Polymer Testing最新文献_第4页

Enhancing hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of epoxy resin coatings using KH570-ZrO2 nanoparticles 利用KH570-ZrO2纳米颗粒增强环氧树脂涂料的疏水性和耐腐蚀性

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109070

Youfan Wu , Qianqian Yang , Haibao Zhang , Yutong Zhou , Haoyan Guo , Zhenjun Wang , Gang Li

Epoxy resin has excellent adhesion, mechanical strength, environmental adaptability and corrosion resistance. As a concrete coating, it can effectively seal internal pores, prevent the penetration of water and corrosive ions. However, the epoxy resin has a relatively high content of hydrophilic groups and lacks an effective physical barrier structure. In this work, KH570-ZrO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by modifying zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) with 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) and then mixed with epoxy resin to prepare epoxy coatings. The thermal properties, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the coatings were studied respectively. The results indicated that when the content of ZrO₂ particles was 3.0 wt% of the epoxy resin, the modified epoxy coating demonstrated the most notable enhancements in both thermal and mechanical properties. Moreover, it exhibited optimal hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance. The KH570-ZrO₂ nanoparticles constructed a micro-nano composite rough structure. Meanwhile, low surface energy organosilane segments were introduced. These two factors jointly decreased the contact. In addition, KH570-ZrO₂ particles are uniformly dispersed in the cross linked network. Through the “maze effect”, they extend the diffusion paths of environmental moisture, oxygen, and various ions, thereby effectively inhibiting the penetration of these media into the concrete matrix. Overall, this work successfully improved the mechanical, hydrophobic and corrosion resistant properties, offering an effective technique for enhancing the durability of protective coatings.

环氧树脂具有优异的附着力、机械强度、环境适应性和耐腐蚀性。作为混凝土涂层，能有效密封内部孔隙，防止水和腐蚀离子的渗透。然而，环氧树脂的亲水性基团含量较高，缺乏有效的物理屏障结构。本文以3-甲基丙烯氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）对氧化锆（ZrO2）进行改性，合成了KH570-ZrO2纳米粒子，并与环氧树脂混合制备环氧涂料。研究了涂层的热性能、力学性能、疏水性和耐腐蚀性。结果表明，当ZrO2颗粒含量为环氧树脂的3.0 wt%时，改性后的环氧涂层的热性能和力学性能都得到了最显著的提高。此外，它还具有最佳的疏水性和耐腐蚀性。KH570-ZrO2纳米颗粒构建了微纳复合粗糙结构。同时介绍了低表面能有机硅烷段。这两个因素共同降低了接触。此外，KH570-ZrO2颗粒均匀分散在交联网络中。它们通过“迷宫效应”延长了环境水分、氧气和各种离子的扩散路径，从而有效地抑制了这些介质对混凝土基体的渗透。总的来说，这项工作成功地改善了机械、疏水和耐腐蚀性能，为提高保护涂层的耐久性提供了一种有效的技术。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between strength and elasticity in silk hydrogels by inter-vs. intramolecular β-sheet formation 用inter-vs研究了蚕丝水凝胶强度与弹性的关系。分子内β片的形成

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109069

So Yeun Choi , Sunny Lee , Cheol Sang Kim , Chan Hee Park

Silk fibroin (SF) is most commonly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In particular, SF hydrogels can mimic the three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM), offering a supportive environment for cellular activities. However, their mechanical properties are difficult to precisely control, which limits their application in load-bearing or function-specific tissue scaffolds. Mechanical performance in SF hydrogels is primarily governed by changes in secondary structure, especially β-sheet formation, which correlates with crystallinity and physical crosslinking. Most prior studies have focused on the total amount of β-sheet content, overlooking how its arrangement—intermolecular versus intramolecular—within the three-dimensional hydrogel network influences functional behavior. In this study, we systematically analyzed the relationship between β-sheet structural arrangement and physical properties by applying post-treatment with three different solvents—PBS buffer, methanol (MeOH), and dimethylformamide (DMF)—following UV-induced crosslinking of methacrylated SF (Sil-MA) hydrogels. PBS was used as a control mimicking physiological conditions, while MeOH and DMF were selected for their distinct β-sheet induction mechanisms. The results demonstrated that MeOH rapidly induces intermolecular β-sheet stacking and lamellar structure, enhancing stiffness, while DMF promotes intramolecular folding and β-turns, increasing elasticity. These molecular-level structural differences were directly linked to variations in swelling, degradation rate, and mechanical responses. Overall, the findings provide a scientific basis for controlling the functional performance of silk hydrogels by modulating post-treatment conditions, which will enable the precise design of custom bioscaffolds for regenerative applications requiring specific combinations of elasticity and strength.

