The increasing acreage of maize crops requires continuous monitoring and the search for new solutions to control pests. Damage monitoring was carried out annually (2006–2016), which made it possible to determine changes in the intensity of occurrence from year to year, as well as its spatial differentiation in the provinces. The greatest damage caused by the feeding of the European corn borer in the analysed period occurred in the southern part of Poland, mainly in the Opolskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships. On the other hand, the years with the highest activity of the pest was recorded in the 2006 and 2007. Damage caused by the European corn borer feeding was compared with the mean annual air temperature and mean annual precipitation. The high optimum temperature favoured faster development of the pest. In contrast, local flooding or drought in the middle of the growing season hindered maize growth, resulting in reduced activity of the pest risk.
{"title":"Analysis of monitoring of maize damage caused by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) in Poland in 2006–2016","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2022-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2022-022","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing acreage of maize crops requires continuous monitoring and the search for new solutions to control pests. Damage monitoring was carried out annually (2006–2016), which made it possible to determine changes in the intensity of occurrence from year to year, as well as its spatial differentiation in the provinces. The greatest damage caused by the feeding of the European corn borer in the analysed period occurred in the southern part of Poland, mainly in the Opolskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships. On the other hand, the years with the highest activity of the pest was recorded in the 2006 and 2007. Damage caused by the European corn borer feeding was compared with the mean annual air temperature and mean annual precipitation. The high optimum temperature favoured faster development of the pest. In contrast, local flooding or drought in the middle of the growing season hindered maize growth, resulting in reduced activity of the pest risk.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranyus urticae Koch) is a polyphagic pest of various crops. The consequence of its feeding on sugar beet leaves is the disturbance of photosynthesis and, as a result, inhibition of plant growth and development and a decrease in the sugar content in the roots. In the climatic conditions of Poland, the number of generations of the spider mite in the growing season may be from 4 to 6. The aim of the field research was at assessing the degree of threat to sugar beet plantations by the spider mite throughout the country as part of the monitoring carried out in 2019–2021, in terms of mite harmfulness. In total, in the years of the research, 241 plantations located in 15 voivodeships were inspected. In 2019, 4 land district were tested, in 2020 – 22 and in 2021 – 73 land district, respectively. The degree of infestation of the plantation (adult forms of mites) was classified into four groups. They were distinguished due to the number of pests, the area of occurrence, intensity of leaf discoloration and deformation, and the general condition of plants. During the three-year monitoring study, the most numerous were spider mites in the first degree of infestation of the plantation, i.e. ”poorly populate”.
{"title":"Monitoring of the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) conducted in 2019–2021 in contract crops on sugar beet and on experimental plots","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2022-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2022-020","url":null,"abstract":"The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranyus urticae Koch) is a polyphagic pest of various crops. The consequence of its feeding on sugar beet leaves is the disturbance of photosynthesis and, as a result, inhibition of plant growth and development and a decrease in the sugar content in the roots. In the climatic conditions of Poland, the number of generations of the spider mite in the growing season may be from 4 to 6. The aim of the field research was at assessing the degree of threat to sugar beet plantations by the spider mite throughout the country as part of the monitoring carried out in 2019–2021, in terms of mite harmfulness. In total, in the years of the research, 241 plantations located in 15 voivodeships were inspected. In 2019, 4 land district were tested, in 2020 – 22 and in 2021 – 73 land district, respectively. The degree of infestation of the plantation (adult forms of mites) was classified into four groups. They were distinguished due to the number of pests, the area of occurrence, intensity of leaf discoloration and deformation, and the general condition of plants. During the three-year monitoring study, the most numerous were spider mites in the first degree of infestation of the plantation, i.e. ”poorly populate”.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"14 38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents selected aspects of changes in fertilization in the years 2006–2021. During this period, the number of soil samples tested at the Regional Chemical and Agricultural Stations did not increase, and it still remains at a low level. The consumption of calcium fertilizers increased slightly, which is the result of the introduction of subsidies for liming. There are still the wrong proportions in the use of nutrients: the dominance of nitrogen and insufficient doses of potassium. The vast majority of agricultural producers set the doses of fertilizers at random. In agricultural practice, strip-tillage, foliar application of silicon and the use of bacterial preparations are becoming popular. From August 1, 2021, only granular urea with a urease inhibitor or a biodegradable coating may be used. It is urgent to revise the goals of the Green Deal so that they do not restrict food production, which should now be the primary goal of agriculture in the European Union due to the war in Ukraine and the massive influx of emigrants.
