated. Lizards in warmer climatic conditions ate at a greater predatory to phytophagous invertebrate ratio and had smaller individual dietary breadths. These shifts mainly arose from direct impacts of climate on lizard diets rather than from changes in prey communities. Dietary changes were associated with negative changes in fitness-related traits (body condition, gut microbiota) and survival. We demonstrate that climate change alters trophic interactions through top-predator dietary shifts, which might disrupt eco-evolutionary dynamics.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78671228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph D. Madison, S. Ouellette, E. L. Schmidt, J. Kerby
Ongoing investigations into the interactions between microbial communities and their associated hosts are changing how emerging diseases are perceived and ameliorated. Of the numerous host–microbiome–disease systems of study, the emergence of chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hereafter Bd) has been implicated in ongoing declines and extinction events of amphibians worldwide. Interestingly, there has been differential survival among amphibians in resisting Bd infection and subsequent disease. One factor thought to contribute to this resistance is the host-associated cutaneous microbiota. This has raised the possibility of using genetically modified probiotics to restructure the host-associated microbiota for desired anti-fungal outcomes. Here, we use a previously described strain of Serratia marcescens (Sm) for the manipulation of amphibian cutaneous microbiota. Sm was genetically altered to have a dysfunctional pathway for the production of the extracellular metabolite prodigiosin. This genetically altered strain (Δpig) and the functional prodigiosin producing strain (wild-type, WT) were compared for their microbial community and anti-Bd effects both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Bd growth was significantly repressed in the presence of prodigiosin. In vivo, the inoculation of both Sm strains was shown to significantly influence amphibian microbiota diversity with the Δpig-Sm treatment showing increasing alpha diversity, and the WT-Sm having no temporal effect on diversity. Differences were also seen in host mortality with Δpig-Sm treatments exhibiting significantly decreased survival probability when compared with WT-Sm in the presence of Bd. These results are an important proof-of-concept for linking the use of genetically modified probiotic bacteria to host microbial community structure and disease outcomes, which in the future may provide a way to ameliorate disease and address critical frontiers in disease and microbial ecology.
{"title":"Serratia marcescens shapes cutaneous bacterial communities and influences survival of an amphibian host","authors":"Joseph D. Madison, S. Ouellette, E. L. Schmidt, J. Kerby","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1833","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing investigations into the interactions between microbial communities and their associated hosts are changing how emerging diseases are perceived and ameliorated. Of the numerous host–microbiome–disease systems of study, the emergence of chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hereafter Bd) has been implicated in ongoing declines and extinction events of amphibians worldwide. Interestingly, there has been differential survival among amphibians in resisting Bd infection and subsequent disease. One factor thought to contribute to this resistance is the host-associated cutaneous microbiota. This has raised the possibility of using genetically modified probiotics to restructure the host-associated microbiota for desired anti-fungal outcomes. Here, we use a previously described strain of Serratia marcescens (Sm) for the manipulation of amphibian cutaneous microbiota. Sm was genetically altered to have a dysfunctional pathway for the production of the extracellular metabolite prodigiosin. This genetically altered strain (Δpig) and the functional prodigiosin producing strain (wild-type, WT) were compared for their microbial community and anti-Bd effects both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Bd growth was significantly repressed in the presence of prodigiosin. In vivo, the inoculation of both Sm strains was shown to significantly influence amphibian microbiota diversity with the Δpig-Sm treatment showing increasing alpha diversity, and the WT-Sm having no temporal effect on diversity. Differences were also seen in host mortality with Δpig-Sm treatments exhibiting significantly decreased survival probability when compared with WT-Sm in the presence of Bd. These results are an important proof-of-concept for linking the use of genetically modified probiotic bacteria to host microbial community structure and disease outcomes, which in the future may provide a way to ameliorate disease and address critical frontiers in disease and microbial ecology.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mammola, P. Cardoso, D. Angyal, G. Balázs, T. Blick, H. Brustel, J. Carter, S. Ćurčić, S. Danflous, L. Dányi, Sylvain Dejean, C. Deltshev, M. Elverici, Jon Fernández, Fulvio Gasparo, M. Komnenov, C. Komposch, L. Kováč, K. B. Kunt, A. Mock, O. Moldovan, M. Naumova, Martina Pavlek, C. Prieto, C. Ribera, R. Rozwałka, V. Růžička, R. Vargovitsh, Stefan Zaenker, M. Isaia
Macroecologists seek to identify drivers of community turnover (β-diversity) through broad spatial scales. However, the influence of local habitat features in driving broad-scale β-diversity patterns remains largely untested, owing to the objective challenges of associating local-scale variables to continental-framed datasets. We examined the relative contribution of local- versus broad-scale drivers of continental β-diversity patterns, using a uniquely suited dataset of cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (35–70° latitude). Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed that geographical distance, mean annual temperature and size of the karst area in which caves occurred drove most of β-diversity, with differential contributions of each factor according to the level of subterranean specialization. Highly specialized communities were mostly influenced by geographical distance, while less specialized communities were mostly driven by mean annual temperature. Conversely, local-scale habitat features turned out to be meaningless predictors of community change, which emphasizes the idea of caves as the human accessible fraction of the extended network of fissures that more properly represents the elective habitat of the subterranean fauna. To the extent that the effect of local features turned to be inconspicuous, caves emerge as experimental model systems in which to study broad biological patterns without the confounding effect of local habitat features.
{"title":"Local- versus broad-scale environmental drivers of continental β-diversity patterns in subterranean spider communities across Europe","authors":"S. Mammola, P. Cardoso, D. Angyal, G. Balázs, T. Blick, H. Brustel, J. Carter, S. Ćurčić, S. Danflous, L. Dányi, Sylvain Dejean, C. Deltshev, M. Elverici, Jon Fernández, Fulvio Gasparo, M. Komnenov, C. Komposch, L. Kováč, K. B. Kunt, A. Mock, O. Moldovan, M. Naumova, Martina Pavlek, C. Prieto, C. Ribera, R. Rozwałka, V. Růžička, R. Vargovitsh, Stefan Zaenker, M. Isaia","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1579","url":null,"abstract":"Macroecologists seek to identify drivers of community turnover (β-diversity) through broad spatial scales. However, the influence of local habitat features in driving broad-scale β-diversity patterns remains largely untested, owing to the objective challenges of associating local-scale variables to continental-framed datasets. We examined the relative contribution of local- versus broad-scale drivers of continental β-diversity patterns, using a uniquely suited dataset of cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (35–70° latitude). Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed that geographical distance, mean annual temperature and size of the karst area in which caves occurred drove most of β-diversity, with differential contributions of each factor according to the level of subterranean specialization. Highly specialized communities were mostly influenced by geographical distance, while less specialized communities were mostly driven by mean annual temperature. Conversely, local-scale habitat features turned out to be meaningless predictors of community change, which emphasizes the idea of caves as the human accessible fraction of the extended network of fissures that more properly represents the elective habitat of the subterranean fauna. To the extent that the effect of local features turned to be inconspicuous, caves emerge as experimental model systems in which to study broad biological patterns without the confounding effect of local habitat features.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78963394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：