丝素蛋白具有良好的生物相容性和机械强度，在组织工程和再生医学中应用最为广泛。特别是，SF水凝胶可以模拟三维细胞外基质（ECM），为细胞活动提供支持环境。然而，它们的机械性能难以精确控制，这限制了它们在承重或功能特异性组织支架中的应用。SF水凝胶的力学性能主要受二级结构的变化，特别是β-片的形成，这与结晶度和物理交联有关。大多数先前的研究都集中在β片含量的总量上，而忽略了其在三维水凝胶网络中的排列（分子间和分子内）如何影响功能行为。在这项研究中，我们系统地分析了β-片结构排列与物理性能之间的关系，采用三种不同的溶剂- pbs缓冲液，甲醇（MeOH）和二甲酰胺(DMF) -在紫外线诱导的甲基丙烯酸化SF （Sil-MA）水凝胶交联后进行后处理。PBS作为模拟生理条件的对照，而MeOH和DMF因其不同的β-sheet诱导机制而被选择。结果表明，MeOH快速诱导分子间β-片层堆叠和层状结构，增强了材料的刚度，而DMF促进分子内折叠和β-转动，增加了材料的弹性。这些分子水平上的结构差异与膨胀、降解率和机械反应的变化直接相关。总的来说，这些发现为通过调节后处理条件来控制丝水凝胶的功能性能提供了科学依据，这将使定制生物支架的精确设计能够用于需要特定弹性和强度组合的再生应用。

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引用次数: 0

Towards biaxial fatigue experiments of elastomers using square and cruciform geometries in planar tension conditions 平面拉伸条件下方形和十字形弹性体的双轴疲劳试验

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109060

Ali Esmaeili , Deepak George , Lewis Tunnicliffe , Ian Masters , Mokarram Hossain

Soft materials such as natural rubber, hydrogels, and biological tissues have anisotropic properties and are subject to cyclic biaxial loading during their service lives. This requires biaxial loading rather than uniaxial; however, no agreed standard protocol exists. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide preliminary suggestions for reliable and consistent biaxial fatigue tests so that a good degree of biaxiality and efficiency can be thoroughly achieved. Several biaxial loading tests (equi-biaxial and unequal-biaxial) were conducted on natural rubber and ecoflex using different geometries including cruciform and square configurations. Three criteria were defined to evaluate the equi-biaxiality performance: (i) test function related to homogeneous strain distribution in the field of interest, (ii) degree of efficiency corresponding to the ratio of strain in the field of interest (gauge section located in the middle regions) to the maximum strain far from the middle area, and (iii) strain ratio, used for fatigue test. Results showed that cruciform geometry underperformed in equi-biaxiality criteria, i.e., samples possessed high uniaxial strain in the arm whereas the simple square geometry could reach a higher degree of biaxiality and efficiency. The highest equi-biaxiality performance was obtained for the optimized square geometry in such a way that a maximum equi-biaxial strain of 65 % was achieved in the field of interest while possessing a degree of efficiency of 0.66 and strain ratio of 1.96. A successful unequal-biaxial fatigue test of up to two million cycles was conducted on the optimized square specimen made of ecoflex. Finally, a new square configuration with circular cavity in the middle was suggested for future biaxial characterization and standardization of biaxial tests in which the numerical study yielded a degree of efficiency of 1 and strain ration of 2.12 manifesting a considerable improvement in the biaxiality performance.