{"title":"Changes in fertilization – good and bad","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2022-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2022-016","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents selected aspects of changes in fertilization in the years 2006–2021. During this period, the number of soil samples tested at the Regional Chemical and Agricultural Stations did not increase, and it still remains at a low level. The consumption of calcium fertilizers increased slightly, which is the result of the introduction of subsidies for liming. There are still the wrong proportions in the use of nutrients: the dominance of nitrogen and insufficient doses of potassium. The vast majority of agricultural producers set the doses of fertilizers at random. In agricultural practice, strip-tillage, foliar application of silicon and the use of bacterial preparations are becoming popular. From August 1, 2021, only granular urea with a urease inhibitor or a biodegradable coating may be used. It is urgent to revise the goals of the Green Deal so that they do not restrict food production, which should now be the primary goal of agriculture in the European Union due to the war in Ukraine and the massive influx of emigrants.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable agricultural policies are leaning towards the use of silver and copper nanocolloids (AgNK, CuNK), which are the most widely used compounds among nanomaterials in various fields, especially in the agricultural sector. Plants are an essential component of the ecosystem and the most important source of food for humanity, therefore, it is important to understand the effects of nanocolloids silver and copper on plant growth and development. This article presents the effects of the above nanocolloids on plants, in terms of the elemental content of a food product in the form of dried rapeseed sprouts obtained from a field crop with a foliar spray containing silver and copper metal nanocolloids.
{"title":"Possibilities of using nanotechnology to improve spring rapeseed germ quality in the context of integrated production requirements","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2022-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2022-025","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable agricultural policies are leaning towards the use of silver and copper nanocolloids (AgNK, CuNK), which are the most widely used compounds among nanomaterials in various fields, especially in the agricultural sector. Plants are an essential component of the ecosystem and the most important source of food for humanity, therefore, it is important to understand the effects of nanocolloids silver and copper on plant growth and development. This article presents the effects of the above nanocolloids on plants, in terms of the elemental content of a food product in the form of dried rapeseed sprouts obtained from a field crop with a foliar spray containing silver and copper metal nanocolloids.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the high-temperature technological process of bread baking from wheat and rye flour on the behaviour of commonly used active plant protection products in protection of cereals. The results of research conducted indicate the reduction thein concentration of 12 pesticides of 7 different chemical groups (strobilurins, pyrethroids, triazoles, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, imidazoles, benzimidazoles) when exposed to high temperature. The level of pesticide reduction was depending on the cereal raw material and content of bread dough used, including the presence of micro-organisms as the yeasts. The process conducted under the high temperature, caused a reduction of the pesticides tested from 24% to 87%. The greatest reduction of concentration was received for imidacloprid in rye bread (87% of reduction), while the lowest result was achieved for prosulfocarb in wheat bread (24% of reduction). Processing factor (PF) values were within a range between 0.13 (imidacloprid/rye bread/sourdough) and 0.76 (prosulfocarb/wheat bread/sourdough_yeast).
{"title":"The behaviour of pesticides in the high-temperature technological process of bread baking","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2022-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2022-026","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the high-temperature technological process of bread baking from wheat and rye flour on the behaviour of commonly used active plant protection products in protection of cereals. The results of research conducted indicate the reduction thein concentration of 12 pesticides of 7 different chemical groups (strobilurins, pyrethroids, triazoles, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, imidazoles, benzimidazoles) when exposed to high temperature. The level of pesticide reduction was depending on the cereal raw material and content of bread dough used, including the presence of micro-organisms as the yeasts. The process conducted under the high temperature, caused a reduction of the pesticides tested from 24% to 87%. The greatest reduction of concentration was received for imidacloprid in rye bread (87% of reduction), while the lowest result was achieved for prosulfocarb in wheat bread (24% of reduction). Processing factor (PF) values were within a range between 0.13 (imidacloprid/rye bread/sourdough) and 0.76 (prosulfocarb/wheat bread/sourdough_yeast).","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarząb brekinia [Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz] to rzadki gatunek drzewa występujący na rozproszonych stanowiskach, głównie w zachodniej Polsce. Rośnie głównie na nizinach lasów klasy Querco-Fagetea i Quercetea robori-petraeae, najczęściej w grądach i dąbrowach, będąc gatunkiem domieszkowym o wysokich walorach biocenotycznych. Może mieć również znaczenie w meblarstwie i medycynie. W przeszłości za główne zagrożenie dla brzeków uznawano wyraźne wycinki, a także wprowadzanie monokultur sosny. Obecnie największym zagrożeniem dla tego gatunku jest mała liczebność populacji, fragmentacja siedlisk, a także zgryzanie przez zwierzynę. W celu zapobieżenia dalszej degradacji genetycznej, a także ilościowej populacji drzew matecznych w naszym kraju podjęto próby ustalenia działań, które chroniłyby zasoby genetyczne S. torminalis na poziomie in situ i ex situ, w tym restytucję gatunku na stano wiskach zastępczych, a następnie wprowadzanie osobników na obszary leśne. Wykazano, że drzewa rosnące na siedlisku lasu świeżego były niższe i miały gorszy stan zdrowotny w porównaniu z drzewami rosnącymi na siedlisku lasu mieszanego. Na powierzchniach położonych na siedlisku lasu mieszanego świeżego po dwóch latach od nasadzeń stwierdzono większe zagęszczenie niż na obiektach położonych na siedlisku lasu świeżego.