软材料如天然橡胶、水凝胶和生物组织具有各向异性，在其使用寿命期间受到循环双轴载荷的影响。这需要双轴加载而不是单轴加载；然而，目前还没有达成一致的标准协议。因此，本研究的目的是为可靠和一致的双轴疲劳试验提供初步建议，从而彻底实现良好的双轴性和效率。对天然橡胶和ecoflex进行了几种双轴（等双轴和不等双轴）加载试验，采用不同的几何形状，包括十字形和方形配置。定义了三个评价等双轴性性能的标准：(i)与感兴趣区域内均匀应变分布相关的试验函数，（ii）感兴趣区域（位于中间区域的规范截面）应变与远离中间区域的最大应变之比对应的效率程度，以及（iii）用于疲劳试验的应变比。结果表明，十字形几何结构在等双轴性条件下表现不佳，即样品在臂部具有较高的单轴应变，而简单的方形几何结构可以达到更高的双轴性和效率。优化后的方形几何结构获得了最高的等双轴性能，在感兴趣的领域中获得了65%的最大等双轴应变，而效率度为0.66，应变比为1.96。对优化后的ecoflex方形试件进行了200万次的非等双轴疲劳试验。最后，提出了一种新的中间有圆腔的方形结构，用于未来的双轴特性和双轴试验的标准化，其中数值研究得出的效率度为1，应变比为2.12，表明双轴性能有了很大的改善。

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引用次数: 0

Multiaxial characterization of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic flax bio-composites using a modified Arcan fixture and digital image correlation 使用改进的Arcan夹具和数字图像相关技术对交叉铺层和准各向同性亚麻生物复合材料进行多轴表征

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109059

Zoran Bergant, Tomaž Kek, Andraž Maček, Miroslav Halilovič, Roman Šturm

This study investigates the mechanical behavior, stress–strain states and damage evolution of flax-fiber reinforced polymer composites under various loading angles using Arcan specimens with V-notches. Three stacking sequences, cross-ply [0/90]_4s, quasi-isotropic [45/−45/0/90]_2s, and angled cross-ply [45/−45]_4s, were examined to assess their response to combined tension and shear loading at angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed to capture detailed strain fields and principal strain orientations, enabling direct comparison with numerical predictions from finite element modelling. Results show that the [45/−45]_4s laminate exhibits superior shear load-bearing capacity due to the transformation of shear into tensile and compressive stresses within ±45° plies. Notch sensitivity varied significantly among laminates, with the [45/−45/0/90]_2s configuration showing greater damage tolerance, a smaller strength drop at off-axis angles, and a reduced notch effect compared to cross-ply laminates. The study reveals complex strain localization patterns and fiber-matrix interactions influencing crack initiation and propagation. These findings enhance the understanding of anisotropic damage mechanisms in natural fiber composites and provide valuable insights for optimizing biocomposite layups in structural applications subjected to multiaxial stress–strain states.

采用带v形缺口的Arcan试样，研究了不同加载角度下亚麻纤维增强聚合物复合材料的力学行为、应力-应变状态及损伤演化。研究了三种堆叠顺序，即交叉铺层[0/90]4s、准各向同性铺层[45/−45/0/90]2s和角度交叉铺层[45/−45]4s，以评估它们在0°、45°和90°角度下对联合张力和剪切载荷的响应。采用数字图像相关（DIC）捕获详细的应变场和主应变方向，从而可以与有限元模型的数值预测进行直接比较。结果表明：[45/−45]4s层合板在±45°层合层内剪切向拉、压应力的转变使其具有较好的剪切承载能力；缺口敏感性在层压板之间存在显著差异，与交叉层压板相比，[45/−45/0/90]2s结构具有更大的损伤容限，离轴角强度下降较小，缺口效应较小。研究揭示了复杂的应变局部化模式和纤维-基体相互作用对裂纹萌生和扩展的影响。这些发现增强了对天然纤维复合材料各向异性损伤机制的理解，并为在多轴应力-应变状态下结构应用中优化生物复合材料层提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Decarbonization via bio-MOF-impregnated polysulfone-based hybrid membranes 生物mof浸渍聚砜基杂化膜脱碳

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109062

Muneerah Alomar , Zaman Tahir , Afraa Alotaibi , Muhammad Sarfraz

Bio-metal-organic frameworks (Bio-MOFs) are promising materials for membrane development due to their unique structural properties and high CO₂ affinity. This study explores integration of Bio-MOF-11 into a polysulfone matrix, demonstrating its potential to enhance carbon capture performance. Current investigation encompasses production and analysis of mixed-matrix membranes utilizing Bio-MOF-11 nanoparticles and polysulfone (PSf) matrix as their fundamental constituents. In instances where large metal-organic framework loadings were employed, it was demonstrated that mixed matrix membranes had a notable inclination towards CO₂ as opposed to CH₄ and N₂. This was substantiated by observing CO₂ permeability values reaching up to three times accompanied by almost doubling CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ selectivities as compared to pristine PSf membrane. Experimentally obtained permeability results of different gases through prepared mixed-matrix membranes containing varied amounts of Bio-MOF-11 were compared by applying theoretical models basing on two- and three-phase morphological systems. Findings also demonstrated elevated levels of adsorption, solubility, and diffusion coefficients in comparison to original PSf membrane. Findings of this study indicate potential utility of Bio-MOF-11 in the field of carbon capture and natural gas sweetening processes.

生物金属-有机框架（Bio-MOFs）由于其独特的结构特性和高的CO2亲和力，是一种很有前途的膜材料。本研究探索了将Bio-MOF-11整合到聚砜基质中，展示了其提高碳捕获性能的潜力。目前的研究包括利用Bio-MOF-11纳米颗粒和聚砜（PSf）基质作为其基本成分的混合基质膜的生产和分析。在使用大型金属-有机骨架负载的情况下，研究表明，混合基质膜对二氧化碳的倾向明显高于CH4和N2。与原始PSf膜相比，观察到的CO2渗透率值高达三倍，同时CO2/N2和CO2/CH4选择性几乎翻了一番，证实了这一点。采用基于两相和三相形态体系的理论模型，比较了不同气体通过含不同量Bio-MOF-11制备的混合基质膜的渗透率结果。研究结果还表明，与原始PSf膜相比，其吸附、溶解度和扩散系数都有所提高。该研究结果表明，生物mof -11在碳捕获和天然气脱硫工艺领域具有潜在的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation, characterization, and swelling–release behavior of sodium alginate microspheres loaded with multiple nutrients under variable environmental conditions 海藻酸钠微球的制备、表征及其在不同环境条件下的膨胀释放行为

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109058

Xiaolin Liu , Lu Tang , Zhenzhen Liu , Chunxiao Liu

This study developed a sodium alginate (SA)-based slow-release microsphere (SA-NPK) for encapsulating nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers to enhance fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental pollution. The structure and nutrient loading of the microspheres were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. These results showed that the composite fertilizer was embedded in the porous network structure of the SA microspheres in the form of crystals. Furthermore, investigating the effects of different pH values and NaCl concentrations on the swelling behavior of the microspheres and nutrient release showed that the swelling behavior of the SA-NPK microspheres exhibited good responsiveness to both pH and sodium ion concentrations, with acidic environments and elevated NaCl concentrations promoting the release of encapsulated nutrients. After 72 h, the cumulative release amounts of N, P, and K reached 93.20–97.86 %, 71.78–81.25 %, and 90.48–93.45 %, respectively. Moreover, soil leaching experiments demonstrated good sustained-release performance, with cumulative nutrient release rates of 82 %, 62 %, and 86 % for N, P, and K after 15 days, respectively. The microspheres also exhibited favorable biodegradability, confirming their potential to minimize environmental impact. Overall, the SA-NPK microspheres provide a low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable slow-release fertilizer system with promising applications in sustainable agriculture and horticulture.