{"title":"The survival rating and healthiness of wild service tree [Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz] in the Milicz Forest District","authors":"W. Pusz, J. Szmyt","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2021-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2021-001","url":null,"abstract":"Jarząb brekinia [Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz] to rzadki gatunek drzewa występujący na rozproszonych stanowiskach, głównie w zachodniej Polsce. Rośnie głównie na nizinach lasów klasy Querco-Fagetea i Quercetea robori-petraeae, najczęściej w grądach i dąbrowach, będąc gatunkiem domieszkowym o wysokich walorach biocenotycznych. Może mieć również znaczenie w meblarstwie i medycynie. W przeszłości za główne zagrożenie dla brzeków uznawano wyraźne wycinki, a także wprowadzanie monokultur sosny. Obecnie największym zagrożeniem dla tego gatunku jest mała liczebność populacji, fragmentacja siedlisk, a także zgryzanie przez zwierzynę. W celu zapobieżenia dalszej degradacji genetycznej, a także ilościowej populacji drzew matecznych w naszym kraju podjęto próby ustalenia działań, które chroniłyby zasoby genetyczne S. torminalis na poziomie in situ i ex situ, w tym restytucję gatunku na stano wiskach zastępczych, a następnie wprowadzanie osobników na obszary leśne. Wykazano, że drzewa rosnące na siedlisku lasu świeżego były niższe i miały gorszy stan zdrowotny w porównaniu z drzewami rosnącymi na siedlisku lasu mieszanego. Na powierzchniach położonych na siedlisku lasu mieszanego świeżego po dwóch latach od nasadzeń stwierdzono większe zagęszczenie niż na obiektach położonych na siedlisku lasu świeżego.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"61 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of selected micronutrient seed fertilizers on the viability of Bradyrhizobium japonicum","authors":"A. Brzezińska, A. Mrozek-Niećko","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2021-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2021-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"61 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metabolic activity of yeasts, as well as their common occurrence in the environment make them a potential source of compounds that can be used in biological plant protection. The article presents health-promoting effects of yeast on plants. The pro-health effect of yeast is related to the ability to provide plants with dissolved nutrients. Yeasts can also indirectly activate plant defence mechanisms and improve plant health status. The bioremediation properties and antagonism of yeasts against numerous economically important phytopathogens play an important role here. The research is also indicated that yeasts (Pichia membranifaciens, Pichia fermentans and Meyrozyma guilliermondii) in vitro show an antagonistic activity against their phytopathogens (Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum coccodes). All the mentioned aspects of yeast activity can be useful in creating high-quality biofertilizers and biopesticides.
{"title":"Possibilities of using yeast in biological plant protection","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2021-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2021-035","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic activity of yeasts, as well as their common occurrence in the environment make them a potential source of compounds that can be used in biological plant protection. The article presents health-promoting effects of yeast on plants. The pro-health effect of yeast is related to the ability to provide plants with dissolved nutrients. Yeasts can also indirectly activate plant defence mechanisms and improve plant health status. The bioremediation properties and antagonism of yeasts against numerous economically important phytopathogens play an important role here. The research is also indicated that yeasts (Pichia membranifaciens, Pichia fermentans and Meyrozyma guilliermondii) in vitro show an antagonistic activity against their phytopathogens (Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum coccodes). All the mentioned aspects of yeast activity can be useful in creating high-quality biofertilizers and biopesticides.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tkaczuk, A. Majchrowska-Safaryan, Tomasz Krzyczkowski
{"title":"The effect of selected herbicides and zoocides on the growth of acaropathogenic fungi from the Hirsutella genus","authors":"C. Tkaczuk, A. Majchrowska-Safaryan, Tomasz Krzyczkowski","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2021-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2021-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"61 1","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of sugar beet variety and initial population of sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) in soil on nematode development and sugar beet yield and root quality","authors":"A. Ulatowska","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2021-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2021-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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