本研究开发了一种海藻酸钠（SA）缓释微球（SA- npk），用于包封氮、磷、钾肥料，提高肥料利用率，减少环境污染。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、x射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对微球的结构和营养载荷进行了表征。结果表明，复合肥料以晶体形式嵌入在SA微球的多孔网络结构中。此外，研究不同pH值和NaCl浓度对SA-NPK微球溶胀行为和养分释放的影响表明，SA-NPK微球的溶胀行为对pH和钠离子浓度均表现出良好的响应性，酸性环境和NaCl浓度的升高促进了被封装养分的释放。72 h后，N、P、K的累积释放量分别达到93.20 ~ 97.86%、71.78 ~ 81.25%和90.48 ~ 93.45%。此外，土壤淋溶试验显示出良好的持续释放性能，15天后N、P和K的累积养分释放率分别为82%、62%和86%。微球还表现出良好的生物降解性，证实了它们对环境影响最小化的潜力。综上所述，SA-NPK微球是一种低成本、环保、可生物降解的缓释肥料体系，在可持续农业和园艺领域具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of delignified woods modified with ε -caprolactone ε -己内酯改性去木质素木材的表征

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109061

Şeyma Özlüsoylu , Ahmet Can , Sauradipta Ganguly

This study explores the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) for selective lignin removal from wood, followed by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) to enhance structural and functional properties of wood. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus orientalis) were treated with DES formulations based on choline chloride (ChCl) combined with oxalic acid (OA) or glycerol (GL) at molar ratios of 1.5:1 or 1:1, respectively. Post-treatment, ε-CL was grafted onto the delignified wood via ring-opening polymerization. Beech specimens treated with OA-based DES exhibited high mass loss and low weight percent gain (WPG: 60 %) which was different for Scots pine where lower mass loss and higher WPG (143.45 %) was observed, possibly indicating a more efficient CL grafting. The modified wood of both the species, exhibited improved water resistance and dimensional stability, with swelling values below 10 % and remarkably reduced water uptake rates. Anti-swelling efficiency exceeded 54 % in beech and 35 % in pine. FTIR confirmed successful CL grafting through ester carbonyl bands, while XRD indicated reduced crystallinity, suggesting increased amorphous character; potentially justifying the use of DES-assisted delignification and CL polymerization for functional wood modification.

本研究探讨了使用深度共晶溶剂（DES）选择性脱除木材中的木质素，然后原位聚合ε-己内酯（ε-CL）以提高木材的结构和功能性能。以氯化胆碱（ChCl）与草酸（OA）或甘油（GL）分别以1.5:1或1:1的摩尔比配制DES处理苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）和山毛榉（Fagus orientalis）。处理后，ε-CL通过开环聚合接枝到去木素化木材上。山毛榉的质量损失大，增重率低（WPG: 60%），而苏格兰松的质量损失小，增重率高（WPG: 143.45%），这可能表明CL嫁接更有效。改性木材的抗水性和尺寸稳定性都得到了改善，膨胀值低于10%，吸水率显著降低。山毛榉和松木的消肿率分别超过54%和35%。FTIR通过酯羰基带证实CL接枝成功，而XRD表明结晶度降低，表明无定形性质增加；潜在地证明了des辅助脱木质素和CL聚合用于功能性木材改性的合理性。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient adsorption of iodine by three-dimensional organic polymers synthesized by single step substitution and mechanism study 单步取代合成三维有机聚合物对碘的高效吸附及机理研究

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109056

Fei-Fei Wang , Qing-Rong Zhang , Chang Liu , Qian Zhang , Guangyao Hou , Rui Zhang

In this paper, we report the preparation of a novel three-dimensional organic polymer synthesized via a one-step substitution reaction utilizing dl-dithiothreitol and 2,4,6-tribromomethyltrimethylbenzene as raw materials. This polymer features a straightforward preparation process, low synthesis cost, and potential for large-scale production. The structural characterization of the polymer was conducted using various techniques, including solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Building on its structural characteristics, we further investigated the polymer's adsorption capacity for both gaseous iodine and iodine in aqueous solutions. Experimental results confirm that the polymer exhibits efficient and selective iodine adsorption with no structural alteration before and after the capture process. The maximum adsorption capacity for iodine vapor reached 4.60 g g⁻¹. For aqueous solutions with concentrations of 0.12 mmol L⁻¹ and 0.30 mmol L⁻¹, the maximum adsorption capacities were determined to be 6.25 mg g⁻¹ and 24.58 mg g⁻¹, respectively.

Extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that multiple noncovalent interactions, including I−I···π, C−H···I, and O−H···I bonding, as well as electrostatic interactions between the polymer and I₂/I₃⁻ species, collectively account for its exceptional iodine trapping capacity.

本文报道了以二硫代苏糖醇和2,4,6-三溴甲基三甲基苯为原料，通过一步取代反应合成的新型三维有机聚合物。该聚合物制备工艺简单，合成成本低，具有大规模生产的潜力。采用固体碳-13核磁共振（13C NMR）、红外光谱（IR）、热重分析（TGA）和粉末x射线衍射（PXRD）等多种技术对聚合物进行了结构表征。基于其结构特征，我们进一步研究了聚合物对气态碘和水溶液中碘的吸附能力。实验结果表明，该聚合物具有高效、选择性的碘吸附性能，吸附前后无结构变化。对碘蒸气的最大吸附量为4.60 g g−1。对于浓度为0.12 mmol L−1和0.30 mmol L−1的水溶液，最大吸附量分别为6.25 mg g−1和24.58 mg g−1。广泛的密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，多种非共价相互作用，包括I−I···π， C−H··I和O−H··I键，以及聚合物与I2/I3−物质之间的静电相互作用，共同解释了其特殊的碘捕获能力。

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引用次数: 0

Phenolic-resin-eating superworms as a platform for discovering microorganisms that degrade phenolic thermosets 以酚醛树脂为食的超级蠕虫作为发现降解酚醛热固性微生物的平台

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109057

Seunghyeon Lee , Jimin Choi , Seongwook Woo , Hyung Joon Cha , Dongyeop X. Oh , Dong Soo Hwang

Electronic waste (e-waste) is associated with escalating problems that necessitate innovative solutions for managing phenolic resins, which are prevalent components of discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs). Here, we report that superworms (Zophobas atratus) which naturally ingest polyphenolic materials, provide a biological platform for identifying microorganisms capable of degrading phenolic resins. Most microbial biodegradation systems primarily focus on thermoplastics, but here we directly demonstrate molecular-weight changes and measurable thermoset-resin degradation. Floral foam was selected as a model for phenolic resins due to its porous structure and high surface area, which facilitate bacterial and enzymatic degradation in superworm guts. Superworms exclusively fed floral foam demonstrated survival rates comparable to those fed bran for 28 d. Structural changes indicative of oxidative biodegradation of the phenolic resin were revealed, with stable carbon isotope analysis suggesting that the floral foam had been assimilated into superworm tissue. Significant microbial-community changes were observed during gut microbiome analysis, with notably higher levels of Citrobacter, Cronobacter, and Enterococcus genera, which are known for their abilities to biodegrade plastic, recorded for the floral-foam-fed group. This study provides a biological approach for degrading thermosetting plastics and screening potential microorganisms for future applications in eco-friendly phenolic-resin-based thermoset e-waste management.

电子废物（电子废物）与不断升级的问题有关，需要创新的解决方案来管理酚醛树脂，酚醛树脂是废弃印刷电路板（pcb）的普遍成分。在这里，我们报道了天然摄取多酚材料的超级蠕虫（zoophobas atratus），为识别能够降解酚醛树脂的微生物提供了一个生物学平台。大多数微生物生物降解系统主要关注热塑性塑料，但在这里，我们直接展示了分子量变化和可测量的热固性树脂降解。选择花泡沫作为酚醛树脂的模型，是因为它的多孔结构和高表面积，有利于超级蠕虫肠道中的细菌和酶降解。仅饲喂花泡沫的超级蠕虫在28 d内的存活率与饲喂麸皮的超级蠕虫相当。通过稳定碳同位素分析，揭示了酚树脂氧化生物降解的结构变化，表明花泡沫已被吸收到超级蠕虫组织中。在肠道微生物组分析中观察到显著的微生物群落变化，在食用花卉泡沫饲料的组中，柠檬酸杆菌、克罗诺杆菌和肠球菌属的水平显著提高，这些细菌以其生物降解塑料的能力而闻名。该研究为热固性塑料的降解提供了一种生物学方法，并为未来在生态友好的酚醛树脂基热固性电子废物管理中应用提供了潜在的微生物筛选。

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引用次数: 0

Polyaniline-based hybrid coatings for corrosion protection: Breakthroughs in nanocomposite design, self-healing, and corrosion sensing 用于防腐的聚苯胺基杂化涂层：纳米复合材料设计、自修复和腐蚀传感的突破

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109053

Hassane Lgaz , Han-seung Lee , Awad A. Alrashdi , Mouslim Messali

Polyaniline (PANI), a conductive polymer renowned for its unique electrochemical properties, has recently emerged as a promising corrosion-protective material owing to its active passivation capability, robust barrier effects, and intelligent, stimulus-responsive functionalities. This review examines recent advancements in PANI-based hybrid coating systems and their applications for corrosion protection across diverse metallic substrates. Emphasis is placed on novel hybrid architectures, including composites of PANI with metal oxides, two-dimensional materials (graphene, MXenes), and functional nanohybrids, which exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance, high impedance, and autonomous self-healing properties. Comprehensive characterization approaches, encompassing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nanoscale imaging methods, are systematically integrated to elucidate corrosion inhibition mechanisms, barrier performance, and interfacial phenomena governing coating effectiveness. Special attention is devoted to “smart” hybrid coatings where coordination-engineered PANI systems enable functionalities such as pH-responsive inhibitor release, fluorescence-based corrosion sensing, and photothermal self-healing, demonstrating multifunctional protection capabilities. Practical applications in aggressive industrial, marine, and automotive environments demonstrate PANI's significant potential to enhance structural longevity and reduce maintenance costs. Despite remarkable advancements, challenges related to long-term durability, environmental sustainability of dopants, cost efficiency, and scalability remain. The review concludes by highlighting strategic research directions toward sustainable multifunctional hybrid coatings and integrated sensor technologies, positioning PANI-based materials as key candidates in next-generation anticorrosion coating solutions.

聚苯胺（PANI）是一种以其独特的电化学性能而闻名的导电聚合物，由于其主动钝化能力、强大的屏障效应和智能的刺激响应功能，最近成为一种有前途的防腐材料。本文综述了聚苯胺基复合涂层体系的最新进展及其在不同金属基材上的防腐应用。重点放在新型混合结构上，包括聚苯胺与金属氧化物、二维材料（石墨烯、MXenes）和功能纳米杂化材料的复合材料，这些材料具有优异的耐腐蚀性、高阻抗和自主自愈性能。全面的表征方法，包括电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、动电位极化、拉曼光谱、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和纳米级成像方法，系统地整合在一起，以阐明腐蚀抑制机制、屏障性能和控制涂层有效性的界面现象。特别关注的是“智能”混合涂层，其中协调工程的聚苯胺系统具有ph响应抑制剂释放，基于荧光的腐蚀传感和光热自修复等功能，展示了多功能保护能力。在恶劣的工业、船舶和汽车环境中的实际应用表明，聚苯胺具有提高结构寿命和降低维护成本的巨大潜力。尽管取得了显著的进步，但掺杂剂的长期耐用性、环境可持续性、成本效率和可扩展性方面的挑战仍然存在。总结了可持续多功能混合涂料和集成传感器技术的战略研究方向，将聚苯胺基材料定位为下一代防腐涂料解决方案的关键候选材料。

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